LOGISTICS

LOGISTICS

1. Inbound logistics

   • Inbound logistics frames the activities necessary to fulfill by supplying your products, making them available for your transformation or sale.
     • It includes all the activities necessary to comply with the supply of products, guaranteeing the resources available for its transformation or sale.
       • Inventory management
         • Is a determining point in the strategic management of any organization.
           • The fundamental objectives of inventory management are: • Minimize "possible" stock levels. • Ensure the availability of stocks (finished product, product in progress, raw material, input, etc.) at the right time.
             • Cost to order
               • - For commercial activity: It consists of the process of issuing an order (telephone calls, preparation of forms, administrative expenses of paperwork, in addition to the intrinsic expenses of a process of ordering a certain number of units such as those associated with reception processes).
                 • Inventory holding or holding cost
                   • The costs associated with maintaining an inventory (managed by the organization) are predominantly determined by the permanence of the average of the logistics units in a specific place for this, as a function of time, given that each unit represents a cost of handling the reception, storage, inspection and dispatch processes.
                     • Stock Break Cost (Non-Existence Cost)
                       • The stock break cost works as a "Shadow Price" in relation to each unit in inventory that enables the double-entry process in the search for a balance between inventory operating costs. Loss of sales revenue - Expenses generated by breach of contracts - Reorder and replacement
                         • Types of inventories
                           • Classification according to your level of completion Inventories can be cataloged according to their degree of completion in: Commodity Inventories Supplies and Materials Inventories (Second order raw materials) Inventories of Products in process Inventories of finished products Packaging Product Inventories
                             • Classification according to its location with respect to the company's facilities
                               • Inventory in transit: Those units belonging to the company, and that are not located in its physical facilities destined as its punctual location, for example: Merchandise en route, in reception control (and its punctual location is another), in internal transport, in package, etc.
                                 • Classification according to its function
                                   • According to functionality, inventories can be classified into: Operating Inventory: It is the set of units that arise from the resupply of units that are sold or used in production.
                                     • STEPS TO CARRY OUT AN INVENTORY
                                       • 1. Identify the goods to be inventoried: The first step is to be clear about which goods are the ones to be inventoried and which goods are not. 2. Determine the places to inventory: Once clarified which are the goods that must be included in the inventory, it will be necessary to keep in mind all the places where they are so as not to omit them. 3. Assemble a work team: We consider this issue of utmost importance because, in addition to doing the task more efficiently, it is a show of solidarity and co-responsibility on the part of the people who are part of the warehouse. 4. Tour, count and registration: Once the previous steps have been completed, we are in a position to begin the inventory itself.
                                         • Stock policy in the logistics management of a production chain
                                           • The supply policy aims to carry out studies to resolve questions such as how many units of each product should be kept in the warehouse? When should a product be made? What units should be ordered in each order? The answer is in the main aspects to consider in the stock policy, such as: Service level It is the ability to offer the products demanded at the time of the customer's purchase. If you want to guarantee a level of service of 90% this will mean that you must have practically all the products that the client requests. But be careful, at what cost? Because this would make it necessary to have a very large stock and that is why very high costs of said stock would be incurred.
                                             • Sales forecast
                                               • Here you can decide the optimal amount of product to store. That is why a detailed study of the demand for each product must be carried out, that is, the articles are identified or classified by their level of demand to pay greater attention (time, control and investment) to those articles whose stock breakage would cause problems to the company. The more accurate the sales forecast, the less the safety stock will have to be. The following factors will help us with this forecast: • The study of the sales of previous periods, since analyzing the sales of the previous year or an average of the last years you can know the evolution that each product follows and use the data as an indicator of future sales. • The oscillation on the sales history. The average variation index allows to detect if the sales of the study product follow an upward or downward trend and to analyze the possible causes and other factors that may affect future sales. • Study the general situation of the market since,
                                                 • Cost management
                                                   • As previously seen, a company needs to store certain quantities of materials and products, but it also has to be aware of the cost that such stock generates. These costs that arise are of four types: Acquisition cost Storage cost Provisioning cost Breakage cost
                                                     • Supplier delivery time
                                                       • Finally, it is essential to take into account the delivery times of the stock, since it is the time that elapses from the issuance of an order to the receipt of the merchandise and they are incorporated into the company's production process.
                                                         • ANALYZING THESE CONCEPTS WE CAN DEFINE:
                                                           • 1. Economic or administrative stock as the set of products, merchandise or materials that are the property of the company and can be at fixed points (warehouses), in transit or on the way from the supplier, in the process of preparing other training, on display for the sale, or intended for own consumption. 2. Physical stock are products that, in addition to being the property of the company, are stored and the entire logistics process is necessary for them. The assortment is the catalog of products that the company offers its customers, while the stock is the quantity of said products stored in the warehouse, that is, the number of items available for sale.
                                                             • CURRENTLY THERE ARE TWO SECTORS:
                                                               • 1. It is represented by companies that compete for specialization, in order to be the best with few product lines that they market in depth. 2. Companies in the opposite sector store all kinds of products so that they do not have to depend on a small group of articles. Procurement is the set of actions carried out by the company to stock up on the necessary products, to carry out the manufacturing and / or marketing activities.
                                                                 • PROVISIONING INCLUDES:
                                                                   • • The planning and management of purchases • Storage of the products necessary for normal operation • The application of techniques that allow maintaining minimum or safety stocks for each material The main function of supply is to contribute to the common objectives of the company through good stock management in the best supply and quality conditions, at the lowest possible cost.
                                                                     • THE PLANNING OF THE PROVISIONING IS MADE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE FUNCTIONS OF THE STOCK, WHICH ARE:
                                                                       • 1. Allow to regulate the rhythms of production and sales. 2. Obtain favorable purchase prices when large quantities are purchased. 3. Allow through stock control, variations in demand and possible delays in supplier delivery.
                                                                         • OBJECTIVES THAT THE COMPANY PURSUES WITH A GOOD PLANNING OF THE PROVISIONING ARE:
                                                                           • 1. Establish a sufficient inventory 2. Minimize investment in stocks 3. Establish an efficient information system between the sections involved and provide the accounting department with reports on inventories and inventory value. 4. Intimate communication with the purchasing department.
                                                                             • THE TYPES OF STOCK ACCORDING TO THEIR RELATION TO PRODUCTION AND SALES AND THE PURPOSE THAT THE COMPANY PURSUES, THE FOLLOWING TYPES ARE DIFFERENT:
                                                                               • 1. Active stock 2. Safety stock 3. Optimal stock 4. Zero Stock 5. Seasonal stock 6. Speculation stocks 7. Stocks in transit 8. Recovery stock 9. Dead stock
                                                                                 • Stock management
                                                                                   • • THESE VARIABLES ARE:
                                                                                       • 1. The level of service offered. 2. Sales forecast. 3. Management costs. 4. The delivery time of suppliers. STOCK SIZE LEVEL The level of stock must take into account in a decisive way two factors, the balance with the rhythm of production and sales of each product. TO AVOID THESE SITUATIONS OF HIGH OR UNSUFFICIENT STOCK, YOU MUST TRY: 1. The stored products must be equivalent to two sales periods or production periods. 2. Be able to deliver the merchandise within established delivery times. 3. That the levels of stored stock are capable of satisfying demand and, at the same time, have room for maneuver in the face of possible variations, both in terms of delivery and in volumes demanded.
                                                                                         • THE TOTAL STOCK, IS THE MAXIMUM LEVEL OF MAXIMUM STOCKS OF AN ARTICLE AND, IS FORMED BY:
                                                                                           • 1. Active stock 2. Exposure stock 3. Safety stock The representation of the stock is based on the stocks of a warehouse, which oscillate between a maximum level and a minimum level.
     • -Inventory management -Stock policies -Rotation levels -Shopping: supplies and finished products.

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