Types of processor

Types of processor

1. von Neumann machine

   • Both instructions and data are stored in the same memory
   • data bus transfers both instructions and data on the same bus
   • programs can be optimized in siz
   • the same world width is used whether the memory is transferring an instruction or data regardless of size

2. Harvard architecture

   • data and memory have dedicated memory stores
   • data busses are seperated and could be different widths
   • programs tend to be large
   • each memory store could be a different size so adress bysses could be different widhts
   • commonly used in embedded systems

3. Contemporary processor architecture

   • Main memory holds both instructions and data
   • Cache is devided to hold either instructions or data

4. Reduced Instruction Set Computers

   • uses a small set of simple instructions of uniform length that are generally executed in one clock cycle
     • this means that computer has to repdetly perform simple operations to execute a larger program having a large number of processing operations
   • relatively simple to design and inexpensive
   • more general-purpose registers
   • simple addressing modes
   • fewer data types
   • pipeline can be achieved

5. Complex Instruction Set Computers

   • processor offers users hundreds of instruction, that interact with memory by using complex addressing modes, of variable sizes that are carried out by a set of special-purpose circuits at a very high speed
   • less umber of general-purpose registers as operations get preformed in memory itself
   • instruction may take longer than single clock cycle to get executed
   • more data types
   • complex addressing modes

6. Co-Processor

   • an extra processor used to supplement the functions of the primary processor
     • usually used to handle floating-point numbers

7. Multi-core processor

   • any CPU that has two or more cores
     • should process data faster, but this is not always the case, because some softwares are not designe to take advantage of multiple cores
       • the parallel system relies software taking advantage of multiple cores
         • assign each process part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle
         • split a process into seperate tasks and assign a task to each processor allowing multiple processors to execute a task simultaneously

8. GPU

   • primary purpose is to process images, but also are used for AI applications, oil exploration, financial transaction due to their high-speed capacity
   • either stand alone graphic cards or integrated on the mother board
   • have a parallel architecture made up of thousand of smaller more efficient cores that can complete tasks simultaneously