Organic Chemistry (Aliphatic)

Organic Chemistry (Aliphatic)

1. Carboxylic Acid (RCOOH)

   • Formation
     • Oxidation of Aldehydes
     • Hydrolysis of Esters, AC, nitriles, amides
   • P.Prop
     • H-bond → soluble in organic solvents and water
   • RCOOH + PCL5 → RCOCl + POCl3 + HCl
     • Formation of Acyl Chloride (RCOCl)

2. Esters (R'COOR)

   • Formation
     • C.A + A: Reflux, Strong acid
     • AC/AA + A: Reflux, Dry
       • AA less reactive → slower, less toxic, less exothermic
   • C.Prop
     • Relatively unreactive
   • Hydrolysis break O bridge
     • Acidic: Reversible
     • Basic: 1D, Water soluble ionic salt formed, then react with HCl
   • Uses
     • Nice smell
     • Solvent
     • Plasticisers
     • Saponification - Alkaline Hydrolysis of triglycerol esters
     • Biodiesel

3. Amides (RCONH2)

   • Hydrolysis
     • +H2O → RCOOH + NH3
     • +HCl → RCOOH + NH4Cl
     • +NaOH → RCOONa + NH3
   • Reduce to primary amines

4. Nitriles (RCN)

5. Aldehydes (RCHO)

   • Formation
     • Oxi of primary Alcohols
     • Reduction of CA
   • Easily oxidised

6. Ketones (R'COR)

   • Oxi of secondary alcohols
   • Resistant to oxidation

7. Acyl Chlorides (RCOCl)

   • +Amines → N-substituted amides
   • +Ammonia → Amide
   • → Esters

8. Alcohol (ROH)

9. Identification Tests