The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table

1. Know 6 Groups

   • Alkali (means basic) Metals; Alkaline Earth Metals; Transition elements (D block elements); Halogens, Noble Gases
     • Transition metals are not just in the "D" block; They "bleed" over
     • Noble Gases are called noble because they don't do anything like royalty

2. Period Vs. Group

   • Groups go vertically and elements in the same group have similar properties
   • Periods go horizontally; the period indicates the energy level of the valence electrons

3. Atomic Size

   • Across Periods you are adding a proton and an a electron to the elements which adds attraction to the nucleus and "pulls" the element in closer making the radius smaller
   • Down a group, the atomic radii gets larger because an energy level is being added to the atoms as they go down

4. Ionization Energy

   • Definition: energy required to pull away an electron (to make an ion)
   • Lowest: Fr
   • Highest: F

5. Electronegativity

   • Definition: the relative ability of an element's atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond
   • Octet Rule: atoms gain, lose, or share elctrons to aquire a full set of 8 valence electrons
   • An electron's Group # (1-8) indicates the number of valence electrons

6. Scientists that Contributed to the Periodic Table

   • Henry Mosely
   • Dmitri Mendeleev

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