Programming

Programming

1. Algorithms

   • Solving problems 1 step at a time
   • Processors can only process 1 instruction at a time
   • Mainly expressed as a flow chart
     • Symbols

2. Pseudocode

   • Used for planning algorithms
   • Should allow a programmer to write it in any language
   • Key words written in capital letters (eg INPUT,IF, WHILE)

3. High Level/ Low Level Programming

   • Low Level is understood by the processor
     • Machine Code
       • binary codes for each instruction and register location
     • Assembly Language
       • Code specific to a type of processor
         • eg INP, LDA, Out
   • High Level has to be translated
     • Uses languages that is easier to understand by humans
     • eg Python, BASIC, Javascript

4. Translation

   • Assembler
     • Turns assembly language into machine code
     • Only can be used in low level programming
   • Compiler
     • Creates an executable file to run the program
     • Once is compiled it doesn't need the original source coe
     • Would be used for proprietary software
   • Interpreters
     • Executes the source code directly
     • Used when creating a program
     • Would be used on open source software

5. Control Flow

   • Sequencing
     • The order through an algorithm
   • Selection
     • IF THEN ELSE to control the flow
   • Iteration
     • WHILE or FOR Loop

6. Data Types

   • Variables or constant
     • Variable changes during the program eg score
     • Constant stays the same eg Pi
   • Integers and real numbers
     • Integer is a whole number
     • Read (sometimes called float) can have decimals places
   • Arrays are lists if the same type
   • Operations are mathematical symbols eg < > = + - * /

7. Testing

   • Logical error
     • Human error with the construction of the algorithm
   • Run-time error
     • An error in the program eg stuck in the loop
   • Syntax error
     • Not a correct command for the coding language being used

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