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GCSE AQA Chemistry 2 Salts & Electrolysis
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GCSE AQA Chemistry 2 Salts & Electrolysis
Acids & Alkalis
- Acid: substance with pH less than 7, form H+ ions in water
- Base: substance with pH greater than 7
- Alkali: base that dissolves in water, form OH- ions in water
- Neutralisation: acid + base --> salt + water
- Acids & metals
- Acid + metal (oxide/hydroxide) --> salt + hydrogen
- Ammonia
- Dissolves in water --> alkaline solution
- Ammonia + Nitric acid --> Ammonium nitrate
- Ammonium nitrate - good fertiliser, has nitrogen from 2 sources, plants need nitrogen to make proteins
Making salts
- Making soluble salts using a metal/insoluble base
- Filter out excess, evaporate & crystallise
- Making soluble salts using an alkali
- Neutralise, repeat to remove indicator, evaporate & cystallise
- Making insoluble salts - precipitation reactions
- Filter salt out, wash & dry
- Making soluble salts using a metal/insoluble base
Electrolysis
- Splitting up with electricity - requires electrolyte
- Contains free electrons - conduct electricity
- Needs flow of electrons, electrons taken away at +ve electrode & given to other ions at -ve electrode
- Oxidation & reduction
- Oxidation Is Loss of electrons
- Reduction Is Gain of electrons
- Reactivity affects products formed
- At -ve electrode - if metal ions & H+ ions present, metal ions will stay in solution if metal is more reactive than hydrogen - keener to stay as ions
- At +ve electrode - if OH- & halide ions are present, molecules of chlorine formed, if no halide, oxygen formed
- At -ve electrode - if metal ions & H+ ions present, metal ions will stay in solution if metal is more reactive than hydrogen - keener to stay as ions
- Electrolysis of Sodium Chloride solution produces...
- Hydrogen
- Chlorine
- Bleach & plastics
- Sodium hydroxide
- Soap
- Extraction of aluminium
- Cryolite lowers temp, & costs
- Electrodes made of carbon - CO2 - 'eaten away'
- Aluminium forms at -ve electrode Oxygen forms at +ve electrode
- Electroplating
- At -ve electrode - metal object you want to plate
- At +ve electrode - pure metal
- At -ve electrode - metal object you want to plate
- Splitting up with electricity - requires electrolyte
Informações
- Descrição
- Mind map showing information about acids, alkalis, making salts, electrolysis, extraction of aluminium and electroplating.
- Criado por
- Lilac Potato
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