Mapa mental

Chemical Composition of the body

Alma Cariño Espanhol

Conteúdo do mapa

Atoms , Ions and Chemical Bonds
- Atoms Structure
  - Nucleus is the center of the atom
    - Protons and Neutrons
      - Protons (Positive Charge)
        Atomic Number
      - Neutrons (Neutral Charge)
      - Mass Number
  - Electron (Negative Charge )
    - Valence Electrons
    - Outside of the nucleus
    - Orbitals
      - Energy Levels
- Molecules
  - Interactions of valence electrons between 2 or more atoms
    - Produce Chemical Bonds
      - Isotopes
        Different Forms
        Atomic Number Equal and Atomic Mass Distinct
      - Covalent
        Atoms share their valence atoms
        Nonpolar
        Electrons are distributed equally between the two atoms
        Polar
        It has a positive pole and one negative
        Water in the body
        Water and Hydrogen
- Ionic Bonds
  - 1 or more valence electrons of an atom are transfered
    - Electrons are not share
    - The fist atom losses its electrons
      - Then it has a positive charge
        It is called cation
    - The second atoms has a negative charge
      - It is called Anion
  - They are weaker than covalent bonds
- Hydrogen Bonds
  - Weak Attraction
    - Hydrogen atom forms a polar covalent bond with a oxygen or nytrogen atom
      - Hydrogen atom with a slight positive charge
      - the other is a electronegative atom
Acid, base and pH
- Acids
  - Donate Hydroge ions to the solution
    - Increase the concentration of H+
      - So reduce the pH BELOW 7
- Bases
  - Ion concentration decreases in a solution of Hydrogen
    - Lessen the concentration of H+
      - Increase the pH above 7
- pH Scale
  - A negative function of the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration
    - Neutral Solution
      - H+ concentration is equal to the concentration of OH-
        pH is 7
Organic molecules
- Carbon and Hydrogen Atoms present in covalent bonds
Carbohydrates and Lipds
- Carbohydrates
  - Consist of simple sugars
    - Monosaccharides
    - Dissacharides
    - Polysaccharides
- Lipds
  - Ketones
    - Are derived smaller of fatty acids
  - Phospholipids
    - Contains phosphate
      - Have a hydrophilic polar group
        The remainder of the molecule is hydrophobic
      - EXAMPLE lecithin
  - Steroids
    - Lipids structure of four charactericts rings
    - Hormones of the adrenal cortex and gonads
  - Prostaglandins
    - Family of cyclic fatty acids
      - Perform a variety of regulatory functions
  - Triglycerides
    - Consists of 3 fatty acid molecules
      - Attached to a GLYCEROL molecule
Proteins
- Combained with Carbohydrates , lipids and other molecules
- Structure
  - Composed of long chains of amino acids
    - attached by covalent peptide bonds
      - Amino Group
      - Carboxyl Group
      - Functional Group
  - The polypeptide chain can rotate and form a helix
    - Flex and Bend to form the tertiary structure of the protein
Nucleic Acids
- DNA composed of 4 nucleotides
  - Contein the deoxyribose sugar
    - Consist of 2 polynucleotide chains
      - Attached by Hydrogen bonds between their bases
- RNA Consists of four nucleotides
  - Contains the ribose sugar
    - Adenine
    - Guananine
    - Cytosine
    - Uracil
  - Consists of a single polynucleotide chain