B2: Genetic Engineering

B2: Genetic Engineering

1. 1: Modification of bacteria to make human insulin

   • 1) Extract a bacterial plasmid using enzymes.  2) Extract human insulin gene from a human cell. 3) Insert insulin into plasmid.  4) Put plasmid back in bacterial cell.  5) Bacteria multiply and produce insulin. 
   • Pros
     • Cheap Vegan friendly
   • Cons
     • Gene mutations Contamination

2. 2: Herbicide Resistance

   • Vegetable crops are given gene to make them resistant to weed killer. 
   • Pros
     • More crop yield
   • Cons
     • Loss of biodiversity Risk of cross pollination Unknown health effects

3. 3: Golden Rice

   • Normal rice plant has 2 extra genes inserted to produce beta-carotene. Beta-carotene is required for the production of Vitamin A. 
   • Pros
     • Prevents Vitamin A deficiency in poor countries.  Because of this there is a lower chance of blindness and poor immune systems.
   • Cons
     • Cross pollination Beta carotene levels too low to be effective Too expensive

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