Mapa mental

Classification of the Immune System

Alma Cariño Espanhol

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Adaptative immune system
- Humoral immunity
  - Mediated by B-cells
    - Matures in the bone marrow
      - Plasma cells
        Secretes antibodies
      - Memory B-cells
        Produce plasma cells that directly secrete IgG antibodies in second exposure to antigen
- Cellular immunity
  - Mediated by T-cells
    - Active other immune cells to fully mature
      - CD8+cytotoxic T-cells
        Induce apoptosis in target cells
      - CD4+ helped T-cells
        Th1
        Activate macrophages to destroy pathogens
        B-cell activation roles
        Th2
        Interacts with B-cells mainly
        Th17
        Fight fungal infections
Innate Immune System
- Response to an initial infection
  - Immediate: 0-4 hours
    - Infection
      - Recognition by preformed, nonspecific and broadly specific effectors
        Removal of Infectious agent
- Consists of Cells and Proteins
  - Main components
    - Physical epithelial barriers
    - Phagocytic leukocytes
    - Dendritic cells
    - Special type ok lymphocyte - Natural Killer cell (NK)
    - Circulating plasma proteins
Active Immune System
- Injection a person with
  - Antigens
- Source of antibodies
  - The person inoculated
- Method
  - Injection with
    - Attenuated pathogens
    - Their toxins
- Time to develop resistance
  - 5 to 14 days
- Duration of resistance
  - Long (Perhaps years)
- When used
  - Before Exposure to pathogen
Passive Immune System
- Adquiere from the transfer of antibodies
  - Produce by other person
- protection decreases in a short time
  - Weeks or months
- Acquired Immunity
  - Naturally
    - Antibodies pass from mother to fetus
      - Via placenta
      - To infant in her milk
  - Artificially
    - Injection of immune serum
      - Gamma globulin