Blood

Blood

1. General

   • Transport Vehicle
   • 5% more viscous than water
   • pH range between 7.35-7.45
   • 5-6L in men
   • 4-5 L in women
   • 8% of body weight
   • 2 of 3 formed elements are not true cells
     • RBCs no Nuclei
     • Platlets are cell fragments
     • Leukocytes are true cells

2. Structure

   • 55% Plasma
   • 1% Platelets & Leukocytes
   • 45% Erythocytes

3. Function

   • Distribution
     • Hormones
     • Oxygen/Nutrients
     • Waste
   • Regulation
     • Body Temp
     • Tissue and blood pH
     • Fluid Volume
   • Protection
     • Blood Clots
     • Prevents Infection

4. PLASMA

   • 90% Water
   • Electrolytes
   • Plasma Proteins
     • Albumin (60%)
       • Made by Liver
       • Maintain Osmotic Pressure
     • Globulins (36%)
       • Alpha & Beta
         • Made in Liver
         • Transport Proteins
       • Gamma
         • Antibodies released during immune response
       • Fibrogen (4%)
         • Made by Liver
         • Forms Clots
     • Nonprotein Nitrogenous Substances
       • by-producsts of cellular metabolism
     • Nutrients (Organic)
       • Materials absorbed in digestive tract
     • Respiratory Gases
     • Hormones

5. ERYTHOCYTES

   • STRUCTURE
     • 7.5 micrometers
     • Flattened Discs
     • Lack Nuclei
     • Contain Haemoglobin (hb)
       • 97% is hb
     • 4 Polypeptide Chains
       • 2 alpha
       • 2 beta
     • Iron Molecule in center
     • bound by plasma
     • Antioxidants allow springy shape
   • GENERAL
     • Major contributor to blood viscosity
     • Generate ATP via anareobic processes
   • FUNCTION
     • Transport respiratory gases
     • Normally 13-18 grams per 100ml
     • hb allows easy binding and unbinding of oxygen
       • Oxygen attached Oxyhb
       • No Oxygen Deoxyhb
       • CO2 attached Carbaminohb

6. LEUKOCYTES

   • GENERAL
     • 4800 - 10800 per micorliter of blood
     • Can leve capillaries through diapedesis
       • CASUES INFLAMMATION
     • Can move through tissue after leaving capillary via ameoboid motion
       • Forming cytoplasmic extensions
       • find target cell through postivie chemotaxis
     • Never Let Moneys Eat Bananas
   • Two Types
     • Granuloctes
       • Neutrophil (50-70%)
         • Phagocytize Bacteria
         • Multilobed Nuclei
         • 10-12 micrometers
         • cytoplasmic granules
         • inconspicuous
       • Eosinophil (2-4%)
         • Kill paracitic worms
         • role in allergies and asthma
         • Biolbed nuclei
         • 10-14 micrometers
         • red cytoplasmic granuels
       • Basophil (0.5-1%)
         • contain Heperin
           • anticoagulant
         • Release Histamine and other mediators of inflammation
         • Bilobed Nuclei
         • Large Purple-black cytoplasmic granules
         • 10-14 micrometers
     • Agranulocytes
       • Lymphocyte (25-45%)
         • T or B cell
         • Mount Immune response
           • direct attack
           • antibodies
         • spherical nuclei
         • pale blue cytoplasm
         • 5-17 micrometers
       • Monocyte (3-8%)
         • Phagocitize
         • Develop into macrophages
         • Kidney Shaped Nucleus
         • Grey/blue cytoplasm
         • 14-24 micrometers