Chemistry Unit 1

Chemistry Unit 1

1. 1) Fundamental Chem

   • Atoms
     • ALMOST weigh nothing
     • Made from subatomic particles
     • Small elements
       • Simplest particles
     • Most of atom is empty space
     • Most mass in nucleus
     • 0 charge
       • protons = electrons
   • Subatomic Particles
     • Electrons
       • Orbit atomic shell
         • Attract to protons
         • electronic configuration
           • shell 1 = 2
           • shell 2 = 8
           • shell 3 = 8
           • incomplete shell = reactive
       • - charge
       • Relative mass = 0.0005
       • Atomic number
     • Nucleus
       • Protons
         • + charge
         • Determines element
         • Relative mass = 1
         • Atomic number
       • Neutrons
         • 0 charge
         • Mass number = protons + neutrons
       • Reletive mass = 1

2. 2) Limestone

   • Uses
     • building
       • St Pauls Cathedral
     • Mortar
       • Cement + sand + water
     • Cement
       • Powder limestone + Powder clay
     • Concrete
       • Cement + sand + water + aggregate
         • (crushed rock)
     • Making glass (quicklime)
     • Improve soil fertility
   • +
     • Weatherproof
     • Soft
     • Supportive
     • Cheap
     • Neutralise acidic lakes/soil
   • -
     • Not wear resistant
     • Damaged by acid rain
     • Quarrying is loud
       • Produces dust = bad health
     • Weak - needs steel reinforcement
   • Limestone cycle

3. 4/5) Crude Oil

   • Fractional distillation
     • 1)Heated crude oil piped in
     • 2) Vapourised oil rises
     • 3) Different fractions are constantly tapped at the different levels at which they condense
   • mixture of unbonded hydrocarbon molecules
     • fuels, e.g. petrol and diesel
     • so they all keep original properties
       • e.g. condensing point
   • Cracking
   • Properties/Uses
     • Different fractions = different properties/structure
     • SEE GOCONQR NOTES AND REVISION CARDS
   • Fuel
   • fossil fuel
     • buried remains of plants/animals
       • extracted from earth

4. 6) Plant Oils

5. 7) Earth & Atmosphere

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