CHEMISTRY Y7 - Particles & Solutions

CHEMISTRY Y7 - Particles & Solutions

1. Seperating Mixtures

   • Chromatography
     • Separates different coloured substances - others are more soluble and travel further up the paper
   • Distillation
     • Separates 2 liquids or liquid from a solution - liquid with highest boiling point evaporates then condenses into another beaker
   • Filtration
     • Separates an insoluble solid from a liquid - liquid is the filtrate and the solid is the residue
   • Evaporation
     • Separates a soluble solid from a liquid - liquid evaporates at a certain temperature and the result is the solid

2. Solvents & Solutions

   • Solvent
     • A liquid substance in which a solute dissolves into
   • Solute
     • A solid substance that dissolves into a solvent
   • Solution
     • A mixture formed when a solute has dissolved into a solvent
   • Soluble
     • Describes a substance that will dissolve
   • Insoluble
     • Describes a substance that will not dissolve
   • Saturated
     • A solution in which no more solvent can be dissolved

3. States of Matter

   • Solid
     • > Regular Arrangement > Vibrate in a fixed position > Very close (cannot be compressed) > Strong bonds
   • Liquid
     • > Random Arrangement > Move around (can flow) > Close (cannot be compressed) > Weak bonds
   • Gas
     • > Random Arrangement > Move quickly in all directions > Far apart(can be compressed) > No bonds
   • Changes of State
     • Losing Energy
       • Condensing: Gas to Liquid
         • Stop moving quickly in all directions can only move around eachother
       • Freezing: Liquid to Solid
         • Stop moving around eachother and only vibrate on the spot
     • Gaining Energy
       • Melting: Solid to Liquid
         • Start moving around eachother
       • Evaporating/ Boiling: Liquid to Gas
         • Start moving quickly in all directions

4. Atoms, Elements, Compounds & Mixtures

   • Atoms
     • Atoms are an example of composite particles and are composed 3 sub-particles: electrons, protons, neutrons.
       • They are like tiny balls
   • Elements
     • Atoms in a particular element are always the same as eachother
       • Atoms in an element which are chemically joined are named molecules
         • • Oxygen Molecule: 2 oxygen atoms chemically joined
         • • Helium: Made of pure helium atoms
   • Compounds
     • Compounds contains atoms of 2+ more different elements that are chemically joined
       • • Water Molecule of compound: 1 oxygen & 2 hydrogen atoms chemically joined
   • Mixtures
     • Mixtures contain 2+ more different elements or compounds that are not chemically joined together
       • • Mixture of Elements
       • • Mixture of Compounds
       • • Mixture of Elements & Compounds

5. Density

   • Measure of Compactness
   • Density (g/cm3) = mass / volume
   • Solid
     • High Density - tightly packed
   • Liquid
     • Slightly High Density - close together
   • Gas
     • Low Density - far apart
   • Floating
     • When object is less dense than liquid
   • Sinking
     • When object is more dense than liquid

6. ·

   • Cooling Curve

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