Sight Words

Sight Words

1. 3 Theories of Reading

   • Frith
     • Logographic Phase
       • Visual cues - perceive words as whole or logograms
       • not able to decode words as there is not phonological awareness
       • Example: Brand names - Coca-Cola, Pepsi
     • Orthographic Phase
       • is able to process parts of the print from sigh memory
     • Alphabetic phase
       • Print-Processing letters of the alphabet
       • Child learns to distinguish the shapes and names or sounds
   • Ehri - Practicing
     • Pre-Alphabetic Phase
       • Depend on visual cues before recognising words Example Pictures, Logos
       • associate general shape with meaning
     • Partial Alphabetic Phase
       • know some letters and sounds
       • Identify 1st and last letter and guess the words
     • Full Alphabetic Phase
       • increase their amount of words and have extensive knowledge of the alphabetic system
       • Practice - become better, decoding automatic
     • Consolidated Alphabetic Phase
       • decrease memory load, rely on consolidating letters
     • Automatic Phase
       • Reading Automatic and increase fluency
       • focus on meaning of text
       • Go through 4 phases to form in memory
     • The word will become a sight word making room for reader to learn more words and increase vocabulary
     • exposed to phoneme - sound and grapheme - visual representation
     • connection will help in spelling and pronounciation
     • Able to - identfy, spell and read
   • Adams - Comprehension
     • Semantic
       • to consider possible meanings and to choose the correct one
     • Orthography
       • ability to identify between letters and shapes - helps in decoding and encoding words
       • Work in parallel
     • Phonology
       • retrieve information from speech sounds - phonological and phonemic awareness
     • Context
       • to give an interpretation to the text. Puts all the processors together due to understanding
     • The 4 skills must be co-ordinated, access to printing - familiar to text

2. Environmental Reading

   • as soon as children are born they are faced with written language Ex: Street signs, Labels, Candy wrapper
   • tied to oral language skills
   • when older they come across the printed text

3. Exposure

   • the more exposure the more they learn the words
   • 10 times repetition to become a sight word
   • Learning Difficuties - 40 times
   • accurate first guesses increases the sight words

4. Definition

   • are words that are first seen, recognised and then are repeated accurately as a whole unit and not sounding out individual letters
     • Recognise at a glance from memory - photographic memory
       • Accurate and fluent reader
       • Reading becomes easier and faster
       • Automatic recognition

5. Consists

   • Spelling
   • Pronounciation
   • Typical role in that particular sentence
   • Meaning

6. Connections

   • Grapho-semantic
     • Meaning, learn by rote, earliest form
   • Grapho-phonemic
     • Pronunciation, knowledge of the alphabetic system