Biology Recap

Biology Recap

1. Body Systems

   • Blood
     • Platelets
       • Small pieces of cell which clot blood at the wound
         • The platelets bind together with strands of proteins call Fibrin
           • This heals the wound and prevents further blood loss
     • White Blood Cells
       • Ingests microbes
       • Deals with infections
     • Red Blood Cells
       • Contain Haemoglobin
         • Made of iron
         • A reversable reaction
         • Oxyhaemoglobin is formed when bonded to 4 oxygen molecules
       • Have no nucleus
     • Plasma
       • A liquid which transports soluble substances
       • Salts and hormones are dissolved in plasma
       • Carries heat energy around the body
   • Lungs
     • Gas Exchange
     • Alveoli
   • Heart
     • Valves
     • 4 Chambers
     • Entry and exit of the blood

2. Enzymes....

   • ....become denatured and don't die
   • ....work best at one particular pH and Temperature. This is their optimum
   • ....are a biological catalyst
   • ....are affected by 6 factors...
     • Pressure
     • Surface area
     • Substance Concentration
     • Enzyme Concentration
     • Temperature
     • pH

3. Plants

   • Organs and Tissue
     • Plants and Leaves
       • Stoma
   • Transportation happens through...
     • Xylem (Larger)
     • Phloem (Smaller)
     • Roots
     • Transpiration
     • Active Transport

4. Health

   • Cancer
     • Tumors
       • Mallignant
         • Spread around the body in the bloodstream
         • Can get into healthy tissue and form secondary tumors
         • They are dangerous, cancerous and can be fatal
       • Benign
         • Masses of abnormal cells which stay in one place and aren't normally dangerous
     • Carcinogen
       • A substance capable of causing cancer in a living tissue
   • Effects of lifestyle...
     • Diet
     • Excercise
     • Alcohol
     • Smoking
   • Congenital Heart Disease