OSI Layer Model

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Application - Ensures effective communication with applications. eg HTTP FTP

Presentation - Appropriate for recipient, format file transfers.

Session - Manages setup between communicating end points. (Manages the connection)

Transport - Concerned with the establishment and termination of connections between network entities, via routers. It is responsible for providing a reliable flow of data across the network. Uses TCP and UDP protocols.

Network - Provides links to transmit datagrams across different networks. Not concerned with the individual network types, and thus is an essential feature of the internet. IP protocol is used at this level and defines the nature of addresses and directs the datagrams from one router to another.

Data Link - Handles moving of data. Makes network hardware independent to be able to work over Ethernet or copper cable, etc.

Physical - Responsible for sending bits from one device to another. Does not care about the meaning of the bits. Responsible for the transmission and reception of the signal.