C4 - created from Mind Map

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Atomic structure

Bonding

Electrons: negative, 0

Neutrons: neutral, mass = 1

Protons: positive, mass = 1

Compounds are substances in which atoms of two, or more, elements are not just mixed together but chemically combined. This is known as Bonding.

Chemical reactions between elements involve either the giving and taking, or sharing, of electrons in the highest occupied energy levels of atoms.

https://youtu.be/R0g-H1dcfnY

Covalent Bonds

Ionic bonding

Metallic Bonding

When non-metals react together both atoms need to gain electrons to obtain a full shell of electrons. The atoms are held together by shared pairs of electrons. The shared pair of electrons is a covalent bond.

Methane is formed from one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. Each carbon has four outer electrons and each hydrogen atom has 1 outer electron.

Sharing gives both types of atom full outer shells.

An ionic bond is formed when electrons are lost and gained by two or more atoms.

formed between metals and non - metals.

When atoms gain electrons they become negative ions

When atoms lose electrons they become positive ions

Metallic bonding = positive metal ions are held together by electron clouds.

Metals conduct electricity because... The electrons are free to move through the structure

The melting points decrease as you go down the group. The atoms get larger as you go down the group (because they have more shells of electrons).

1 electron in the outside shell

As you go down the group, they get even softer