Networking

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Virtual Circuit

A short VC number also called as VCID (virtual circuit identifier) is a type of identifier which is used to distinguish between several virtual circuits in a connection oriented circuit switched network.

Routing Algorithms

shortest path algorithm

distance vector routing

link state routing

RIP( Routing information protocol) for dynamic routing.

Multi-destination routing

more than one receiver

list of destinations

Multi-destination routing is also used in broadcasting.

Congestion Control Protocol

traffic aware routing

admission control

load shedding

ICMP

Used by networking devices to send error messages and operational information indicating a host or router cannot be reached.

IP by itself cannot report errors.

UDP( User datagram Protocol)

used for those purposes where speed matters most whereas loss of data is not a problem. So it is connectionless.

TCP

is a connection-oriented protocol.

uses a three way handshake to establish a connection.

receives data from application as a single stream.

optimized for accurate delivery rather than timely delivery.

www, email, file transfer etc rely on TCP

Socket-style API for windows

winsock

Port

Network port identifies the application or service running on the computer.

Port number is 16 bits.

The combination of IP address preceded with the port number is called the socket address.

Multiplexing technique that shifts each signal to a different carrier frequency.

FDM