Creative Technologies 3rd Quarter

Week 1- 3D MODELING

• 3D modelling is used in a variety of applications to make representations of physical objects on the computer. 3D modelling is a subset of Computer Aided Design (CAD), in which you use a computer to assist in the design process for any type of design work.
• The Computer model is used to communicate dimensions, material types, etc. to anyone viewing the design, and can be used to make control paths for Computer Numerical Controlled ( CNC). It is an intermiediary step between having an idea and making it real. It can be used to create an interactive design of an object or surface that represents a real-life design.
• THE HISTORY OF 3D MODELING
• Founder of Geometry- Euclid
• Invented analytic geometry and called coordinate geometry which is foundational to 3D earthworks modeling - French Mathematician Rene Descartes
• - Electromagnetic distance measurement (EDM)
• - Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) ^ both for steel bands and invar tapes to give way to technologies^
• Developed Matrix Mathematics that display reflections or light distortions- James Joseph Sylvester and Arthur Cayley
• -CAD turns survey data into a 3D model
• -GPS allows engineers to pinpoint precise locations
• -LIght Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) a remote sensing technology that uses a pulsed laser to measure variable distances
• -Aerial photogrammetry enables engineers to extract topographical data from aerial photographs taken by drones
• - Point-cloud modeling, involves laser scanning technology to create a set of three-dimensional data points used to create a model
• 3D MODELS USED FOR
• - Planning buildings using architectural visualization
• -Giving 3D tours in the real estate sector
• - Creating video games and movies
• -Conducting academic research
• 1. Machine Control - Instead of using traditional survey stakes, machine operators can see the job site on a screen while in the cab. A system of sensors guides the machine based on the 3D model's measurements.
• 2. Site Layout- Including the location of utility equipment and landscape elements.
• 3. Progress reports and as-builts- useful for communicarting project progress and creating as-bulits, which are revised drawings submitted at a project's completion.
• TYPES OF MODELING
• Solid modeling - works with three-dimensional shapes. The shapes may vary, but they act together like building blocks. Some of these blocks add material while other subtract, depending on the input.
• Wireframe modeling - can help in cases where the surface is complex and cruved. Eventually, you'll find that the basic building blocks of solid modeling are too obtuse for some applications, and wireframe modeling provides the finesse for more complex forms. However, as complexity rises, some drawbacks emerge.
• Surface modeling - the next step up in complexity. Highly professional applications demand smooth surfaces and seamless integration, and this can be handled more advanced programs. ​​​​​​​

Week 2 - Solid Tools

• LESSON 1 . CONVERSION OF 2D TECHNICAL DRAWINGS TO 3D MODELS
• TOOLS
• Outer Shell- Leaves only the outer faces of overlapping solids.
• Union - Combines two or more solids into a single form
• Subtract - One solid removes part of another and is deleted
• Trim - One solid trims another but remains in the model
• Intersect - Leaves only the intersecting geometry
• Split - Splits solids along intersecting geometry
• Solid Inspector - A utility that helps you prepare models for 3D printing

Week 5 - Roundhouse Floorplan

• Circular roof - is a type of roof that is shaped like a circle or a portion of a circle. It is typically used in architecture for both functional and aesthetic purposes.
• Dome roof - is a circular roof that is hemispherical in shape, meaning that it resembles half of a sphere.
• Ogee roof - An ogee roof is a circular roof that had a concave and convex shape, creating an S-like curve.
• Onion dome roof - Is a circular roof that is bulbous in shape. often used in Eastern Orthodox and Islamic architecture.
• Turret roof - is a circular roof that is typically used on towers or turrets, often found in castles and other historic buildings.
• Round Houses
• The oldest form of indigenous shelter was often round in shape. Samples are the Southwest USA Hogan, Mongolian Yurt, and North American Tepee. A wind and tsunami waves move naturally around a circular structure. The natural thermodynamics of a round structure's open-at-the-top architecture uses no external energy to circulate temperature.
• Circular Structures use less floor, wall and roofing materials. It soften sound inside the building by the acoustic of round space
• Circular Roofs
• - avoids ' air-planning'
• - unique combination of flexibility and strength
• - Long roof spans are possible without any internal support system
• Geometry
• Center - it will be your reference for objects, lines and other elements relating to the circle
• Radius - It indicates the distance of the arc or circle from your reference point
• Diameter - It identifies the extent of the circle from two farthest points of the circle
• Angle - It will be your guide for symmetry and distribution of elements ( columns, position of doors or windows, location of partitions)
• Parallel & Perpendicular Lines - this will help plan better by providing linear distance instead of angles
• Radial & Circular Pattern - can be a guide in the positioning of design elements in relation to the circle. Radial pattern forms the objects toward the center of a circle. Circular pattern aligns objects in a concentric matter.

Week 7&8 - BRIDGES

• Bridges by Structure
• The core structure of the bridge determines how it distributes the internal forces of tension, compression, torsion, bending and sheer.
• Arch Bridges - use arch as a main structural component ( arch is always located below the bridge, never above it) Main core component of it is its abutments and pillars
• Beam Bridges - employ the simplest of forms, one or several horizontal beams that can either simply span the area between abutments or relieve some of the pressure on structural piers.
• Truss Bridge - a very popular bridge design that uses a diagonal mesh of most often triangle-shaped posts above the bridge to distribute forces across almost entire bridge structure.
• Cantilever Bridge - are somewhat similar in appearance to arch bridges, but they support their load, not through a vertical bracing but through diagonal bracing with horizontal beams that are being supported only on one end.
• Tied Arch Bridges - similar to arch bridges, but they transfer the weight of the bridge and traffic load to the top chord that is connected to the bottom cords in bridge foundation.
• Suspension Bridges - utilize spreading ropes or cables from the vertical suspenders to hold the weight of bridge deck and traffic. Very popular all around the world. Dramatically respond to the forces of wind, earthquake or even vibration of on-foot or vehicle traffic.
• Cable-Stayed Bridges - use deck cables that are directly connected to one or more vertical columns ( called towers or pylons) that can be erected near abutments or in the middle of the span of the bridge structure.

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