Solutions, Concentration and Limestone

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When a substance is dissolved in a suitable liquid a solution is formed

- substance that is dissolved = solute

- substance that dissolves solute = solvent

there is a limit to how much solute can be dissolved in a particular solvent (amount varies with temperature)

- when a solvent has dissolved as much solute as it can it is saturated

solubility of a substance depends on:

- nature of solute

- nature of solvent

- temperature

litres = dm3

number of moles/molarity = volume in dm3

1dm

1dm3 = 1000cm3

1cm3 = .001dm3

if

if given mass of solute use molar mass to figure out how many moles there are

then use the volume or molarity to figure out the unknown molarity/volume

don't forget about empirical formula when figuring out how many moles there are

- form of calcium carbonate

- other forms: chalk, marble, calcite

- has many uses and can be converted into other calcium compounds

Uses:

- neutralize acid soils

- stone sculptors use it because:

= it carves really well

= beautiful

= lasts for a really long time

construction:

- glass,

- concrete

- cement

Medicine

Toothpaste

Added to Bread

Vital in Extraction of Iron

Made from remains of cells of sea creatures

formed under the sea

acid + calcium carbonate = neutral solution

finding an alternative as good as limestone is difficult

calcium carbonate can be processed

decomposes into carbon dioxide and calcium oxide

calcium oxide is used in the manufacturing of steel

Rea

1. Calcium Carbonate is heated

= CaO (+ CO2)

2. Water is added to the product

CaO + H2O = Ca(OH)2

3. Carbon dioxide is bubbled through the limewater

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 = CaCO3 + H2O

First, memorize that all common Group 1A metal ionic compounds (that which contain Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs) are soluble.

First, memorize that all common Group 1A metal ionic compounds (that which contain Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs) are soluble.

Then memorize that all common NH4 (ammonium) ionic compounds are also soluble in water. Compounds with an H+ cation (like HCl, hydrochloric acid) also tend to be soluble, as these are generally acids.

N

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCIRAPzHTfA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCIRAPzHTfA

Solutions

Concentration of Solutions

Limestone

Solubility