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Quiz

GI - Evolutionary adaptations

hanna sayedi 15 perguntas

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Perguntas do quiz (15)

  1. 1Describe the different GI adaptations of the domestic species

    • Carnivores
    Dog / Cat
    • Predators or scavengers
    • High [blank_start]energy[blank_end] content
    • Easily [blank_start]digestible[blank_end]
    • [blank_start]Simple[blank_end] digestive tract
    • [blank_start]Long[blank_end] interval between short meals
    • Spacious stomach for storage
    1. Aenergy
    2. Bdigestible
    3. CSimple
    4. DLong
  2. 2Describe the different GI adaptations of the domestic species

    • Herbivores
    Ruminants / Horses
    • Browsers or grazers
    • [blank_start]Low[blank_end] energy content
    • [blank_start]Microbial[blank_end] digestion
    • Digestive tract adapted for fermentation
    • Continuous eating
    • 2 digestive strategies:
    • [blank_start]Foregut[blank_end] fermenters
    • [blank_start]Hindgut[blank_end] fermenters
    1. ALow
    2. BMicrobial
    3. CForegut
    4. DHindgut
  3. 3Describe the different GI adaptations of the domestic species
    • Omnivores
    Pigs
    • Diet consists of both plant & animal origin
    • Large species variation in digestive tract
    • Bears range from herbivore to carnivores
    • Degree of fermentation occurs in [blank_start]large[blank_end] intestine
    1. Alarge
  4. 4Describe the differences in the fermentation process of herbivores
    Fermentation
    • [blank_start]Non[blank_end]-[blank_start]hydrolysable[blank_end] carbohydrate
    • Requires [blank_start]microbial[blank_end] degradation in absence of [blank_start]oxygen[blank_end] = fermentation
    • [blank_start]Long[blank_end], [blank_start]slow[blank_end] process

    Digestive tract adapted:
    • To allow [blank_start]microbial[blank_end] population to thrive
    • To ensure [blank_start]slow[blank_end] transit of food to allow [blank_start]fermentation[blank_end]
    1. ANon
    2. Bhydrolysable
    3. Cmicrobial
    4. Doxygen
    5. ELong
    6. Fslow
    7. Gmicrobial
    8. Hslow
    9. Ifermentation
  5. 5Foregut fermenters
    • Cattle / Sheep = Ruminants
    • Stomach modified into [blank_start]fermentation[blank_end] chamber
    • Very efficient fermentation
    • Fermentation products [blank_start]absorbed[blank_end] in [blank_start]stomach[blank_end]
    • Microbial protein can pass into [blank_start]abomasum[blank_end] & [blank_start]small[blank_end] [blank_start]intestine[blank_end] for digestion / absorption
    1. Afermentation
    2. Babsorbed
    3. Cstomach
    4. Dabomasum
    5. Esmall
    6. Fintestine
  6. 6Hindgut fermenters
    • Horses (& rabbits)
    • [blank_start]Large[blank_end] intestine modified into [blank_start]fermentation[blank_end] chamber
    • Moderately efficient fermentation
    • Fermentation products absorbed in [blank_start]colon[blank_end]
    • Microbial protein lost in [blank_start]faeces[blank_end]
    • Rabbits practice [blank_start]coprophagy[blank_end]
    1. Afermentation
    2. BLarge
    3. Ccolon
    4. Dfaeces
    5. Ecoprophagy
  7. 7Comparative differences in the fermentation process
    • Hind-gut fermentation [blank_start]70[blank_end]% as efficient as fore-gut fermentation
    Microbes less efficient
    Lower degree of [blank_start]amylolytic[blank_end] fermentation
    Hind-gut fermenters lose [blank_start]microbial[blank_end] protein in faeces

    • HOWEVER gut-transit time in fore-gut fermenters dependent on rate of [blank_start]fermentation[blank_end] and can’t be reduced whatever the nutrient quality of the fibre
    1. A70
    2. Bamylolytic
    3. Cmicrobial
    4. Dfermentation
  8. 8Why do horses on abundant poor quality forage decrease gut transit time and therefore consume more

    • Ruminants more efficient on [blank_start]good[blank_end] quality forage
    • Horses more efficient on abundant [blank_start]poor[blank_end] quality forage
    • If forage is in short supply (as in most natural competitive situations) ruminants predominate
    1. Agood
    2. Bpoor
  9. 9Describe the different nutritional strategies of ruminants

    Ruminant nutritional strategies
    • Fruit, seeds, buds, young shoots & leaves high in hydrolysable carbohydrate (simple sugars)
    • Stems, blades, older leaves high in fibre (complex carbohydrates)

    • Ruminants have 3 nutritional strategies:
    Browsers ([blank_start]concentrate[blank_end] selectors)
    E.g. smallest ruminants, giraffes, most deer

    Grazers ([blank_start]grass[blank_end] / [blank_start]roughage[blank_end] eaters)
    E.g. cattle, sheep, hippos, most antelope

    Intermediates ([blank_start]adaptable[blank_end] feeders)
    E.g. goats, elk, moose, reindeer, camels, some antelope
    1. Aconcentrate
    2. Broughage
    3. Cgrass
    4. Dadaptable
  10. 10Ruminant adaptation
    Browsers
    • [blank_start]Narrow[blank_end] muzzle
    • [blank_start]More[blank_end] mobile lips / tongue
    • [blank_start]Smaller[blank_end] forestomach
    • Ruminant browsers retain [blank_start]functional[blank_end] [blank_start]oestophageal[blank_end] [blank_start]ventricular[blank_end] [blank_start]groove[blank_end]
    • Small intestinal glucose absorbtion remains high

    Growers
    • [blank_start]Wide[blank_end] muzzels
    • [blank_start]Less[blank_end] mobile lips/ tongue
    • [blank_start]Larger[blank_end] fore stomach
    • Ruminant grazers [blank_start]lose[blank_end] functional oetophageal ventricular groove
    • Small intestinal glucose absorption [blank_start]declines[blank_end]
    1. ANarrow
    2. BMore
    3. CSmaller
    4. Dfunctional
    5. Eoestophageal
    6. Fventricular
    7. Ggroove
    8. HWide
    9. ILarger
    10. JLess
    11. Klose
    12. Ldeclines

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GI Quiz sobre GI - Evolutionary adaptations , criado por hanna sayedi em 31-01-2019.
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