Quiz
Exercise Physiology
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1A single exercise bout
- AResults in a chronic stress imposed on body functions
- BFirstly stimulates the effector control system
- CLeads to functional improvements in effector control systems
- DResults in an acute stress on body functions
2Homeostasis is
- AThe loss of iron when a red blood cell ruptures
- BThe maintenance of a constant, unchanging, internal environment in unstressed conditions
- CA balance achieved between metabolism and exercise demands
- DThe integration of control mechanisms during exercise of the increasing intensity
3An increase in heart rate from the supine body position to standing reflects (select all that apply)
- APredominantly an increase in VO2 max
- BShifts in central blood volume with a decrease in diastolic filling
- CA sudden decrease in stroke volume with increased compensatory heart rate
- DPredominantly an increase in blood pressure
4During incremental, submaximal exercise
- AThere is generally a linear relationship between workload and heart rate and VO2
- BThere is a non-linear relationship between workload and VO2
- CThere is a curvilinear relationship between workload and VO2
5In the first 5-10 seconds of high intensity exercise
- AA lactate molecule splits to release the predominant energy used for muscle contraction
- BCreatine phosphate splits to release energy for muscle contraction and reconstitute ATP
- CADP splits to form ADP + Pi and free energy for muscle contraction
6Phosphocreatine is stored
- Ain the liver
- Bin adipose tissue
- Cin muscle fibres
- Din the liver and pancreas
7In the reaction CP + ADP ----> ATP + C
- Alactate dehydrogenase is the enzyme that facilitates the reaction
- Bhexokinase is the enzyme that facilitates the reaction
- Ccreatine kinase is the enzyme that facilitates the reaction
- DATP is generated in the Krebs cycle
8All enzymes that catalyze reactions of anaerobic glycolysis are located in
- Athe mitochondria of muscles
- Bthe electron transport system
- Cthe sarcoplasm
- Dthe liver only
9During anaerobic glycolysis 1 blood glucose molecule produces
- A32 ATP
- B130 ATP
- Ca net of 2 ATP
- Da net of 4 ATP
10The lactic acid system is primarily recruited for maximal efforts lasting
- A5-10 seconds
- B2-3 minutes
- C60-100 seconds
- D20-50 seconds
11The ATP-PC system is the dominant energy system used in
- A400m sprint on the track
- B100m freestyle sprint swim
- Chammer throw
- D100m sprint on the track
12The fuels used in glycolysis are
- AATP-PC
- Bfats and proteins
- Cfats only
- Dcarbohydrates
13During anaerobic glycolysis
- Abeta-oxidation produces a high ATP yield
- Bpyruvic acid is reduced to form lactic acid plus a net 2 ATP
- C1 mole of glucose provides 130 ATP
- Doxygen combines with pyruvate to form 32 ATP
14The key enzymes in anaerobic glycolysis are activated by
(select all that apply)- Aincreased amounts of ADP and falling CP stores
- Bincreased calcium from the sarcoplasma reticulum
- Cincreased fatty acid mobilization
- Dfalling amounts of ADP and rising amounts of CP storage
15The conversion of pyruvate to lactate
- Aallows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+
- Bis catalyzed by pyruvate kinase
- Cproduces a H+
- Dis detrimental to performance
16During an incremental exercise test it can be said that VO2 max has been achieved when
- Aventilation rate achieves 90% of maximal values
- Bheart rate achieves 90% of maximal values
- Cincreases in oxygen uptake plateau despite increasing workloads
- Dspeed of work rate slows
17Blood is [blank_start]4.5 - 5.5[blank_end] times more viscous than water
- A4.5 - 5.5
- B2 - 3
- C8
- D4
- E2.5 - 3.5
18Normal hematocrit values for men are [blank_start]42%[blank_end] and for women are [blank_start]38%[blank_end]
- A42%
- B50%
- C40%
- D44%
- E52%
- F38%
- G40%
- H45%
- I36%
19The main function of the red blood cell is to
- Acombat infection and viruses
- Btransport glycogen to the working muscles
- Ctransport iron stores to the working muscles
- Dtransport hemoglobin which carries oxygen to the tissues
20Erythropoietin, which is formed in the kidneys is stimulated by_________________________
(select all correct answers)- Adecreasing O2 tension in the tissues
- Bvitamin E deficiency
- Ctissue hypoxia
- Dincreasing CO2 tension in the alveoli
21Polycythemia
- Ais a large increase in red blood cell production
- Bis a large increase in white blood cell and platelet production
- Cdescribes conditions related to tissue hypoxia
- Dis associated with premature destruction of red blood cells
22One gram of hemoglobin combines with
- A2.68 ml⋅O2
- B3.96 ml⋅O2
- C1.34 ml⋅O2
- D5.05 ml O2
23Average hemoglobin values in blood for men and women (adults) are
- A12 grams Hb and 17 grams Hb/decilitre of blood respectively
- B16 grams Hb and 13 grams Hb/decilitre of blood respectively
- C11 grams Hb and 14 grams Hb/decilitre of blood respectively
- D14 grams Hb and 11 grams Hb/decilitre of blood respectively
24The average hemoglobin value for (adult) men is [blank_start]16[blank_end] g/dL
The average hemoglobin value for (adult) women is [blank_start]13[blank_end] g/dL- A16
- B13
25The parasympathetic vagus nerve
- Aacts as the cardiac accelerator, speeding heart rate
- Bacts to slow the rhythm of the heart
- Ccontrols respiration rate
26The anticipatory rise in heart rate prior to the commencement of an exercise task is due to
- Aemotional stimulation of cardiac accelerator centres and circulating catecholamines
- Bincreased vagal nerve activity
- Cpotassium release from muscles during exercise
- Dpre-stretch on the SA node as cardiac return is facilitated
27During the cardiac cycle the QRS complex represents
- Aatrial depolarisation only
- Bdepolarisation of the ventricles only
- Crepolarisation of ventricles only
- Ddepolarisation of the ventricles and atrial repolarisation
28Blood pressure is dependent upon
- Aviscosity of blood, length of the vascular system and radius of the blood vessel
- Bthickness of the blood vessel walls, muscle hypertrophy and length of the vascular system
- Cthe size of red blood cells, length of the vascular system, oxygen consumption in contracting muscle
29Calculate the mean arterial pressure for BP of 120/80
- A93 mmhg
- B200 mmhg
- C40 mmhg
- D66.3 mmhg
30Calculate MAP for the following BP values (without decimals):
BP = 110/70 ; MAP = [blank_start]83[blank_end] mmhg
BP = 145/90 ; MAP = [blank_start]108[blank_end] mmhg
BP = 126/75 ; MAP = [blank_start]92[blank_end] mmhg
BP = 115/80 ; MAP = [blank_start]92[blank_end] mmhg
BP = 120/80 ; MAP = [blank_start]93[blank_end] mmhg- A83
- B108
- C92
- D92
- E93
31Cardiac output is the product of
- Aheart rate and systolic blood pressure
- Bheart rate and diastolic blood pressure
- Cheart rate and pulse pressure
- Dheart rate and stroke volume
32During moderate level exercise stroke volume increases by
- Aneural control of heart rate and a faster cardiac cycle
- Bincreased venous return and a more forceful contraction of the heart
- Ca decrease in blood pressure and a shorter diastole
33Stroke volume is at its maximum
- Aat approximately 90% of VO2 max
- Bat approximately 40% of VO2 max
- Cat approximately 100% of VO2 max
- Dat approximately 70% of VO2 max
34Following severe exercise the majority of lactic acid is removed by
- Aincreasing sweat rate
- Breverse glycolysis in the liver
- Coxidization in the mitochondria of muscle
- Dincreased urine production
35Glycolytic rate is inhibited by
- Alactic acid accumulation and reduced pH
- Bincreased calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Cdecreased ratio of PC/ATP
- Ddecreased creatine phosphate concentration during muscle contraction
36Increased phosphocreatine breakdown is activated by
- Aincreased levels of ATP
- Bincreased levels of CP storage
- Cincreased phosphate storage
- Dincreased levels of ADP and decreasing ATP
37During high intensity exhaustive exercise lasting up to 2 minutes
- Alactic acid in muscles decreases pH and impairs muscle contractile
processes - Blactic acid in muscles increases pH and muscle tension
- Clactic acid in muscles increases pH but activates glycolysis
- Dhigh lactic acid concentrations activate phosphofructokinase increasing glycolytic rate
- Alactic acid in muscles decreases pH and impairs muscle contractile
38At the onset of moderate to high intensity continuous exercise
- Athe aerobic energy system predominates in providing the energy for muscle contraction
- Bthere is equal contributions from all the energy systems
- Cthe ATP – PC system supplies the energy for at least the 1st minute of heavy exercise
- Dthe ATP – PC and then the lactic acid systems provide the greatest proportion of energy for the first 1 ½ minutes
39On achievement of steady state metabolism during exercise
- Athe body’s ATP requirement is met by equal contribution from protein, carbohydrate and fat fuels
- Bthe body’s ATP requirement is met by aerobic metabolism
- Cthe body’s ATP requirement is met by glycolysis alone
- Dthe breakdown of creatine phosphate and lactate provides the major contribution to energy output
40During the cardiac cycle, ventricular contraction is activated by
- Athe sinoatrial node
- Bthe atrioventricular node and Purkinji fibres
- Cthe sinoatrial node and interventricular septum
- Dthe sinoatrial node and the bundle of His
41Cardiac output values in maximal exercise for untrained vs. trained men may be respectively:
- Auntrained 32 litres / min, trained 33 litres / min
- Buntrained 40 litres / min, trained 50 litres / min
- Cuntrained 15 litres / min, trained 20 litres / min
- Duntrained 22 litres / min, trained 34 litres / min
42Stroke volumes achieved by untrained males at rest and during exercise could be 70 mls/beat and 110 mls/beat respectively. Values at rest and in maximal exercise for TRAINED MALES may be respectively:
- A70 mls/beat; 110mls/beat
- B90 mls/beat; 120mls/beat
- C100mls/beat; 180 mls/beat
- D60 mls/beat; 130mls/beat
43The partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in blood leaving the left and right ventricles of the heart are respectively:
- AArterial: PO2 150 mmHg; PCO2 40 mmHg
Venous: PO2 60 mmHg; PCO2 50 mmHg - BArterial: PO2 110 mmHg; PCO2 30 mmHg
Venous: PO2 50 mmHg; PCO2 30 mmHg - CArterial: PO2 100 mmHg; PCO2 40 mmHg
Venous: PO2 40 mmHg; PCO2 46 mmHg - DArterial: PO2 200 mmHg; PCO2 40 mmHg
Venous: PO2 100 mmHg; PCO2 60 mmHg
- AArterial: PO2 150 mmHg; PCO2 40 mmHg
44The partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in blood leaving the left and right ventricles are:
Arterial: PO2 [blank_start]100[blank_end] mmHg; PCO2 [blank_start]40[blank_end] mmHg
Venous: PO2 [blank_start]40[blank_end] mmHg; PCO2 [blank_start]46[blank_end] mmHg- A100
- B40
- C40
- D46
45With increasing rates of work, the arterial-mixed venous oxygen difference will respond in which of the following ways?
- AIncreased arterial content, reduced mixed venous oxygen content
- BNo change in arterial content, reduced mixed venous oxygen content
- CDecreased arterial content, increased mixed venous oxygen content
- DNo change in arterial content, no change in mixed venous oxygen content
46Increases in acidity, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and red blood cell 2,3-DPG
- Acause increased HbO2 formation
- Bhave no effect on the effectiveness of haemoglobin to bind oxygen
- Cincrease haemoglobin’s effectiveness to bind oxygen
- Ddecrease haemoglobin’s effectiveness to bind oxygen
47Alveolar ventilation refers to:
- Athat portion of air remaining in the alveoli after a maximal exhalation
- Bthe total volume of air breathed per minute
- Cthe total volume of gas exchanged between arterial and mixed venous blood
- Dthat portion of the minute ventilation that enters the alveoli and is involved in gaseous exchange
48Minute ventilation or the amount of air expired in one minute (VE) can be calcuated by multiplying
- Ainhalation volume x dead space volume
- Bbreaths per minute x tidal volume
- Cbreaths per minute x dead space volume
- Dbreaths per minute x alveolar volume
- Etidal volume x volume expired per minute
49A typical partial pressure for oxygen in the alveoli is
- A159 mmHg
- B40 mmHg
- C104 mmHg
- D60 mmHg
- E35 mmHg
50A typical value for arterial-venous oxygen difference at rest is
- A5mL
- B10mL
- C14mL
- D16mL
- E8mL
51Movement of air from the environment to the lungs occurs via a process known as
- Aintrapleural pressure
- Brespiratory gas exchange
- Cbulk flow
- Dair flow
52Inspiratory reserve volume
- Ais the volume of gas inspired or expired during an unforced respiratory cycle
- Bis the volume of gas that can be inspired at the end of a tidal inspiration
- Cthe volume of gas left in the lungs after a maximal expiration
- Dthe volume of gas that can be expired at the end of a tidal expiration
53The dissociation of O2 with hemoglobin for uptake by exercising muscle can be facilitated by
- Aincreasing breathing rate and heart rate
- Bthe action of carbonic anhydrase
- Ca decrease in blood pH and an increase in body temperature
- Dan increase in blood pH and a decrease in body temperature
54[blank_start]Metabolism[blank_end] is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body; while [blank_start]bioenergetics[blank_end] is the process of converting foodstuffs (fats, proteins, carbohydrates) into energy.
- AMetabolism
- BBioenergetics
- CBioenergetics
- DMetabolism
55enzymes are complex protein structures that act as catalysts -- regulating the [blank_start]speed[blank_end] of reactions by [blank_start]lowering[blank_end] the activation energy.
- Aspeed
- Blowering
56The metabolic process of converting foodstuffs into a biological usable form of energy is called
- Abioenergetics
- Bmetabolism
- Cglycolysis
- Dcoupled reactions
57By definition, an endergonic reaction is
- Aa chemical reaction that requires energy to be added to the reactants before the reaction will take place.
- Ba chemical reaction that gives off energy.
- Can enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
- Da chemical reaction that results in products that are identical in structure.
58Coupled reactions are defined as
- Areactions that are linked together via the same enzyme
- Breactions that are linked together, with the liberation of free energy in one reaction being used to drive the second reaction.
- Creactions that are not directly linked together but are require the same enzyme.
- Dreactions that are linked together because they act upon common substrates.
59Enzymes are catalysts that increase the rate of reactions by
- Apulling two substrates together.
- Blowering the energy of activation.
- Cbinding to a substrate and producing energy.
- Dbinding to a substrate and releasing protons.
60Enzymes called kinases are responsible for
- Aremoving electrons from substrates
- Badding hydrogens to substrates
- Cadding phosphate groups (i.e., phosphorylation of substrates)
- Denzymes that catalyze the transfer of protons from one molecule to another
61Stored polysaccharides in muscle and other tissues in animals are called
- Aglucose
- Bfructose
- Cglycogen
- Dcellulose
62Fats that are stored in muscle and adipose tissue and play an important role as an energy substrate are
- Aphospholipids
- Bcholesterol
- Ctriglycerides
- Dlipoproteins
63The immediate source of energy for muscular contraction is
- ANAD
- BFAD
- CATP
- DGTP
64The simplest and most rapid method of producing ATP during exercise is through
- Aglycolysis
- BATP-CP system
- Caerobic metabolism
- Dglycogenolysis
65If muscle glycogen is the initial substrate, the net production ATP resulting during glycolysis is.
- A2 molecules
- B3 molecules
- C32 molecules
- D33 molecules
66The two most important hydrogen (electron) carriers in bioenergetic chemical reactions are
- ANAD and ATP
- BFAD and ATP
- CNAD and FAD
- DNAD and LDH
67The primary function of the Krebs cycle is to
- Acomplete the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins (i.e., form NADH and FADH)
- Bproduce ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation
- Cprime glycolysis for the production of ATP
- Dproduce H2O and ATP
68Aerobic production of ATP occurs in the
- Amitochondria in a process called glycolysis
- Bmitochondria in a process called oxidative phosphorylation
- Cmitochondria in a process called beta oxidation
- Dcytoplasm
69Each pair of electrons passed through the electron transport chain from NADH to oxygen releases enough energy to form
- A1.5 ATP
- B2.5 ATP
- C5.0 ATP
- D10.0 ATP
70The total ATP tally from the aerobic breakdown of glucose is
- A32 ATP
- B36 ATP
- C38 ATP
- D39 ATP
71The calculated efficiency for aerobic respiration is approximately
- A0%
- B34%
- C100%
- D66%
72The activity of creatine kinase is increased by a rise in ____ levels in the muscle fiber
- ANAD
- BATP
- CADP
- Dlactate
73The rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis is
- Alactate dehydrogenase
- Bhexokinase
- Cphosphofructokinase
- Dpyruvate kinase
74The rate limiting enzyme in the Krebs cycle is
- Aisocitrate dehydrogenase
- Bhexokinase
- Csuccinate dehydrogenase
- Dcytochrome oxidase
75The rate-limiting enzyme in the electron transport chain is
- Aphosphofructokinase
- Bisocitrate dehydrogenase
- Cmyosin ATPase
- Dcytochrome oxidase
76The process of beta-oxidation involves
- Abreaking down stored triglycerides to FFA
- Bthe addition of oxygen to a fatty acid
- Cthe breakdown of a fatty acid to acetyl-CoA
- Dnone of these
77The caloric (kcal) yield of one gram of protein is approximately
- A4 kcal/g
- B7 kcal/g
- C9 kcal/g
- Dthe same as that of one gram of fat
78A high level of ________ in the muscle fiber would slow glycolysis by inhibiting its rate limiting enzyme.
- AADP
- BATP
- CPi
- Dnone of the above answers are correct.
79Rate limiting enzymes are often located
- Anear the beginning of a metabolic pathway
- Bnear the end of a metabolic pathway
- Coutside of the main metabolic pathway
- DNone of the above answers are correct
80Elevated blood levels of lactate dehydrogenase may assist in the diagnosis of which medical condition?
- APaget's disease
- Bpancreatitis
- Cmuscular dystrophy
- Dmyocardial infarction
81Which of the following statements about glycolysis is correct?
- Aglycolysis occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
- Bglycolysis involves the breakdown of glucose or glycogen into two molecules of pyruvate or lactate
- Cglycolysis can start with the breakdown of fatty acids.
- Dglycolysis does NOT produce any ATP.
82In general, the higher the intensity of the activity, the greater the contribution of
- Aaerobic energy production.
- Banaerobic energy production.
- Cthe Krebs cycle to the production of ATP by substrate level phosphorylation.
- DNone of the above answers are correct.
83The conversion of pyruvate to lactate requires
- Athe enzyme lactate dehydrogenase.
- BNADH + H+.
- CA and B are correct.
- DNone of the above answers are correct.
84The term lactate refers to
- Aa potential end-product of glycolysis.
- Bthe conjugate base of lactic acid.
- Cthe salt of lactic acid.
- Dall of the above answers are correct.
85Body temperature increases slightly during exercise. A 1-2O C increase in muscle temperature during exercise would likely
- Aincrease enzyme activity.
- Bdecrease enzyme activity.
- Cdenatures enzymes.
- Dnone of these answers are correct.
86The primary purpose of the Krebs cycle is to
- Acomplete the oxidation of foodstuffs using NAD and FAD as hydrogen (electron) carriers.
- Bcatalyze the phosphorylation of ADP from creatine phosphate.
- Coxidize foodstuffs and transfer those electrons to pyruvic acid.
- Dconvert lactate to pyruvate.
87Which of the following statements is true concerning the electron transport chain?
- AThe primary purpose of the electron transport chain is to complete the oxidation of carbohydrates.
- BThe primary purpose of the electron transport chain is to produce acetyl-CoA.
- CThe primary purpose of the electron transport chain is to harvest the energy from electrons moving down this pathway to produce ATP and water.
- DThe end-result of the electron transport chain is the formation of lactate.
88The actual net ATP yield from aerobic metabolism of one molecule of glucose is different from the theoretical yield because
- Athe net production of ATP is higher than previously thought.
- Bit accounts for the fact that the energy provided by NADH and FADH is required not only for ATP production but also to transport ATP across the mitochondrial membrane.
- Cit eliminates the ATP derived from NADH.
- DAll of these answers are correct
89Three molecules of NADH are produced during one turn of the citric acid cycle. How many total ATP molecules can be produced from these three NADH molecules?
- A1.5 ATP
- B2.5 ATP
- C5.0 ATP
- D7.5 ATP
90Compared to NADH, FADH produces less ATP because
- AFADH has a lower molecular mass than NADH
- BFADH enters the electron transport chain before NADH
- Cthe electrons from FADH are donated later in the electron transport chain than those by NADH
- DNone of the above answers are correct
91In order to be oxidized for the eventual formation of ATP, amino acids must first be converted to Acetyl-CoA or Krebs cycle intermediates.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
92Compounds that contain carbon are called inorganic compounds.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
93The field of molecular biology is concerned with understanding the regulation of proteins.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
94Cellular reactions that give off energy are called exergonic reactions.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
95The breakdown of glycogen into glucose is called gluconeogenesis.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
96Free radicals are molecules that contain an unpaired electron in their outer orbital.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
Informações
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- Mid-Semester Exam Prep
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- Crystal CP
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