Questão 1
Questão
Psychological researchers study genetics in order to better understand the ________ that contributes to certain behaviors.
Responda
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biology
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neurology
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psychology
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physiology
Questão 2
Questão
A difference in ________ can explain why one person dies from a disease and another person survives.
Responda
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behavior
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evolution
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genetics
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nurture
Questão 3
Questão
Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.
Responda
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chromosomes; DNA
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chromosomes; genes
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DNA; genes
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genes; DNA
Questão 4
Questão
Wendy’s mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy’s ________ must be ________ and her father’s must be Bb.
Responda
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genotype; Bb
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genotype; bb
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phenotype; Bb
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phenotype; bb
Questão 5
Questão
Polygenic means that most traits are controlled by ________.
Questão 6
Questão
The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.
Responda
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axons; terminal buttons
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dendrites; synaptic vesicles
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terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles
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terminal buttons; transport proteins
Questão 7
Questão
The myelin sheath consists of a(n) ________.
Responda
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axon
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glial cell
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soma
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terminal button
Questão 8
Questão
The space between two neurons is called the ________.
Responda
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soma
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synapse
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terminal button
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vesicle
Questão 9
Questão
Agonists bind to ________ and antagonists bind to ________.
Responda
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receptors; nothing, since they do not bind
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receptors; receptors
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receptors; the cell membrane
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the cell membrane; receptors
Questão 10
Questão
In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell.
Questão 11
Questão
Hyperpolarization means that the ________.
Questão 12
Questão
________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.
Responda
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action potential
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depolarization
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hyperpolarization
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threshold of excitation
Questão 13
Questão
Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse?
Responda
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break down into inactive fragments
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collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release
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drifting away from the synapse
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reuptake
Questão 14
Questão
Psychotropic medications are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring ________ balance.
Responda
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emotional
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GABA
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neurotransmitter
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serotonin
Questão 15
Questão
Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?
Responda
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dopamine; acetylcholine
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dopamine; norepinephrine
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serotonin; GABA
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serotonin; glutamate
Questão 16
Questão
________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.
Responda
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acetylcholine
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beta-endorphin
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GABA
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norepinephrine
Questão 17
Questão
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.
Questão 18
Questão
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.
Responda
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autonomic; somatic nervous systems
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autonomic; sympathetic nervous systems
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central; peripheral nervous systems
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parasympathetic; sympathetic nervous systems
Questão 19
Questão
The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.
Responda
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autonomic
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parasympathetic
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somatic
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sympathetic
Questão 20
Questão
The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.
Responda
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autonomic
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parasympathetic
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somatic
-
sympathetic
Questão 21
Questão
________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.
Responda
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homeostasis
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resting potential
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reuptake
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synergy
Questão 22
Questão
Which of the following is not a part of the fight or flight response?
Questão 23
Questão
The brain contains ________ of interconnected neurons and glia.
Responda
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billions
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tens of thousands
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thousands
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millions
Questão 24
Questão
The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________.
Responda
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brainstem
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internal organs
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peripheral nerves
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spinal cord
Questão 25
Questão
The ________ is the deep groove that separates the brain into two halves
Responda
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central gyrus
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central sulci
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hemisphere
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longitudinal fissure
Questão 26
Questão
Which of the following higher level processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?
Responda
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breathing
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emotion
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memory
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reasoning
Questão 27
Questão
Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain
Responda
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Broca’s area
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hippocampus
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thalamus
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Wernicke’s area
Questão 28
Questão
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage’s accident, which led to brain injury?
Responda
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Frontal lobe injury causes people to be incapable of controlling their emotional impulses.
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Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, but specific brain areas are not linked to specific behaviors.
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Injury to the frontal lobe does not affect behavior.
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Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.
Questão 29
Questão
The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________.
Responda
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cognition and emotion
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language, such as speech
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motor information to body areas, such as arms, legs, and face
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temperature, touch, and pain
Questão 30
Questão
Broca’s area is located in which lobe of the brain?
Responda
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frontal
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occipital
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parietal
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temporal
Questão 31
Questão
Which of the following senses is not routed through the thalamus?
Responda
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audition
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smell
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taste
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vision
Questão 32
Questão
Which of the following is not a forebrain structure?
Responda
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amygdala
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hippocampus
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pons
-
thalamus
Questão 33
Questão
Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents’ hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for ________ memories.
Responda
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basal ganglia; childhood
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basal ganglia; emotional
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limbic system; childhood
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limbic system; emotional
Questão 34
Questão
The ________ is involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories.
Responda
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amygdala
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corpus callosum
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hypothalamus
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pons
Questão 35
Questão
________ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior.
Responda
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acetylcholine
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dopamine
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glutamate
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serotonin
Questão 36
Questão
Which of the following is not a hindbrain structure?
Responda
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amygdala
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cerebellum
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medulla
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pons
Questão 37
Questão
The ________ extends through the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.
Responda
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cerebellum
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medulla
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pons
-
reticular formation
Questão 38
Questão
The ________ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills.
Responda
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cerebellum
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sensory cortex
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substantia nigra
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ventral tegmental area
Questão 39
Questão
The ________ connects the brain and the spinal cord.
Responda
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cerebellum
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corpus callosum
-
medulla
-
pons
Questão 40
Questão
The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ________.
Responda
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factors
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hormones
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neurotransmitters
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proteins