2911304
Questão 1
Questão
which of the following substances acts at the NMJ to excite the muscle fibers of the motor unit?
Responda
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acetylcholine
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creatine
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ATP
Questão 2
Questão
a college volleyball player begins resistance training for the first time. what muscle fiber types will hypertrophy first?
Responda
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fast twitch
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slow twitch
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muscle spindle
Questão 3
Questão
a 22 yr old soccer player begins resistance training for the first time. his chosen exercises include those for all major muscle groups. after 3 weeks, he notices an increase in lower extremity strength. which of the following best explains this athletes
Responda
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improved motor control
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increased hypertrophy
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increase cross section area
Questão 4
Questão
which of the following results from adding resistance training to a marathoners aerobic exercise training program?
Responda
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short-term endurance may improve
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max o2 uptake increases
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max o2 uptake decreases
Questão 5
Questão
a bundle of muscle fibers is called
Responda
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fasiculus
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motor unit
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tetanus
Questão 6
Questão
to which of the following structures do the cross-bridges attach during muscle action?
Responda
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actin
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myosin
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m- bridge
Questão 7
Questão
which of the following substances regulates muscle actions?
Responda
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calcium
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potassium
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phosphorus
Questão 8
Questão
which of the following best describes what occurs during a concentric muscle action?
Responda
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resistance is greater than muscle force
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resistance is equal to muscle force
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resistance is less than muscle force
Questão 9
Questão
which of the following will increase force produced during a concentric muscle action?
Responda
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agonist prestretching
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more calcium released in the myofibril
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both of these
Questão 10
Questão
the knee joint can be described as
Responda
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synovial
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cartilaginous
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multiaxial
Questão 11
Questão
which of the following defines power?
Responda
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force * velocity
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mass * acceleration
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force * distance
Questão 12
Questão
to compare performances of lifters of different body weights, the classical formula divides
Responda
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body weight to the 2/3 power
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the lift by body weight
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body weight squared
Questão 13
Questão
a vertical jump involves knee, hip, and shoulder movement in primarily which plane?
Responda
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sagittal
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frontal
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transverse
Questão 14
Questão
a person is performing a concentric isokinetic elbow flexion and extension exercise. which of the following types of levers occur at the elbow during this exercise?
Responda
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first class and third class
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second class and third class
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first class and second class
Questão 15
Questão
resistance exercise programs designed to stimulate new bone formation should emphasize all of the following EXCEPT
Responda
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variation in exercise selection
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progressive overload
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metabolic specificity
Questão 16
Questão
a 17 year old HS cross country runner has been training aerobically for 6 months in preparation for the upcoming season. which of the following adaptations will occur in the muscles during that time?
Responda
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increased concentration of glycolytic enzymes
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hypertrophy of type I fibers
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increased type II fibers
Questão 17
Questão
which of the following is NOT a primary function of cartilage?
Responda
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aids in the attachment of muscle to bone
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connects bones together
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improves shock absorption in joints
Questão 18
Questão
which of the following occurs as a result of a combination of heavy resistance training and aerobic training?
Responda
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increased cartilage thickness
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decreased cartilage thickness
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joint degeneration
Questão 19
Questão
in general, which of the following types of tissue has the poorest blood supply?
Responda
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cartilage
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tendon
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muscle
Questão 20
Questão
which of the following is the ultimate source of energy for contraction?
Responda
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ATP
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NADH
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O2
Questão 21
Questão
which of the following can be metabolized anaerobically?
Responda
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carbohydrate
-
fat
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protein
Questão 22
Questão
the energy system used depends primarily on the athlete's
Responda
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exercise intensity
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exercise duration
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body composition
Questão 23
Questão
the production of lactic acid results from the activation of
Responda
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fast glycolysis
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the phosphagen system
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fat oxidation
Questão 24
Questão
which of the following pathways/systems has the highest rate of energy production?
Responda
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phosphagen system
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fat oxidation
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fast glycolysis
Questão 25
Questão
in the oxidative system approximately how many ATPs are produced from the degradation of 1 glucose molecule?
Responda
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38
-
41
-
36
Questão 26
Questão
which of the following pathways/systems supports the initiation of all exercise?
Responda
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phosphagen system
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fast glycolysis
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slow glycolysis
Questão 27
Questão
which of the following enzymes catalyzes the rate limiting step of glycolysis?
Responda
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PFK
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lactate dehydrogenase
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phosphorylase
Questão 28
Questão
following a bout of resistance exercise training, acute hormonal secretions provide all the following information to the body EXCEPT the
Responda
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amount of physiological stress
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metabolic demands of exercise
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type of physiological stress
Questão 29
Questão
which of the following hormones enhance muscle tissue growth
Responda
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growth hormone
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cortisol
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both of these
Questão 30
Questão
growth hormone provides all of the following physiological roles EXCEPT
Responda
-
decreased collagen synthesis
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increased lipolysis
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increased amino acid transport
Questão 31
Questão
which of the following hormones has the greatest influence on neural changes?
Responda
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testosterone
-
IGF
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growth hormone
Questão 32
Questão
through which of the following valves does blood flow after contraction of the left ventricle?
Responda
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aortic
-
pulmonary
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mitral (bicuspid)
Questão 33
Questão
which of the following occurs during the QRS complex of a typical ECG?
Responda
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repolarization of the ventricle
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repolarization of the atrium
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depolarization of the atrium
Questão 34
Questão
in what portion of the lungs does gas exchange occur?
Responda
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alveoli
-
trachea
-
bronchus
Questão 35
Questão
the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during each beat is the
Responda
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stroke volume
-
a-vo2 difference
-
cardiac output
Questão 36
Questão
all of the following normally increase during aerobic exercise EXCEPT:
Responda
-
diastolic blood pressure
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cardiac output
-
end diastolic volume
Questão 37
Questão
which of the following best describes the change in stroke volume during heavy resistance exercise?
Responda
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stays the same
-
increases
-
increases, then plateuas
Questão 38
Questão
the mean arterial pressure is defines as:
Responda
-
average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle
-
average of systolic and diastolic blood pressures
-
average systolic blood pressure during exercise
Questão 39
Questão
high intensity, low repetition resistance training results in which of the following adaptations?
Responda
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decreased capillary density
-
decreased tidal volume
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no change in maximal o2 uptake
Questão 40
Questão
which of the following is an early adjustment to acclimatizing to high altitude?
Responda
-
increased resting cardiac output
-
decreased tidal volume
-
increased stroke volume
Questão 41
Questão
chronic training involving the fast
glycolysis energy system results in improved buffering of which of the following substances?
Responda
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hydrogen ions
-
blood lactate
-
glycogen
Questão 42
Questão
primary training adaptations of elite aerobically trained athletes include the following?
Responda
-
increased capillary density
-
increased running economy
-
decreased blood lactate concentration
Questão 43
Questão
when males and females are compared relative to muscle cross- sectional area, it appears that the potential for force production is:
Responda
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greater in males
-
greater in females
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equal in males and females
Questão 44
Questão
which of the following is the most significant adaptation to chronic resistance training in older adults?
Responda
-
increased muscle mass
-
increased cardiovascular fitness
-
improved blood lipid profile
Questão 45
Questão
an 8 yr old boy has observed dramatic increases in his upper-body strength following 6 months of resistance training. which of the following is most likely to be responsible for this gain?
Responda
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increased size of muscle
-
increased number of muscle fibers
-
improved neuromuscular functioning
Questão 46
Questão
growth cartilage in children is located in all of the following locations EXCEPT:
Responda
-
the diaphysis
-
the epiphyseal plate
-
apophyseal insertion
Questão 47
Questão
all of the following are likely benifits of preadolescent resistance training EXCEPT increased:
Responda
-
muscle hypertrophy
-
bone density
-
resistance to injury
Questão 48
Questão
the condition characterized by a bone mineral density more than -2.5 SD below the young adult mean is called:
Responda
-
osteoporosis
-
osteopenia
-
sarcopenia
Questão 49
Questão
deconditioned college female athletes who participate in sports such as basketball and soccer appear to be at increased risk for developing injuries to the:
Responda
-
knee
-
growth plate
-
back
Questão 50
Questão
an olympic weightlifter attempting a personal record is able to ignore the audience to concentrate solely on her performance. which of the following abilities is this athlete most likely using to perform the lift?
Responda
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selective attention
-
somatic anxiety
-
selective attention
Questão 51
Questão
prior to performing the long jump, an athlete reviews and concentrates on the technique required to jump as far as possible. which of the following strategies is the athlete using to prepare for the jump?
Responda
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focusing on task relevant cues
-
state anxiety
-
MAF
Questão 52
Questão
which of the following is most important to achieving the ideal performance state?
Responda
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personal control
-
broad focus on the activity and the environment
-
fear of failure
Questão 53
Questão
an athletes desire to perform to his/her potential is an example of:
Responda
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intrinsic motivation
-
achievement motivation
-
dissociation
Questão 54
Questão
for the high school football team, if any player squats two times his bodyweight, his name is placed on the wall. this is an example of:
Responda
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positive punishment
-
positive reinforcement
-
negative reinforcement
Questão 55
Questão
how does an athlete's amount, or latitude, of optimal arousal change with limited skill and ability of the activity?
Responda
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it decreases
-
it increases
-
it has no effect
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