Orgins Final Review (HW1-HW7)

Question

What is the Astronomical Unit (AU)?

Answer 1

It is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun.

Answer 2

b. It is the radius of the Solar System.

Answer 3

It is the average distance between two galaxies.

Answer 4

It is the distance between the Earth and the Moon.

Answer 5

Earth, Moon, Solar System, Local Group, Milky Way Galaxy, Local Super Cluster.

Answer 6

b. Earth, Solar System, Local Super Cluster, Local Group, Milky Way Galaxy.

Answer 7

Earth, Milky Way Galaxy, Local Group, Local Super Cluster, Solar System.

Answer 8

Earth, Solar System, Milky Way Galaxy, Local Group, Local Super Cluster.

Answer 9

Atom, Molecule, Cell, Organ System, Organ, Organism.

Answer 10

Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population.

Answer 11

Community, Population, Organism, Organ, Tissue, Cell.

Answer 12

Molecule, Cell, Organ, Population, Ecosystem, Biosphere, Organism

Answer 13

300 (km/s)

Answer 14

300,000 (km/s)

Answer 15

300,000 (m/s)

Answer 16

Wavelength

Answer 17

brightness

Answer 18

very dim because brightness decreases as the square of the distance from the source increases.

Answer 19

very bright because distant sources are brighter in nature.

Answer 20

very dim because photons lose energy as they travel.

Answer 21

very bright because brightness increases as the square of the distance from the source increases.

Answer 22

It will be doubled.

Answer 23

It will be halved

Answer 24

It looks 4 times fainter.

Answer 25

It looks 4 times brighter

Answer 26

A photon with the same orbital energy difference is absorbed.

Answer 27

A photon with less orbital energy difference is absorbed.

Answer 28

A photon with less orbital energy difference is emitted

Answer 29

A photon with the same orbital energy difference is emitted.

Answer 30

The longer the wavelength.

Answer 31

The higher the speed.

Answer 32

The shorter the wavelength.

Answer 33

The lower the speed.

Answer 34

higher, higher, shorter

Answer 35

lower, lower, longer

Answer 36

higher, lower, shorter

Answer 37

lower, higher, longer

Answer 38

Gamma ray, X-ray, UV, Visible, IR, Radio

Answer 39

Microwave, Radio, UV, Visible, X-ray, Gamma ray

Answer 40

Radio, Microwave, IR, Visible, UV, X-ray

Answer 41

Radio, UV, Microwave, Visible, X-ray, Gamma ray

Answer 42

Temperature

Answer 43

Emission-line spectrum

Answer 44

Absorption-line spectrum

Answer 45

Continuous spectrum

Answer 46

Thermal radiation spectrum

Answer 47

The light gets blueshifted (The wavelength becomes shorter).

Answer 48

The light gets redshifted (The wavelength becomes longer).

Answer 49

There is no change in the wavelength of light.

Answer 50

Depending on the type of galaxy, it either gets redshifted or blueshifted.

Answer 51

Type of the object.

Answer 52

The mass and size of the object.

Answer 53

The temperature of the object.

Answer 54

The temperature and size of the object.

Answer 55

No radiation at all.

Answer 56

Emission-line radiation.

Answer 57

Absorption-line radiation.

Answer 58

Thermal (blackbody) radiation.

Answer 59

It starts to emit thermal radiation more strongly at longer wavelengths.

Answer 60

It starts to emit thermal radiation more strongly at shorter wavelengths.

Answer 61

It always stops emitting the.rmal radiation

Answer 62

Since its temperature drops, it starts to emit emission-line radiation.

Answer 63

It absorbs some energy equivalent to the energy difference of levels.

Answer 64

It emits some energy in form of a photon with an energy equal to the energy difference of levels.

Answer 65

It always swaps its energy level with another electron in an upper energy level without absorbing or emitting any photons.

Answer 66

It emits a continuous spectrum of photons with a variety of energies.

Answer 67

Stefan-Boltzmann

Answer 68

Edwin Hubble

Answer 69

Albert Einstein

Answer 70

Heinrich Olbers

Answer 71

We are the center of the Universe because all galaxies are moving away from us

Answer 72

We are not the center of the Milky Way because we our solar system is orbiting the central black hole.

Answer 73

We are not the center of the Universe because space is expanding in all directions, giving the appearance that we are at the center.

Answer 74

We are not the center of the Universe because space is expanding in all directions, giving the appearance that we are at the center. d.

Answer 75

It loses energy as time passes

Answer 76

It contracts since the space it is traveling in is shrinking

Answer 77

It stretches since the space it is traveling in is expanding

Answer 78

It continues to travel in empty space without incident

Answer 79

The universe is not expanding and is in fact getting smaller.

Answer 80

. The universe is actually neither expanding nor shrinking.

Answer 81

Galaxies farther away from us are moving closer to us at higher velocities.

Answer 82

Galaxies farther away from us are moving away from us at higher velocities

Answer 83

Expansion Rate of Space

Answer 84

Electrons and ions cooled off and recombined to form atoms, allowing light to pass.

Answer 85

Electron and ions got hotter causing the atoms to never form, allowing light to pass.

Answer 86

Photons never allowed Hydrogen atoms to form as they continuously ionized them.

Answer 87

The universe is not transparent, but opaque. The light is constantly absorbed and never re-emitted.

Answer 88

They pass through each other

Answer 89

They annihilate each other, resulting in the conversion of matter to energy.

Answer 90

They merge with each other to form a new particle.

Answer 91

They annihilate each other, resulting in the loss of energy

Answer 92

Gravity, Electromagnetism, Strong, GUT

Answer 93

Gravity, Electroweak, Strong, Weak

Answer 94

Gravity, Electroweak, Small, Large

Answer 95

. Gravity, Electromagnetism, Strong, Weak

Answer 96

Space underwent a rapid expansion in a very brief period in the early universe

Answer 97

Space underwent a rapid compression in a very brief period in the early universe

Answer 98

Space underwent a slow expansion in a very long period in the early universe

Answer 99

Space underwent a slow compression in a very long period in the early universe

Answer 100

Because of the rapid compression of space, the Universe had its curvature flattened.

Answer 101

Because of the slow expansion of space, the Universe had its curvature flattened

Answer 102

It doesn’t solve the flatness problem.

Answer 103

Because of the rapid expansion of space, the Universe had its curvature flattened.

Answer 104

It predicts that about 75% of the mass of the baryonic matter ended up in Hydrogen, with about 25% in He.

Answer 105

It predicts that about 380,000 years after the big bang, radiation decoupled from matter and this radiation is now observed as the CMB with a current temperature of about 3 Kelvin

Answer 106

It predicts that temperature drops as the Universe expands.

Answer 107

All of the above.

Answer 108

Cosmic Microwave Background(CMB) radiation

Answer 109

Nuclei of H and He

Answer 110

Planck Era

Answer 111

All of the above

Answer 112

380,000 years

Answer 113

100,000,000 years

Answer 114

10-33 seconds

Answer 115

They both increase with time

Answer 116

They both decrease with time

Answer 117

Matter density decreases but temperature increases

Answer 118

Matter density increases but temperature decreases

Answer 119

greater, expand, less, collapse

Answer 120

less, expand, greater, stay the same

Answer 121

less, expand, greater, collapse

Answer 122

less, stay the same, greater, expand

Answer 123

energy of expansion

Answer 124

gravitational energy

Answer 125

binding energy

Answer 126

All of the above

Answer 127

73% Dark Matter, 23% Dark Energy, and 4% Atoms

Answer 128

73% Atoms, 23% Dark Matter, and 4% Dark Energy

Answer 129

73% Dark Energy, 23% Dark Matter, and 4% Atoms

Answer 130

73% Dark Energy, 23% Atoms, and 4% Dark Matter

Answer 131

The universe will stop expanding and collapse on itself.

Answer 132

The universe will stop expanding and stay the same.

Answer 133

The universe will expand faster and faster.

Answer 134

The universe will stop expanding and then expand even faster

Answer 135

the cosmological principle

Answer 136

Olbers’ Paradox

Answer 137

Gravitational Lensing

Answer 138

Hubble’s Law

Answer 139

In very hot gases rich in Hydrogen atom

Answer 140

In very hot gases at the center of the galaxies

Answer 141

In cold molecular gases

Answer 142

In the less dense hot gas between galaxies

Answer 143

They have no particular shape

Answer 144

They have no spiral arms

Answer 145

They have smooth featureless appearance

Answer 146

They have old stellar population

Answer 147

It is used to tune musical instruments

Answer 148

It is a tuning fork shaped diagram into which galaxies are organized morphologically

Answer 149

It is a way to classify stars within a galaxy

Answer 150

It is the formation model of the Universe

Answer 151

They have many hot, young stars

Answer 152

They have spiral arms

Answer 153

They have large amounts of interstellar matter

Answer 154

They have many hot, young stars & They have large amounts of interstellar matter

Answer 155

cluster's disk

Answer 156

cluster's halo

Answer 157

cluster's center

Answer 158

cluster's edge

Answer 159

Spiral, Elliptical

Answer 160

Elliptical, S0

Answer 161

Irregular, Elliptical

Answer 162

Irregular, Spiral

Answer 163

Spiral, Elliptical

Answer 164

Elliptical, S0

Answer 165

Irregular, Elliptical

Answer 166

Irregular, Spiral

Answer 167

Rich clusters contain hundreds to thousands of member galaxies.

Answer 168

Rich clusters have hot gas and dust

Answer 169

Rich clusters have a ragged, irregular appearance

Answer 170

Rich clusters are roughly spherical

Answer 171

Dark Energy

Answer 172

Electron Degeneracy pressure

Answer 173

Dark Matter

Answer 174

Dark Chocolate

Answer 175

higher than

Answer 176

Nucleosynthesis

Answer 177

photosynthesis

Answer 178

It will explode in a supernova explosion.

Answer 179

It gradually ejects its outer layers to later form a planetary nebula and its leftover core turns into a white dwarf.

Answer 180

It finally turns into a black hole surrounded by a planetary nebula.

Answer 181

It becomes a rotating neutron star that regularly emits pulses of radiation.

Answer 182

1.4 times the mass of the Sun.

Answer 183

3 times the mass of the Sun.

Answer 184

100 times the mass of the Sun.

Answer 185

0.1 times the mass of the Sun.

Answer 186

Nuclear fission in the core.

Answer 187

Nuclear fusion in the core.

Answer 188

Gravitational contraction of the Sun.

Answer 189

Magnetic field of the Sun.

Answer 190

They explode in a supernova explosion and leave a neutron star or a black hole behind.

Answer 191

They turn into a planetary nebula.

Answer 192

They explode in a supernova explosion and leave a white dwarf star behind.

Answer 193

Very massive stars never die. They keep on producing energy forever.

Answer 194

The Big Bang.

Answer 195

The core of low-mass stars.

Answer 196

The core of high-mass stars.

Answer 197

Supernova explosions

Answer 198

The speed of light in distant galaxies.

Answer 199

Temperature of nearby galaxies.

Answer 200

Distance to faraway galaxies .

Answer 201

Rotation curve of the Milky Way galaxy.

Answer 202

Cold molecular gas, Gravitational collapse, formation of disk, protostar phase

Answer 203

Hot molecular gas, Gravitational collapse, formation of disk, protostar phase

Answer 204

Protostar phase, hot molecular gas, gravitational collapse, formation of disk

Answer 205

Cold molecular gas, protostar phase, gravitational collapse, formation of disk

Answer 206

Because protostars do not exist in the nearby Universe

Answer 207

Because protostars are shrouded by gas and dust

Answer 208

Because protostars are black

Answer 209

Because protostars are much smaller than the smallest planets

Answer 210

It is all made of Hydrogen and Helium

Answer 211

98% Hydrogen and Helium and 2% heavier elements

Answer 212

50% Hydrogen and 50% Helium

Answer 213

It is mostly made of metals

Answer 214

Because gravity is not strong enough to cool down the gas at the center of these objects

Answer 215

Because all of these objects explode before being able to form a star

Answer 216

Because gravity is so strong in these objects that prevents the formation of a star

Answer 217

Because their cores never reach hydrogen fusion temperatures

Answer 218

It is a plot of luminosity versus temperature where stars are located

Answer 219

It is a plot of chemical composition of the stars

Answer 220

It is a plot of luminosity versus number of stars

Answer 221

It is a plot of mass versus chemical composition

Answer 222

Radiation pressure

Answer 223

Degeneracy pressure

Answer 224

Osmotic pressure

Answer 225

Peer pressure

Answer 226

It is the time it takes for the atoms of the material to disappear completely

Answer 227

It is the time it takes for half of the atoms in a given sample of the material to decay

Answer 228

It is the time since the big bang for all radioactive materials

Answer 229

It is the time it takes for 80 percent of the atoms of the material to decay

Answer 230

To measure the distance to objects

Answer 231

To measure the temperature of material

Answer 232

To measure the age of material

Answer 233

To measure the metallicity of material

Answer 234

Rocky, dense planets must be found close to the sun

Answer 235

Planets must go around the sun in more or less the same plane

Answer 236

There should exist a lot of gas and dust in inner parts of the solar system close to the sun

Answer 237

Rocky, dense planets must be found close to the sun & Planets must go around the sun in more or less the same plane

Answer 238

Solar Nebula Theory

Answer 239

Collision with another star Theory

Answer 240

Dark Matter Theory

Answer 241

Big bang Theory

Answer 242

The Sun’s magnetic field attracted all the iron in the young Solar System into the region around the Sun

Answer 243

The Sun is made mostly of iron, so gas ejected from its surface cooled and condensed to form iron rich planets

Answer 244

The Sun’s heat made it difficult for other substances such as ices and gases to condense near it

Answer 245

The Sun’s gravity pulled iron and other heavy material inward and allowed the lighter material to float outward

Answer 246

Integration

Answer 247

Differentiation

Answer 248

Materialization

Answer 249

Globalization

Answer 250

Condensation and Outgassing

Answer 251

Outgassing and Collisions

Answer 252

Melting and Collisions

Answer 253

Vaporization and Melting

Answer 254

Because smaller planets do not get hot enough to have an atmosphere

Answer 255

Because smaller planets have a different chemical composition not allowing them to have an atmosphere

Answer 256

Because small planets have weak gravity that makes it difficult for them to hold on to the atmospheres they form

Answer 257

Because smaller planets form at much earlier stages in the formation of Solar System

Answer 258

Doppler Method, transit method and gravitational lensing

Answer 259

Gravitational lensing, laser method and Doppler method

Answer 260

Doppler method, transit method and Dark Matter method

Answer 261

Transit method, Doppler method and laser method

Answer 262

By looking at the blue shifting and red shifting of light

Answer 263

By looking at the change in brightness as the planet moves in its orbit around the star

Answer 264

By looking at the gravitational effects of the star on planet

Answer 265

By looking at the direct images taken from the planet

Answer 266

Mass and size of the planet.

Answer 267

The role of atmosphere.

Answer 268

The role of sunlight.

Answer 269

All of the above.

Answer 270

They have many moons.

Answer 271

They are mostly made up of rocks and metals.

Answer 272

They are bigger and more massive than inner planets.

Answer 273

They have no solid surface.

Answer 274

Oxygen and hydrogen.

Answer 275

Hydrogen and helium.

Answer 276

Oxygen and silicon.

Answer 277

Iron and nickel.

Answer 278

The crust.

Answer 279

The mantle.

Answer 280

The solid inner core.

Answer 281

Crust and solid inner core.

Answer 282

Plate boundaries.

Answer 283

Bottom of the oceans.

Answer 284

Continents.

Answer 285

The Earth's core.

Answer 286

Solar flares.

Answer 287

Current flows in the molten iron core.

Answer 288

Iron content of the Earth's crust.

Answer 289

Motion of charged particles in the atmosphere.

Answer 290

between the orbits of Saturn and Neptine

Answer 291

between the orbits of the Earth and Venus

Answer 292

between the orbits of Earth and Mars

Answer 293

between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

Answer 294

A catastrophic impact with a Mars-sized object 4.5 billion years ago

Answer 295

Orbital capture of a passing celestial body

Answer 296

Aliens put it there

Answer 297

It formed the same time Earth had formed.

Answer 298

There was liquid water on the Earth’s surface 4.5 billion years ago.

Answer 299

There is more CO2 in the atmosphere than in the oceans now.

Answer 300

There is more Oxygen in the atmosphere now than 4 billion years ago.

Answer 301

Oceans formed on the surface of the Earth two thousand years ago.

Answer 302

Comets and asteroids

Answer 303

Plants and bacteria

Answer 304

Much less than

Answer 305

One fourth of

Answer 306

The higher

Answer 307

The colder

Answer 308

Ultraviolet

Answer 309

Gamma rays

Answer 310

Distinctive fossil groups found in Africa and South America

Answer 311

Similarities of geological features and rock ages on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean

Answer 312

Similarities in shorelines

Answer 313

All of the above

Answer 314

Similarities of fossils on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean

Answer 315

Inadequate mechanism of continental movement

Answer 316

Similarities of rock ages in some continents

Answer 317

Continental shoreline similarities

Answer 318

Seafloor is younger near the ridges

Answer 319

The ages of the seafloor are symmetric on either side of the ridges

Answer 320

Magnetic polarity reversals are recorded in ocean floor

Answer 321

All of the above

Answer 322

Convectional currents in the mantle

Answer 323

Tidal forces on the Earth’s crust

Answer 324

Earthquakes and volcanoes

Answer 325

Meteorite impacts

Answer 326

Transform faults

Answer 327

Convergent plate boundaries

Answer 328

Divergent plate boundaries

Answer 329

Side-to-side plate boundaries

Answer 330

Convergent plate boundaries

Answer 331

Divergent plate boundaries

Answer 332

Side-to-side plate boundaries

Answer 333

Transform faults

Answer 334

Continent-continent convergence

Answer 335

Ocean-continent convergence

Answer 336

Ocean-ocean convergence

Answer 337

Ocean-ocean divergence

Answer 338

Eon, Era, Period, Epoch

Answer 339

Period, Epoch, Era, Eon

Answer 340

Epoch, Period, Era, Eon

Answer 341

Era, Eon, Period, Epoch

Answer 342

Violent impacts were fairly common.

Answer 343

Early Earth was relatively cool.

Answer 344

Earth was very hot at the beginning.

Answer 345

Heavier elements sank to the center and lighter elements moved toward the surface.

Answer 346

Liquid iron inner core, solid iron outer core, mantle, crust

Answer 347

Mantle, crust, solid iron inner core, liquid iron outer core

Answer 348

Liquid iron outer core, solid iron inner core, mantle, crust

Answer 349

Solid inner iron core, liquid outer iron core, mantle, crust

Answer 350

Change in the orbits of the Jovian planets.

Answer 351

Change in the temperature of the Sun

Answer 352

Complete reversal of the orbits of planets due to a nearby star.

Answer 353

Change in the chemical composition of the Sun.

Answer 354

Igneous rock

Answer 355

Metamorphic rock

Answer 356

Sedimentary rock

Answer 357

Both a and b

Answer 358

Igneous rock

Answer 359

Metamorphic rock

Answer 360

Sedimentary rock

Answer 361

Both a and b

Answer 362

Massive meteor impact

Answer 363

Global rise or fall in the Earth’s temperature

Answer 364

Increased global volcanic activity

Answer 365

All of the above

Answer 366

Ultraviolet

Answer 367

When the Earth was forming.

Answer 368

When the Earth was half its present age.

Answer 369

When dinosaurs became extinct.

Answer 370

When the Universe was half its present age.

Answer 371

People greatly decrease their CO2 emissions in the summer.

Answer 372

The Earth is farther away from the Sun in the summer.

Answer 373

There is more direct sunlight in the summer.

Answer 374

Many plants die in the winter, so there are more plants that are photosynthesizing in the summer.

Answer 375

Prokaryotic

Answer 376

Eukaryotic

Answer 377

Organelles

Answer 378

Animal cells have mitochondria, while plant cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Answer 379

Plant cells have mitochondria, while animal cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Answer 380

Animal and plant cells have chloroplasts.

Answer 381

Animal and plant cells lack chloroplasts.

Answer 382

Phosphorus in the presence of oxygen.

Answer 383

Sugar in the presence of oxygen.

Answer 384

Sugar in the presence of sunlight.

Answer 385

Sugar in the presence of both sunlight and oxygen.

Answer 386

The folding of a membrane or tissue.

Answer 387

The combination of two or more prokaryotic cells.

Answer 388

The division of a bigger cell into smaller eukaryotic cells.

Answer 389

Plant cells.

Answer 390

Metabolism

Answer 391

Reproduction

Answer 392

All of the above

Answer 393

Left-handed

Answer 394

Right-handed

Answer 395

Both left and right-handed

Answer 396

Neither left nor right-handed

Answer 397

DNA and RNA

Answer 398

Sugars and lipids

Answer 399

Lipids and carbohydrates

Answer 400

Lipids and steroids

Answer 401

Phospholipids

Answer 402

Monosaccharaides

Answer 403

Metallic bonds

Answer 404

Covalent bonds

Answer 405

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 406

Ionic bonds

Answer 407

Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, and Archaean.

Answer 408

Bacterias, Archaeas, and Prokaryotic.

Answer 409

Bacterias, Archaeas, and Animal.

Answer 410

Animal, Plant, and Prokaryotic.

Answer 411

Archaean Cells

Answer 412

Viral Cells

Answer 413

Plant Cells

Answer 414

Bacteria and Archaea

Answer 415

Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, and Protista

Answer 416

Bacteria, Archaea, and Protista

Answer 417

Bacteria, Archaea, Animalia, and Fungi

Answer 418

Eukaryotic

Answer 419

Regulating osmosis

Answer 420

Storing energy

Answer 421

Managing the expression of DNA

Answer 422

Communicating with other cells

Answer 423

both DNA and RNA are double-helix shaped

Answer 424

DNA is double-helix shaped while RNA is single-stranded

Answer 425

RNA is double-helix shaped while DNA is single-stranded

Answer 426

both DNA and RNA are single-stranded

Answer 427

the sugar-phosphate backbone

Answer 428

the nitrogenous base pairs

Answer 429

the secondary structure

Answer 430

the tertiary structure

Answer 431

Carbohydrates

Answer 432

Amino Acids

Answer 433

Water molecules

Answer 434

Cytosine, thymine, adenine, guanine

Answer 435

Cytosine, uracil, adenine, guanine

Answer 436

Thymine, adenine, guanine

Answer 437

Cytosine and guanine

Answer 438

its cohesive and adhesive properties

Answer 439

a high heat capacity

Answer 440

its polar solvent nature, facilitating chemical reactions

Answer 441

all of these answers

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Orgins Final Review (HW1-HW7)

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