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Chapter 24

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2 Anatomy Part 2 (Exam 4) Quiz sobre Chapter 24, criado por Avi Chudasama em 15-12-2015.
Avi Chudasama
Quiz por Avi Chudasama, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Avi Chudasama
Criado por Avi Chudasama mais de 8 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
most of the body water is in
Responda
  • the intracelluar fluid
  • the extracellular fluid
  • tissue (interstitial) fluid
  • blood plasma and lymph
  • the transcellular fluid

Questão 2

Questão
osmosis from one fluid compartment to another is determined by
Responda
  • the temperature difference between compartments
  • the relative concentration of solutes in each compartment
  • the relative volume in each compartment
  • the relative size of each compartment

Questão 3

Questão
in which of these compartments would fluid accumulate in edema
Responda
  • intracellular fluid
  • transcellular fluid
  • tissue (interstitial) fluid
  • blood plasma
  • lymph

Questão 4

Questão
most body water comes from ____ whereas most body water is lost via ____
Responda
  • metabolic water; cutaneous transpiration
  • metabolic water; sweat
  • drinking; cutaneous transpiration and expired air
  • drinking; urine
  • drinking; radiation

Questão 5

Questão
fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called
Responda
  • baroreceptors
  • propioceptors
  • nociceptors
  • osmoreceptors
  • mechanoreceptors

Questão 6

Questão
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Responda
  • stimulates angiotensin II secretion
  • promotes water conservation
  • stimulates hypothalamic
  • osmorereceptors
  • argets the cerebral cortex

Questão 7

Questão
water output is significantly controlled through variations in
Responda
  • metabolic water
  • sweating
  • cutaneous transpiration
  • urine volume
  • drinking

Questão 8

Questão
when blood volume and pressure are too high
Responda
  • ADH release is inhibited.
  • ADH release is stimulated
  • renal tubules reabsorb more water
  • renal tubules reabsorb more sodium.
  • the kidneys produce less urine

Questão 9

Questão
prolonged exposure to cold weather can lead to
Responda
  • fluid sequestration in the upper limbs
  • hypotonic hydration.
  • hypovolemia.
  • positive water balance.
  • negative water balance

Questão 10

Questão
dehydration results in increased blood and ECF osmolarity. this makes osmoreceptors stimulate____ secretion by the hypothalamus ___ in the DCT and CD
Responda
  • ADH; decreasing water reabsorption
  • ADH; increasing water reabsorption
  • aldosterone; decreasing sodium and water reabsorption
  • aldosterone; increasing sodium and water reabsorption
  • angiotensin II; increasing sodium reabsorption

Questão 11

Questão
Hemorrhages...
Responda
  • decrease body water but do not significantly affect osmolarity
  • decrease body water but increase osmolarity
  • decrease body water and decrease osmolarity
  • increase ECF volume but decrease ICF volume
  • decrease ECF volume but increase ICF volume.

Questão 12

Questão
long-term inhibition of thirst is mostly associated with
Responda
  • cooling of the mouth
  • distention of the stomach by ingested water
  • a drop in blood osmolarity
  • moistening of the mouth
  • increased salivation

Questão 13

Questão
this is the principal cation of the ECF
Responda
  • Ca 2+
  • Cl -
  • Na +
  • K +
  • Pi

Questão 14

Questão
aldosterone receptors are found on cells of
Responda
  • the adrenal cortex
  • the adernal medulla
  • the posterior pituitary
  • PCT
  • the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Questão 15

Questão
Aldosterone...
Responda
  • increases both Na+ and K+ reabsorption.
  • increases both Na+ and K+ secretion.
  • increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion.
  • reduces Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion.
  • causes the urine to be more diluted.

Questão 16

Questão
chloride homeostasis is achieved mainly as a result of ____ homeostasis
Responda
  • H2PO4-
  • PO43-
  • HCO3-
  • Na+
  • K+

Questão 17

Questão
the calcium of the body fluids does/is not
Responda
  • participate in muscle contraction
  • a significant component of nucleic acids.
  • serve as a second messenger
  • activate exocytosis.
  • important in blood clotting.

Questão 18

Questão
calcium concentration is regulated by
Responda
  • hormones
  • sodium and calcium concentration in plasma
  • chloirde and phosphate concentration in plasma
  • the parasympathetic nervous system
  • the sympatheic neverous syster

Questão 19

Questão
the major chemical buffers system of the body are the ___ systems
Responda
  • urinary and respiratory
  • urinary and digestive
  • bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein
  • bicarbonate, nucleic acids, and protein
  • bicarbonate, phosphate, and nitrate

Questão 20

Questão
what protein(s) is/are the most important buffer(s) in blood plasma
Responda
  • fibrinogen
  • albumin
  • alpha globulins
  • gamma globulins
  • transferrin

Questão 21

Questão
what protein(s) is/are the most important buffer(s) in erythrocytes
Responda
  • albumin
  • fibrinogen
  • gamma globulins
  • hemoglobin
  • myoglobin

Questão 22

Questão
when the renal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the tubular fluid, they ___ at the same time
Responda
  • secrete potassium
  • secrete sodium
  • reabsorb potassium
  • secrete chloride
  • reabsorb sodium

Questão 23

Questão
proteins can buffer a drop of pH by their ____ side groups and can buffer an increase in pH by their ____ side groups
Responda
  • -NH2; -PO4
  • -PO4; -COOH
  • -NH2; -COOH
  • -COOH; -NH2
  • -PO4; -NH2

Questão 24

Questão
in a person with normal acid-base balance, there are no bicarbonate ions in urine because
Responda
  • they are consumed by neutralizing H+.
  • they are reabsorbed by the renal tubule cells.
  • they are exchanged for CO2.
  • they are exchanged for Cl-.
  • they rapidly diffuse into the renal tubule cells.

Questão 25

Questão
in acidosis, the membrane potential of nerve cells is ___, which ____ the central nervous system
Responda
  • repolarized; inhibits
  • depolarized; stimulates
  • hyperpolarized; depresses
  • depolarized; depresses
  • hyperpolarized; stimulates

Questão 26

Questão
Blood Plasma osmolarity is higher than intracellular fluid osmolarity
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 27

Questão
In a state of water balance, average daily fluid gains and losses are equal
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 28

Questão
fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic receptors called osmoreceptors
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 29

Questão
the kidneys secrete ADH in response to dehydration
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 30

Questão
Hypovolemic refers to a reduction in total body water while maintaining normal osmolarity
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 31

Questão
Aldosterone promotes potassium excretion
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 32

Questão
Natriuretic peptides promote sodium and potassium excretion
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 33

Questão
Hyponatremia is usually a result of hypotonic hydration
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 34

Questão
Hypocalcemia causes muscle weakness, whereas hypercalcemia causes potentially fatal muscle tetanus
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 35

Questão
Chloride homeostasis is regulated as a side effect of sodium homeostasis
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 36

Questão
The three physiological buffer systems are urinary, digestive, and respiratory
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 37

Questão
The kidneys neutralize more acid or base than any other buffer system
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 38

Questão
Acidosis is a pH lower than 7, whereas alkalosis is a pH higher than 7
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 39

Questão
Uncompensated alkalosis is a pH imbalance that can only be corrected with clinical intervention
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 40

Questão
a buffer system converts a weak acid or base into a strong one.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 41

Questão
Hypernatremia is a plasma___concentration above normal
Responda
  • Na+
  • K+
  • NaCl
  • Cl-

Questão 42

Questão
Hypernatremia tends to cause all of the following except
Responda
  • a reduction in plasma volume
  • a gain in plasma volume
  • reduction in blood
  • a again in blood

Questão 43

Questão
_____ is the most significant solute in determining the distribution of water among fluid compartments.
Responda
  • Na+
  • K+
  • Cl-
  • H+

Questão 44

Questão
____does not stimulate aldosterone secretion
Responda
  • High blood sodium concentration
  • Low blood sodium concentration
  • High blood potassium concentration
  • Low blood Potassium concentration

Questão 45

Questão
women have a tendency to retain water during part of the menstrual cycle because estrogen mimics the action of
Responda
  • aldosterone
  • plasma
  • blood
  • water

Questão 46

Questão
this is the most abundant cation of the ICF
Responda
  • K+
  • Na+
  • Cl-
  • H+

Questão 47

Questão
the total body water (TBW) contente of a 70 kg young male is about
Responda
  • 40L
  • 4L
  • 400L
  • 4000L

Questão 48

Questão
this is the greatest determinant of intracellular volume
Responda
  • K+
  • H+
  • Cl-
  • Na+

Questão 49

Questão
these scenarious are related with hyperkalemia except
Responda
  • resting membrane potential is more positive
  • resting membrane potential is more negative

Questão 50

Questão
In a state of hypokalemia
Responda
  • cells are hyperpolarized
  • cells are hypopolarized
  • cells remain the same

Questão 51

Questão
hypokalemia can result from all of the following except from
Responda
  • aldosterone hyposecretion 
  • aldosterone hypersecretion 

Questão 52

Questão
this is the moste abundant anion of the ECF
Responda
  • Cl-
  • Na+
  • K+
  • H+

Questão 53

Questão
the inorganic phosphates (Pi) of the body fluids
Responda
  • form crystals with calcium in the presence of calsequestrin
  • form crystals with potassium in the presence of calsequestrin

Questão 54

Questão
excretion of phosphate
Responda
  • increases free calcium ions in the ECF
  • increases free potassium ions in the ECF
  • decreases free calcium ions in the ECF
  • decreases free potassium ions in the ECF

Questão 55

Questão
___ represents the complete chemical reaction for the bicarbonate buffer system.
Responda
  • CO2 + H2O <--> H2CO3 <--> HCO3- + H+
  • H2CO3 <--> CO2 + H20
  • H+ + CO3 <--> H2CO3

Questão 56

Questão
tissue fluid normally has a pHof
Responda
  • 7.35-7.45 
  • 8.35-8.45
  • 7.15-7.25
  • 7.85-7.95

Questão 57

Questão
A weak base
Responda
  • Binds little H+ and has a weak effect of pH
  • Binds little H+ and has a strong effect of pH

Questão 58

Questão
the pH of the intracellular fluid is buffered mainly by
Responda
  • proteins
  • carbohydrates
  • lipids
  • fatty acids

Questão 59

Questão
the bicarbonate buffer system would not work very well in the human body if not for the action of the respiratory sytem, which
Responda
  • expels CO2 produced by the buffer system
  • intakes CO2 produced by the buffer system
  • expels H2O produced by the buffer system
  • intakes H2O produced by the buffer system

Questão 60

Questão
an antiport system on the basal side of renal tubule cells
Responda
  • exchanges K+ for Na+
  • exchanges Na+ for K+
  • exchanges K+ for H+
  • exchanges Na+ for Cl-

Questão 61

Questão
in acidosis, the kidneys compensate by
Responda
  • secreting more ammonia
  • secreting more water
  • secreting more plasma

Questão 62

Questão
breathing with the head inside a plastic bag can lead to
Responda
  • respitory acidosis
  • metabolic alkalosis

Questão 63

Questão
excessive intake of antacids can lead to
Responda
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • respitory acidosis

Questão 64

Questão
chronic vomiting can lead to
Responda
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • repiratory acidosis

Questão 65

Questão
emphysema can lead to
Responda
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • repiratory acidosis

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