5824509
Descrição
Quiz por Eva Dutzlr, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Eva Dutzlr
quase 8 anos atrás
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Questão 1
Questão
Which factors contribute to sea Level rise due to climate Change?
Responda
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Increased number of floods
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Rapid melting of artig ice
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Thermal Expansion and melting of land-bound ice
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Slow sinking of the continents
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Enhanced precipitation
Questão 2
Questão
The green house gas effect can be explained by
Responda
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Wavelength dependence of absorbtion of Radiation by GHG
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Ozone depletion in the stratosphere
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The elliptic path of the earth around the sun
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Enhanced reflection of Long wave Radiation by GHG
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Enhanced concentration of dust and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere
Questão 3
Questão
Because Saturation vapour pressure depends on the Surface on which it occurs
Responda
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Lifting of air masses leads to condensation
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Clouds grow rapidly when ice particles are introduced
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Small Drops grow at the cost of large drops
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Mixing of warmer and colder air masses can lead to mixing fog
Questão 4
Questão
Airborne radionuclide concentrations are especially relevant for
Responda
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Infiltration and Submersion
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Ingestion and Inhalation
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Ingestion and Submersion
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Inhalation and Submersion
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Exposition and Ingestion
Questão 5
Questão
Occult Deposition is
Responda
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An as yet undiscovered deposition
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Deposition that is not yet fully understood
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Deposition by fog, dew, etc.
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Deposition pollutants attached to aerosols
Questão 6
Questão
For the development of the ozone hole in the Antarctic the following are decisive:
Responda
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High CFC concentrations an lack of solar radiation
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High CFC concentrations and temperatures below zero
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High CFC concentration and climate change
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Temperatures below -‐80°C and Little air mass exchange
Questão 7
Questão
The double strategy in Austrian air Pollution policy consists of
Responda
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Limiting synergistic pollutants simultaneously
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Requiring the pollutants and the affected to contribute to Emission reductions
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Increasing stack heights and Emission standards
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Limiting Emission according to state-of-the‐art Technology and to stay within air quality
Questão 8
Questão
An end-of-pipe measure is e.g.:
Responda
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Using more efficient technologies
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Implementing an Emission trading scheme
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Filter flue gases
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Technological improvements in the process
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Desulfurization of oil
Questão 9
Questão
Present day GHG emissions of the average Austrian are around
Responda
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50 t per year
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1 t per year
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100 t per year
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Not quantifiable
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10 t per year
Questão 10
Questão
Climate Change does not involve:
Responda
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Changes in precipitation
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Frequency of extreme events
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More intense earthquakes
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Melting of polar ice
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Temperature changes
Questão 11
Questão
Which are not typical effects of mountain Valleys or basins?
Responda
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Inducing thermally driven circulations
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Strong Dispersion of pollutants
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Development of cold air basins due to Drainage flow
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Inversions
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Channelling flow
Questão 12
Questão
Stratospheric ozone concentration
Responda
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Is falling in midlatitudes in winter, constant in summer
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Is falling worldwide
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Is falling in equatorial regions in winter
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Is falling in midlatitudes, and strongly falling over Antarcitca
Questão 13
Questão
In climate debate tipping Points are understood to describe
Responda
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Points at which the planet becomes uninhabitable
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Points beyond which positiveFeedback mechanisms can no longer be contained by bhumans
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Points of time in policy debate when decisive steps are taken
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Geographical Locations where decisive climate process
Questão 14
Questão
Under clear sky conditions in summer ozone Levels are especially high in bVienna
Responda
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On weekdays
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During traffic peaks
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On Sundays and holidays
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On Mondays
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On Saturdays
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In the early morning
Questão 15
Questão
What is NOT true of radioactive decay
Responda
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Is the only way to deplete Radio nuclei
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Disappears after 5 half‐life times
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Depends only on the Radio nuclide
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Is Independent of external influences
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Can vary over several orders of magnitude
Questão 16
Questão
Which of the following issues is not a mesoscale Pollution Problem?
Responda
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Fine particles (PM)
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Tropospheric zone
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Persistent organic compounds (POP)
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Green house gases
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Radio active substances
Questão 17
Questão
The IPAT equation or Kaya Identity can be used to explain
Responda
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The Impact of population, air Pollution and Technology on environmental degradation
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The Impact of green house gas emissions on climate
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The extent to which ecological boundaries have been crossed
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The Impact of world population, affluence and Technology on green house gas emissions
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The Impact of Lifestyles on environmental Quality and tipping points
Questão 18
Questão
What was the original Definition of smog?
Responda
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A combination of smoke and fog
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High concentrations of photo chemicals
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Cigarette smoke
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High ozone concentrations
Questão 19
Questão
Dispersion models typically consist of 3 modules:
Responda
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Transport Module, Immission Module, Impact Module
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Meteorology Module, Chemistry Module, Deposition Module
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Emission Module, Transmission Module, Immission Module
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Meteorology Module, Chemistry Module and Transport Module
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Meteorology Module, Transport Module, Deposition Module
Questão 20
Questão
Trajectories are an important part of which kind of Dispersion models?
Responda
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Gaussian models
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Diffusions models
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Langrangian models
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Richardson models
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Eulerian models
Questão 21
Questão
Near the earths Surface temperature increases with height
Responda
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When wind Speed increases with height
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When wind Speed is low and the Radiation balances at the Surface is negative
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Because the distance from sun decreases
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When atmospheric Radiation exceeds terrestrial radiation
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When warm air rises from heated surfaces
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When an Inversion breaks up
Questão 22
Questão
Chronic damage caused by air Pollution can be prevented by
Responda
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Standards expressed in high percentiles
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Limiting Maximum concentration
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Short term standards, e.g. hourly means
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Long term standards, e.g. yearly means
Questão 23
Questão
In an idealised valley the following local circulations are to be expected in fair weather on the early afternoon
Responda
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only valley wind
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valley and down slope wind
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valley and up slope wind
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only down slope wind
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Mountain and down slope wind
Questão 24
Questão
In order for a Cloud to rain, Cloud droplets must grow
Responda
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through coagulation and coalescence with other droplets
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through freezing and melting
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and reach a size 100 times that a small Cloud droplet
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through Transpiration and evaporation
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through compression and density increase
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through condensation and diffusion
Questão 25
Questão
Which of the following radiative processes leads to energy conversion?
Responda
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Reflexion
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Absorption
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Refraction
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Diffusion
Questão 26
Questão
Concentrations caused at a specific Point by a continuous Point source vary strongly
Responda
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in inversions
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in unstable layers
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in neutral layers
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in stable layers under strong wind conditions
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in isothermal layers near the ground
Questão 27
Questão
The troposphere
Responda
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is the bottom layer of the atmosphere in which temperature decreases with height
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is the lower part of the planetary boundary layer
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is the lower part of the stratosphere and characterized by temperature increase with height
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consists of the planetary boundary layer and the turbulent Surface layer
Questão 28
Questão
Boundaries of the global ecological System seem to have been exceeded regarding
Responda
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climate change, Nitrogen cycle and phosphorus cycle
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Nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle and biodiversity loss
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ocean acidification, Nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss
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climate change, Nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss
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climate change, ocean acidification and biodiversity loss
Questão 29
Questão
The following is NOT correct regarding albedo:
Responda
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Averaged over the whole globe, Albedo is about 5%
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Albedo is higher for snow than for bitumen
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Albedo is reflectivity averaged over all wave lengths
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Albedo is the ration of reflected to incoming radiation
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Albedo increases with the temperature of the reflecting body
Questão 30
Questão
The atmosphere is characterised by
Responda
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about 80% nitrogen, 20% Oxygen and 1% Argon content
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about 0,03 CO2 and 0,05 water vapour content
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about 80% Oxygen and 20% hydrogen Content near the surface
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rapid increase of CO2 and decrease of Oxygen concentrations
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good mixing of gases up to 120km height
Questão 31
Questão
Which of the following does not heat up faster than global average?
Responda
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Continents
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Arctic
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Alpine region
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Oceans
Questão 32
Questão
In what latitudes do the highest stratospheric ozone concentrations occur?
Responda
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20°
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60°
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80°
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45°
Questão 33
Questão
The declared aim of the policy of high stacks was to
Responda
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Enhance the chimney effect and create higher effective stack heights
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Make use of higher wind speeds
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Reduce Maximum immissions on the ground
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Delay deposition
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Distribute pollutants over larger areas
Questão 34
Questão
Global temperature increase over the last 150 years is about
Responda
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0,2°C
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1,2°C
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0,8°C
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0,4°C
Questão 35
Questão
What process is not part of Dispersion of pollutants in air?
Responda
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Interception
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Diffusion
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Decay
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Deposition
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Sedimentation
Questão 36
Questão
Clinical studies to determine concentration Limits for humans help to
Responda
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Replace Experiments using animals
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Study exposures under normal conditions
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Understand systematic dose-effect relationshi
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Study the effects of high exposures
Questão 37
Questão
What is characteristic of an Eulerian model?
Responda
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The limited amount of Input data and numerical capacity needed
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A coordinate System that is fixed relative to the earth surface
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The good representation of Point sources
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A grid with increasingly smaller dimensions
Questão 38
Questão
What is the dual role of CFCs in the atmosphere?
Responda
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Enhance chemical reactions and produce stratospheric ozone
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Enhance chemical reactions and destroy tropospheric ozone
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Contribute to global warming as GHG and deplete ozone
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Destroy ozone and contribute to Global Dimming
Questão 39
Questão
Inversions can cause high Immission concentrations near the ground
Responda
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When pollutants are emitted below the inversion
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Because heating is especially intense in these periods
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When pollutants are emitted into the Inversion through high stacks
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Because pollutants are pressed downward
Questão 40
Questão
Sulfates can cover large distances in the atmosphere because
Responda
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They are released in great heights
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They are not easily washed‐out
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Their lifetime in the atmosphere is long
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They are especially light compared to their size
Questão 41
Questão
What data are not relevant for Emission inventories?
Responda
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Geographical Position of sources
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Flue gas temperature
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Stack height
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Wind speed
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Emission rates of different pollutant groups
Questão 42
Questão
What human Impact does not (yet) exceed the resilience boundaries of the global ecosystems?
Responda
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Climate change
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Biodiversity loss
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Acidification of the ocean
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Nitrogen cycle
Questão 43
Questão
Gaussian models for continuous Point sources assume that
Responda
-
Emissions occur at least 10m above ground
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Life time of pollutants is limited
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Wind Speed exceeds 1m/s
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Pollutant concentration is uniform within the plume
Questão 44
Questão
Stratospheric ozone concentration
Responda
-
Is falling in midlatitudes in winter, constant in summer
-
Is falling worldwide
-
Is falling in midlatitudes, and strongly falling over Antarctica
-
Is falling in equatorial regions in winter
Questão 45
Questão
What part of the solar spectrum is primarily responsible for the Cancer in human skin?
Responda
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UVA
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UVC
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Roentgen waves
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UVB
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Infra-red
Questão 46
Questão
Protections regarding climate in the future do not rely on:
Responda
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Assumptions on GHG emissions
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An understanding of radiation
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Assumptions on the development of the world population
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Mathematical models to simulate physical processes in the atmosphere
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Statistical extrapolations of the climate Change of the past
Questão 47
Questão
Air flow is influenced near buildings
Responda
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But the induced turbulence is irrelevant for dispersion
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Up to about 150m behind the building
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The stronger, the smaller the Building is
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In the vertical within about 2,5 times the height of the building
Questão 48
Questão
Which is no Green House Gas (GHG)?
Responda
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Carbon monoxide
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Carbon dioxide
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Water vapour
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Methane
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Ozone
Questão 49
Questão
What Feedback mechanism is reinforcing (=positive)?
Responda
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Increase in CO2, increased biomass, increased evaporation, cooling
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Temperature decrease, more glaciers, higher Albedo
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Temperature increase, increased evaporation, increased Cloud cover
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Temperature increase, forest fires, increased albedo
Questão 50
Questão
Deposition reaches generally its highest values
Responda
-
Chemical transformation
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Occult deposition
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Sedimentation
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Wet deposition
Questão 51
Questão
Emission reductions necessary to meet the 2°C goal are consistent with
Responda
-
80% reduction in industrialized and unlimited emissions in other nations
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50% reduction of GHG emissions in industrialized nations
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Full use of conventional and unconventional reserves
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About 1t of CO2 per Person and year till 2050 in industrialized nations
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GHG emissions about three times the amount already emitted
Questão 52
Questão
Which is a secondary pollutant?
Responda
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Aerosols
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Sulfur dioxide
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Carbon monoxide
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Nitrogen oxide
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Ozone
Questão 53
Questão
Expected temperature increase in Austria in the next 20-‐50 years is about
Responda
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2‐4°
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0,5‐1°
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4-6°
-
5-10°
Questão 54
Questão
Which is NOT a component of the Radiation Balance at the earth’s surface?
Responda
-
diffuse or sky radiation
-
atmospheric Radiation
-
celestial radiation
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terrestrial radiation
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direct solar radiation
Questão 55
Questão
The effective source height
Responda
-
is defined as the sum of stack height and plume rise
-
depends on the emitted pollutants
-
is equal to stack height for hot effluents
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is near 40 km for stratospheric ozone
-
increases with air temperature
Questão 56
Questão
Climate Change is scientifically proved by
Responda
-
increase of global mean temperature
-
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Questão 57
Questão
What is the significance of oceans in the global carbon cycle?
Responda
-
a sink, but may become a source
-
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Questão 58
Questão
What is not part of geo-‐engineering?
Responda
-
Substitution of fossil energy sources
-
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Questão 59
Questão
Which of the following pollutants are GHGs?
Responda
-
ozone, carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour (sind alle GHGs)
-
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Questão 60
Questão
Radiation Balance is clearly negative
Responda
-
day time, inversion, rainfall?
-
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