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Cognitive Psychology Chapter 4

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Quiz to study for CH 4 test
Amanda Chaiet
Quiz por Amanda Chaiet, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Amanda Chaiet
Criado por Amanda Chaiet mais de 7 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Which is true of anxiety and fear?
Responda
  • FEAR is the body’s response to a vague sense of being in danger
  • ANXIETY is the body’s response to a vague sense of being in danger
  • FEAR prepares us for action
  • ANXIETY increases respiration, perspiration, muscle tension, and others

Questão 2

Questão
Most individuals with one anxiety disorder also suffer from a second one
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 3

Questão
Check all that are DSM-5 Anxiety Disorders
Responda
  • Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
  • Panic disorder
  • Social anxiety disorder
  • Agoraphobia
  • Specific phobias
  • Depression
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Multiple personality disorder

Questão 4

Questão
Anxiety also plays a major role in which different groups of problems?
Responda
  • OCD
  • depression
  • Bipolar
  • multiple personality disorder
  • All of the above

Questão 5

Questão
Which is FALSE of generalized anxiety disorders?
Responda
  • Common in Western society
  • About one-fourth in treatment
  • Men diagnosed more often than women (2:1)
  • Usually first appears in childhood or adolescence

Questão 6

Questão
Which perspective theorized excessive childhood neurotic or moral anxiety sets stage for GAD

Responda
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Questão 7

Questão
Which perspective used general techniques like free association, transference, resistance, and dreams
 to treat all psychological problems?
Responda
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Questão 8

Questão
Which perspective used object-relations therapists to help patients identify and settle early relationship problems to treat GAD
Responda
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Questão 9

Questão
Which perspective says GAD arises when people stop looking at themselves honestly and acceptingly
Responda
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Questão 10

Questão
Which perspective uses client-centered therapy and unconditional positive regard to treat GAD.
Responda
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humantisic
  • Behavioral

Questão 11

Questão
Which perspective says psychological problems are often caused by dysfunctional ways of thinking – including excessive worry and maladaptive assumptions.
Responda
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Behavioral

Questão 12

Questão
Which new wave cognitive theory states certain individuals consider it unacceptable that negative events may occur, even if the possibility is very small; they worry in an effort to find “correct” solutions
Responda
  • Metacognitive Theory
  • Intolerance of Uncertainty Theory
  • Avoidance Theory

Questão 13

Questão
Which new wave cognitive theory suggests that the most problematic assumptions in GAD are the individual’s worry about worrying (METAWORRY)
Responda
  • Metacognitive theory
  • Intolerance of Uncertainty Theory
  • Avoidance Theory

Questão 14

Questão
Which new wave cognitive theory holds that worrying serves a “positive” function for those with GAD by reducing unusually high levels of bodily arousal
Responda
  • Metacognitive theory
  • Intolerance of Uncertainty theory
  • Avoidance theory

Questão 15

Questão
Which perspective treats GAD by breaking down worrying by helping them to recognize their inclination to worry and helping clients to become aware of streams of thoughts, including worries, and to accept these as mind events (Mindfulness-Based Acceptance Therapy)
Responda
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Questão 16

Questão
Which perspective believe that GAD is caused primarily by biological factors like competing explanation of shared environment involving GABA inactivity
Responda
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Questão 17

Questão
The circuit in the brain that helps produce anxiety reactions includes areas such as the
Responda
  • amygdala
  • prefrontal cortex
  • anterior cingulate
  • hippocampus
  • cerebellum
  • hypothalamus

Questão 18

Questão
Which perspective treats GAD with anti anxiety drug therapy and relaxation techniques
Responda
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Questão 19

Questão
Phobias are persistent and unreasonable fears of particular objects, activities, or situations and often involve avoidance of the object or thoughts about it
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 20

Questão
Most people seek treatment for phobias
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 21

Questão
Which is true of agoraphobia
Responda
  • People with agoraphobia are afraid of being in situations where escape might be difficult, should they experience panic or become incapacitated.
  • Many people with agoraphobia avoid crowded places, driving, and public transportation

  • In any given year, 2.2 percent of adults experience this problem, women twice as frequently as men.
  • The disorder also is twice as common among wealthy people vs. poor ones.
  • three-fifths of people agoraphobia are in treatment.
  • Many also are prone to experience extreme and sudden explosions of fear – called “PANIC ATTACKS” – and may receive a second diagnosis of panic disorder

Questão 22

Questão
Which phobia develops through a process of learning in which two events that repeatedly occur close together in time become tied together in a person’s mind and so produce the same response.
Responda
  • Classical conditioning
  • Modeling
  • Stimulus generalization

Questão 23

Questão
Which phobia develops through a process of learning in which a person observes and then imitates others. Also, a therapy approach based on the same principle.
Responda
  • Classical conditioning
  • Modeling
  • Stimulus generalization

Questão 24

Questão
Which phobia develops through a phenomenon in which responses to one stimulus are also produced by similar stimuli.
Responda
  • Classical conditioning
  • Modeling
  • Stimulus generalization

Questão 25

Questão
What perspective is also called “PREPAREDNESS” because human beings are theoretically more “prepared” to acquire some phobias than others

Responda
  • Behavioral-evolutionary perspective
  • Behavioral perspective
  • Evolutionary perspective
  • Biological perspective

Questão 26

Questão
Which treatment of phobias teaches relaxation skills, create fear hierarchy, and pair relaxation with the feared objects or situations
Responda
  • Systematic Desensitization
  • Modeling
  • Flooding

Questão 27

Questão
Which treatment of phobias involves forced nongradual exposure
Responda
  • Systematic Desensitization
  • Flooding
  • Modeling

Questão 28

Questão
Which treatment of phobias involves the therapist confronting the feared object while the fearful person observes
Responda
  • Systematic Desensitization
  • Flooding
  • Modeling

Questão 29

Questão
What is the most common and effective treatment for agoraphobia
Responda
  • Exposure
  • Flooding
  • Modeling
  • Systematic Desensitization

Questão 30

Questão
Which of the following about agoraphobia treatments is FALSE
Responda
  • Therapists help clients venture farther and farther from their homes to confront the outside world.
  • Therapists use techniques similar to those used for treating a specific phobia but, in addition, use support groups and home-based self-help programs.
  • Between 60-80 percent of clients with agoraphobia who receive treatment find it easier to enter public places, and the improvement lasts for years.
  • Improvements are often complete, and relapses are uncommon.

Questão 31

Questão
Select all that can help treat social anxiety
Responda
  • Assertiveness Training Groups
  • Medication
  • Psychotherapy
  • Exposure Therapy
  • Cognitive Therapies
  • There is no treatment

Questão 32

Questão
Which statement is FALSE
Responda
  • Unlike specific phobias, social fears are often reduced through MEDICATION (particularly antidepressants).
  • Several types of PSYCHOTHERAPY have proved at least as effective as medication.
  • People treated with psychotherapy are more likely to relapse than people treated with drugs alone.
  • All are true

Questão 33

Questão
Panic attacks are periodic, short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, reach a peak within 10 minutes, and gradually pass
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 34

Questão
Which of the following statements about panic disorders are FALSE
Responda
  • Has different prevalence across various cultures and racial groups

  • Tends to develop in late adolescence and early adulthood

  • Is twice as likely to occur in women than men

  • Is 50 percent more likely to appear in poor people than wealthier people

  • Is often accompanied by agoraphobia

Questão 35

Questão
Which perspective uses drug therapies to treat panic disorders?
Responda
  • Cognitive
  • Biological
  • Humanistic
  • Behavioral

Questão 36

Questão
Which perspective describes panic disorders as the tendency to focus on one’s bodily sensations, assess them illogically, and interpret them as harmful
Responda
  • Cognitive
  • Biological
  • Behavioral
  • Humanistic

Questão 37

Questão
What panic disorder treatment is used to produce panic in participants or clients by having them exercise vigorously or perform some other potentially panic-inducing task in presence of researcher or therapist such as jumping up and down, running up a flight of steps, and practicing coping strategies and making more accurate interpretations.
Responda
  • Biological Challenge Procedures
  • Behavioral Challenge Procedures
  • Cognitive Challenge Procedures
  • Humanistic Challenge Procedures

Questão 38

Questão
Mark all that is true of OCD
Responda
  • Person has recurrent and unwanted thoughts, a drive to perform repetitive and rigid actions, or both.
  • It is estimated that more than 40% of those with OCD seek treatment
  • It is more common in women than men
  • Between 1 and 2 percent of U.S. population suffer from OCD in a given year; as many as 3 percent over a lifetime
  • Occurrence of repeated obsessions, compulsions, or both
  • Minimal distress or impairment
  • The obsessions or compulsions take up considerable time

Questão 39

Questão
OBSESSIONS are repetitive and rigid behaviors or mental acts that people feel they must perform to prevent or reduce anxiety
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 40

Questão
Which is true of OBSESSIONS?
Responda
  • Thoughts that feel both intrusive and foreign
  • Attempts to ignore or resist them trigger anxiety
  • Have common themes
  • Voluntary behaviors or mental acts feel mandatory/unstoppable
  • Behaviors reduce anxiety
  • Behaviors often develop into rituals

Questão 41

Questão
Which is true of COMPULSIONS
Responda
  • Thoughts that feel both intrusive and foreign
  • Attempts to ignore or resist them trigger anxiety
  • Voluntary behaviors or mental acts feel mandatory/unstoppable
  • Have common forms/themes
  • Behaviors often develop into rituals
  • Behaviors reduce anxiety- but only for a short time
  • Believe that something terrible will occur if they do not perform the acts
  • Most recognize that their behaviors are unreasonable
  • Compulsive acts often occur in response to obsessive thoughts.

Questão 42

Questão
Which perspective states that OCD is played out in overt thoughts and actions Id impulses = obsessive thoughts Ego defenses = counter-thoughts or compulsive actions
Responda
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Questão 43

Questão
Which perspective concentrates on explaining and treating compulsions rather than obsessions and proposes that people happen upon their compulsions quite randomly
Responda
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Questão 44

Questão
Which perspective treats OCD by exposing a client to anxiety-arousing thoughts or situations and then preventing the client from performing his or her compulsive acts. Therapists often model the behavior while the client.
Responda
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Questão 45

Questão
Which perspective indicates that everyone has repetitive, unwanted, and intrusive thoughts
 and suggests that people with OCD blame themselves for normal (although repetitive and intrusive) thoughts and expect that terrible things will happen as a result
.
Responda
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Questão 46

Questão
Which perspective believes people attempt to “NEUTRALIZE” their thoughts with actions (or other thoughts)
Responda
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Questão 47

Questão
Which perspective treats OCD through psychoeducation and guiding the client to identify, challenge, and change distorted cognitions
Responda
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Questão 48

Questão
Which perspective describes OCD as abnormal SEROTONIN activity and abnormal brain structure and functioning
Responda
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Questão 49

Questão
Brain structures that have been linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder include the
Responda
  • orbitofrontal cortex
  • caudate nucleus
  • thalamus
  • amygdala
  • cingulate cortex

  • hypothalamus
  • hippocampus
  • prefrontal cortex

Questão 50

Questão
Which perspective treats OCD with serotonin-based antidepressants
Responda
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Questão 51

Questão
In recent years, a growing number of clinical researchers have linked some excessive behavior patterns (e.g., hoarding, hair pulling, shopping, sex) to ANXIETY
Responda
  • True
  • False

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