chapter 3 nutrition

1. 1a) Page 38 The body needs 3 major nutrients [blank_start]proteins[blank_end], [blank_start]carbohydrates[blank_end] and [blank_start]fats[blank_end].
   b) They are called major nutrients because they are needed in [blank_start]large[blank_end] quantities.
   c) All cells are made up of mostly [blank_start]water[blank_end] that is a solvent of the jelly like cell cytoplasm.
   d) The many chemical reactions that take place in the cells of the body are called [blank_start]metabolism[blank_end].
   e) [blank_start]Water[blank_end] serves to dilute waste or toxins e.g. [blank_start]urea[blank_end] to form urine and help the body cool down by [blank_start]sweating[blank_end].
   

   1. Aproteins
   2. Bcarbohydrates
   3. Cfats
   4. Dlarge
   5. Ewater
   6. Fmetabolism
   7. Gurea
   8. HWater
   9. Isweating
2. 2f) Page 39 [blank_start]Carbohydrates[blank_end] are major nutrients that can be simple sugars or [blank_start]monosaccharides[blank_end], complex sugar or [blank_start]disaccharides[blank_end] and large molecules called [blank_start]polysaccharides[blank_end].
   g) All [blank_start]carbohydrates[blank_end] are compound made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
   h) Simple sugars like [blank_start]glucose[blank_end] and complex sugars like [blank_start]sucrose[blank_end] and [blank_start]maltose[blank_end] are sweet, soluble high energy compounds. Larger molecules like plant stores of [blank_start]starch[blank_end] and [blank_start]cellulose[blank_end] of cell walls are unsweetened, insoluble stable compounds.
   i) One molecule of [blank_start]glucose[blank_end] contains six carbons, twelve [blank_start]hydrogen[blank_end] atoms and six [blank_start]oxygen[blank_end] atoms.
   j) Carbohydrates function as a source of [blank_start]energy[blank_end] that is released by respiration from [blank_start]Glucose[blank_end].
   k) Plant transport tubes move [blank_start]sucrose[blank_end] while [blank_start]glucose[blank_end] is respired in the mitochondria of its cells
   

   1. ACarbohydrates
   2. Bmonosaccharides
   3. Cdisaccharides
   4. Dpolysaccharides
   5. Ecarbohydrates
   6. Fglucose
   7. Gsucrose
   8. Hmaltose
   9. Istarch
   10. Jcellulose
   11. Kglucose
   12. Lhydrogen
   13. Moxygen
   14. Nenergy
   15. OGlucose
   16. Psucrose
   17. Qglucose
3. 3l) Page 40-41[blank_start]Carbohydrates[blank_end] can release up to [blank_start]17[blank_end]kj of energy by respiration.
   m) Animal store polysaccharides in small quantities in the cells of the [blank_start]liver[blank_end] and muscles as [blank_start]glycogen[blank_end].
   n) Animals unlike plants cannot produce their own food by [blank_start]photosynthesis[blank_end] but must consume it in other organisms.
   

   1. ACarbohydrates
   2. B17
   3. Cliver
   4. Dglycogen
   5. Ephotosynthesis
4. 4o) pg42-43Fats and oils are collectively called [blank_start]Lipids[blank_end].
   p) All fats are [blank_start]insoluble[blank_end] in water.
   q) Fats are made up of four molecules one [blank_start]glycerol[blank_end] and three [blank_start]fatty acids[blank_end].
   r) Fats can release up to [blank_start]39[blank_end]kj of energy compared to an equal mass of carbohydrate.
   s) One function of fats is as an effective store of [blank_start]energy[blank_end] to be used when [blank_start]glycogen[blank_end] of cells is used up.
   t) The layer of cells that act as a store of fat in the sublayer of the skin is called [blank_start]adipose[blank_end] tissue.
   u) Apart from shock protection of organs, production of fat based hormones (testosterone) and storing fat soluble vitamin ‘ADEK’ fats help keep the heat inside the body that is to [blank_start]insulate[blank_end] the body.
   v) Plants store fats mostly as [blank_start]oils[blank_end] at room temperature in seeds as a food store for seedling [blank_start]germination[blank_end].
   w) Proteins unlike carbohydrates and fats also contain the elements [blank_start]nitrogen[blank_end] and small amounts of [blank_start]sulphur[blank_end].
   x) The basic units of proteins are molecules called [blank_start]amino acids[blank_end] of which there are [blank_start]20[blank_end] different kinds that can be linked in any order. Some like [blank_start]haemoglobin[blank_end] are soluble while [blank_start]keratin[blank_end] of hair and finger nails is insoluble.
   

   1. ALipids
   2. Binsoluble
   3. Cglycerol
   4. Dfatty acids
   5. E39
   6. Fenergy
   7. Gglycogen
   8. Hadipose
   9. Iinsulate
   10. Joils
   11. Kgermination
   12. Lnitrogen
   13. Msulphur
   14. Namino acids
   15. Ohaemoglobin
   16. Pkeratin
   17. Q20
5. 5PG. 44 Protein is used to make new cell as a process of [blank_start]growth[blank_end] and [blank_start]repair[blank_end] in the body. They help the body fight disease by the production of [blank_start]antibodies[blank_end].
   z) Plant proteins are formed when plants transform glucose produced by [blank_start]photosynthesis[blank_end] to proteins’ basic unit amino acids with the use of the minerals ammonia or [blank_start]nitrates[blank_end].
   

   1. Agrowth
   2. Brepair
   3. Cantibodies
   4. Dphotosynthesis
   5. Enitrates

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3-5 Biology Quiz sobre chapter 3 nutrition, criado por allisten cooper em 08-02-2017.

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allisten cooper

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