Quiz
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Perguntas do quiz (30)
1What is the best definition of “digital media”?
- AElectronic media
- BA technology of mass communication
- CMedia content electronically stored and transmitted using binary code
- DThe Internet
2The move from analog to digital media has meant that a single medium, such as the Internet, can deliver previously distinct forms of media content. What term best captures this shift?
- Amedia conglomeration
- Bbehavioral targeting
- Cdigital democracy
- Dtechnological convergence
3Much of the initial funding for the Internet came from the government, particularly the Department of Defense.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
4Who invented the world wide web, a user-friendly network interface that uses hypertext?
- ABill Gates
- BTim Berners-Lee
- CThe Pentagon
- DJoseph Licklider
5Which of the following is not a concern that theorists have expressed about the rise of the Internet in our media environment?
- AThat faster rates of information dissemination discourage individual reflection
- BThat it promotes excessive solitude and self-reflection among users
- CThat the system of hypertext promotes bouncing around from text to text, rather than sticking with a complex idea or argument from start to finish
- DThat it promotes a culture of distraction
6The media theory that argued for the direct and immediate influence of media was:
- APolitical socialization theory
- BThe hypodermic needle model
- CMinimal effects theory
- DCultivation theory
7The two-step flow model of communication asserts that mass media messages flow from _________________ to __________________.
- Aopinion leaders, ordinary people
- Bordinary people, opinion leaders
- Cdeveloped countries, developing countries
- Ddeveloping countries, developed countries
8Which of the following statements is not consistent with the Minimal or Limited Effects Model of media influence?
- AIt’s hard to persuade people to change their attitudes or their behaviors
- BWhen they occur, media effects are usually short term
- CAudiences have a minimal or limited ability to select, filter, and interpret media content
- DIndividual, demographic, and social factors are usually more important in shaping beliefs than media consumption
9Research showing that the issues the media focus on in an election year are very similar to the issues that undecided voters say are important to them supports the theory of agenda-setting.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
10How does cultivation theory challenge the minimal or limited effects model of media influence?
- ACultivation theorists demonstrate how particular media texts noticeably shift beliefs and behaviors in the short term
- BCultivation theorists think that over the long term, heavy TV consumption is more important in shaping beliefs than individual demographic differences.
- CCultivation theorists argue that the influence from overall patterns in media content is more significant that the influence of individual media texts
- DAll of the above
- EB and C only
11Which of the following statements is not an aspect of Social Learning Theory?
- APeople generally learn through imitation, or modeling what they see.
- BFrom models we learn not only behaviors but ways of thinking and perceiving the world.
- CPeople only learn from social interaction, not through the media.
- DSocial learning is more likely to happen when people observe models that are relatable
12Social learning theory is a purely behavioral theory. That is, it predicts how people learn behaviors, but not their thoughts, beliefs, or knowledge.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
13What we do mean when we say that people have become desensitized to violence by the media?
- APeople have become more violent in real life because of consuming so much media violence
- BPeople become more sensitive to violence when they are exposed to it in media.
- CPeople interpret real life violence as less serious due to their exposure to violence in media.
- DAll of the above.
14What form(s) of evidence supports the claim that people sometimes learn to act aggressively from media violence? **UNSURE**
- AShort-term experiments
- BLong-term studies that correlate childhood consumption of media violence with aggressive behavior later in life.
- CNatural experiments where the introduction of television in a community coincides with increases in aggressive behavior among children.
- DAll of the above.
- Eidk
15An example of how media influence is not “direct” but is often mediated by other individual and societal factors is the UNESCO study (discussed by Nancy Signorielli) that found that aggressive people, especially those who live in societies with high levels of aggression, use violent media content to reinforce their beliefs that violence and aggression are acceptable and even a good way to solve problems.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
16Which of the following is the best definition of ideology?
****UNSURE- AIdeology is the official dogma of communism and fascism.
- BIdeology is an elaborate philosophy of language, symbols, and culture based on the analytic distinction between signifier and signified.
- CIdeology is a subliminal set of messages secretly embedded in otherwise neutral media messages like entertainment films and advertisements.
- DIdeology is the realm of taken-for-granted thoughts and ideas in circulation that reflect the power dynamics at work in a society.
17Ideological analysts of media mainly focus on:
- Athe effects of media messages on viewers
- Bthe messages in media content and the way they construct reality
- Cthe economic organization of the media industry
- Dthe policies and laws that regulate media industries
18Antonio Gramsci developed the concept of hegemony which is commonly used by ideological analysts today. He argued that elites largely rule contemporary societies through _______________ rather than by force, and that the production of ____________________ is key to this strategy
- Aconsent; common sense
- Bideology; domination
- Cvoting; media
- Dcommon sense; power
19How does media theorist Stuart Hall explain the concept of “media representation”?
- AMedia reflect the world just like a mirror
- BMedia represent the same images and stories over and over
- CMedia represent the world in a way that actively produces meaning
- DAll of the above
20According to our textbook, why was there such a proliferation of Vietnam movies in the 1980s in the United States?
- AThe U.S. government subsidized production of Vietnam movies.
- BIt was American society’s ideological attempt to overcome the psychic damage from the military loss in Vietnam.
- CThe Vietnamese government pressured the U.S. film industry to produce more Vietnam movies.
- DThe United Nations recommended Vietnam movies to reconcile the conflict.
21Ella Taylor’s analysis of changing images of the family over time on television illustrate which of the following insights from ideological analysis?
- AThat ideological narratives appear to solve real social dilemmas in a neat and tidy way
- BDue to the interplay of hegemonic and counterhegemonic forces, ideological narratives are rarely static, but evolve over time.
- CThat ideological narratives present something that is particular, such as the white, middle-class family experience from the mid-20th century, as if it were universal
- DAll of the above
22Nearly all social scientists recognize that “race” is a:
- ASocially constructed concept whose meaning has changed over time
- BFundamental, biologically based method of classification
- CUseful method of categorization because it never changes
- DConcept that exists only in North America
23Up through the 1950s, portrayals of African Americans in films and on TV:
- AFocused on the life of black people living in urban areas, largely ignoring rural life
- BWere largely controlled by black film and television producers
- CWere more positive than the portrayals of Latinos
- DWere either nonexistent or limited to stereotypical roles such as entertainers or servants
24In his study of local news coverage, Entman argues that “modern racism” is:
- ARacism that occurs after the year 2000
- BDifferent than “traditional racism” because it applies to all racial minorities
- CMore subtle than “traditional racism”
- DMore widespread than all other racism
25As the size of the Latino population in the United States has grown rapidly, the inclusion of Latino characters on television has grown at a similar rate.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
26Unlike other racial and ethnic minorities, Asian-Americans generally feel that their representation in mainstream media is positive.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
27Using the textbook terms of structure and agency, activists representing various identity groups have used their agency to change existing structures by protesting existing media representations and promoting alternatives.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
28The time period when gay and lesbian characters were no longer just ignored, ridiculed, or demonized in mainstream media, but began appearing in more serious and realistic media portrayals was the:
- A1950s and 1960s
- B1960s and 1970s
- C1970s and 1980s
- D1980s and 1990s
29Why was Ellen DeGeneres’ “coming out” on her show Ellen in 1997 considered a milestone in the representation of gay and lesbian people?
- AIt was the first coming out storyline ever on television
- BEllen was the first lesbian character ever on broadcast television
- CEllen was the first openly gay lead character on television
- DAll of the above
30In general, cable television, and particularly pay cable channels like Showtime and HBO, have been more inclusive and at the forefront of featuring gay, lesbian, and bisexual characters in their programming.
****UNSURE- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
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