Questão 1
Questão
[blank_start]Light[blank_end]: waves of electromagnetic radiation.
[blank_start]Rays[blank_end]: travels in straight lines at a constant, very high speed
[blank_start]Particles[blank_end]: discrete packets or 'quanta'.
Responda
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Light
-
Particles
-
Rays
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Light
-
Particles
-
Rays
-
Light
-
Particles
-
Rays
Questão 2
Questão
[blank_start]Cornea[blank_end]: transparent window into the eyeball.
[blank_start]Pupil[blank_end]: dark, circular opening at the centre of the iris, where light enters the eye
[blank_start]Lens[blank_end]: enables changing focus using ciliary muscles
[blank_start]Retina[blank_end]: light-sensitive membrane in the back of the eye that contains rods and cones, which receive an image from the lens and send it back to the brain through the Optic Nerve.
[blank_start]Aqueous/Vitreous Humour[blank_end]: squishy bits
Responda
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Cornea
-
Pupil
-
Lens
-
Retina
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Aqueous/Vitreous Humour
Questão 3
Questão
Transduction occurs when:
Questão 4
Questão
Recombining rays from various directions to form a single point on the imaging surface is known as:
Responda
-
Focusing
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Refracting
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Accommodation
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Transduction
Questão 5
Questão
Focusing is the job of the:
Questão 6
Questão
The [blank_start]cornea[blank_end] refracts light at a constant amount.
The [blank_start]lens[blank_end] refracts light by a variable amount.
Questão 7
Questão
[blank_start]Emmetropia[blank_end]: normal refractive condition
[blank_start]Myopia[blank_end]: short-sightedness
[blank_start]Hyperopia/Hypermetropia[blank_end]: long-sightedness
[blank_start]Presbyopia[blank_end]: inability to change accommodation
[blank_start]Astigmatism[blank_end]: different focal lengths for different orientations
Responda
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Emmetropia
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Myopia
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Hyperopia/Hypermetropia
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Presbyopia
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Astigmatism
Questão 8
Questão
Which of the following is true for myopia:
Responda
-
Focal length is too short
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Light is focused behind the retina
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Need concave corrective lenses
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Occurs with old age
Questão 9
Questão
Rods: [blank_start]high[blank_end] sensitivity; [blank_start]night vision[blank_end]
Cones: [blank_start]lower[blank_end] sensitivity; [blank_start]daytime[blank_end]
Responda
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high
-
low
-
daytime
-
night vision
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high
-
low
-
daytime
-
night vision
Questão 10
Questão
[blank_start]Rods[blank_end] & [blank_start]cones[blank_end] pass electrical impulses to [blank_start]ganglion[blank_end] cells (via [blank_start]bipolar[blank_end]/[blank_start]amacrine[blank_end]/[blank_start]horizontal[blank_end] cells). Ganglion cells have long [blank_start]axons[blank_end] that exit the eyeball via a bundle called the [blank_start]optic nerve[blank_end]. Where the optic nerve leaves the eye, there are no [blank_start]photoreceptors[blank_end] - this is the blind spot.
Responda
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Rods
-
cones
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ganglion
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bipolar
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amacrine
-
horizontal
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axons
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optic nerve
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photoreceptors
Questão 11
Questão
There are many photoreceptors in the optic disk.
Questão 12
Questão
Receptive fields for foveal vision are:
Responda
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Smaller
-
Larger
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Densely packed
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Sparsely packed
Questão 13
Questão
Retinal ganglion cell axons terminate in the
Questão 14
Questão
Properties of OFF Centre cells:
Responda
-
Light on the inner portion causes a decrease in ganglion cell activity
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Tell us how bright an area is
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Help detect local luminance decrements
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Cancel out the effect of ON Centre cells
Questão 15
Questão
Having both OFF and ON Centre cells makes it more difficult to go below the spontaneous firing rate.
Questão 16
Questão
Layers [blank_start]1[blank_end], [blank_start]4[blank_end], and [blank_start]6[blank_end] are from the contralateral eye.
Layers [blank_start]2[blank_end], [blank_start]3[blank_end], and [blank_start]5[blank_end] are from the ipsilateral eye.
Questão 17
Questão
Magnocellular Cells: [blank_start]large[blank_end] RFs, [blank_start]fast[blank_end] response, [blank_start]high[blank_end] sensitivity, process [blank_start]motion[blank_end]
Parvocellular Cells: [blank_start]small[blank_end] RFs, [blank_start]low[blank_end] response, [blank_start]low[blank_end] sensitivity, process [blank_start]colour[blank_end]
Responda
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large
-
fast
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high
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motion
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small
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slow
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low
-
colour
Questão 18
Questão
The majority of the focusing power in the eyes comes from the lens
Questão 19
Questão
High pressure of the aqueous humour can cause:
Responda
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Glaucoma
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Retinal damage
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Blindness
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Myopia
Questão 20
Questão
When our pupils constrict, our depth of focus [blank_start]increases[blank_end].
Questão 21
Questão
[blank_start]Horizontal[blank_end] Cells: receptors synapse with bipolar cells
[blank_start]Amacrine[blank_end] Cells: bipolar cells synapse with ganglion cells
Responda
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Amacrine
-
Horizontal
-
Amacrine
-
Horizontal
Questão 22
Questão
When only rods are active, vision is [blank_start]scotopic[blank_end]; when rods cannot function, vision is [blank_start]photopic[blank_end]; when both rods and cones are active, vision is [blank_start]mesopic[blank_end].
Responda
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scotopic
-
photopic
-
mesopic
Questão 23
Questão
Axons from the [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] side of the retina don't crossover at the optic chiasm.
Questão 24
Questão
How many layers does each LGN have?
Responda
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6 - 2 magnocellular & 4 parvocellular
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4 - 2 magnocellular & 2 parvocellular
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6 - 4 magnocellular & 2 parvocelluolar
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4 - 2 contralateral and 2 ipsilateral in each
Questão 25
Questão
OFF Centre cells are sombrero shaped
Questão 26
Responda
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Only signal the 'edges' in patters
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Respond to absolute rates of intensity
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Nothing changes when the overall level of illumination goes up or down
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Have antagonistic receptive fields
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The surrounding area does the same job as the centre of the cell