Week 9 - Word Recognition & Reading

Average adult readers read silently/aloud at:

[blank_start]Orthography[blank_end]: the spelling of words [blank_start]Phonology[blank_end]: the sound of words [blank_start]Semantics[blank_end]: the meaning of words [blank_start]Syntax[blank_end]: rules for combining words [blank_start]Discourse processing[blank_end]: making inferences

Types of dyslexia: [blank_start]Surface[blank_end]: intact nonword reading, but poor at reading irregular words; e.g. yacht [blank_start]Phonological[blank_end]: intact word reading, poor at reading nonwords; e.g. jink [blank_start]Deep[blank_end]: poor at reading nonwords, plus semantic errors in regular words; e.g. reads 'tulip' as 'rose'

Which type of dyslexia requires exclusive use of the nonlexical route?

Representations of familiar words are stored in the orthographic input lexicon describes which type of dyslexia?

A particular difficulty reading abstract & function words is representative of what type of dyslexia?

Recovering deep dyslexics often become [blank_start]phonological[blank_end] dyslexics.

You are still able to see during saccades.

Words that are not fixated on are likely to be:

There is evidence of the Optical Recognition Point (ORP) in isolated words.

There is evidence that saccade programming time reflect the search for the ORP.

Reading rate is not constant.

[blank_start]Energetic Masking[blank_end]: distracting sounds cause the intelligibility of target words to be degraded [blank_start]Information Masking[blank_end]: cognitive load makes speech perception harder

Energetic masking affects [blank_start]bottom-up[blank_end] processing. Information masking affects [blank_start]top-down[blank_end] processing.

[blank_start]Segmentation[blank_end]: dividing the almost continuous sounds of speech into separate phonemes and words. [blank_start]Coarticulation[blank_end]: a speaker's production of a phoneme is influenced by their production of the previous sound and by preparation of the next sound.

Language is spoken at approximately how many phonemes a second?

[blank_start]Phoneme restoration effect[blank_end]: the finding that listeners are unaware that a phoneme has been deleted and replaced by a non-speech sound within a sentence [blank_start]Ganong effect[blank_end]: the finding that perception of an ambiguous phoneme is biased towards a sound that produces a sound rather than a non-word [blank_start]Uniqueness point[blank_end]: when the available perceptual information is consistent with only one word (during spoken word recognition).