Quiz
Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
Perguntas do quiz (40)
1The health care professional is caring for a person who has a pathologic fracture. The patient asks the professional to explain the condition. What response by the professional is best?
- AThe outer surface of the bone is disrupted, but the inside is intact
- BA stable fracture where the cortex of the bone bends but doesn’t break
- CA fracture that happens at the site of an abnormality already in that bone.
- DIt was caused by the cumulative effects of stress on the bone over time.
2A health care professional is providing education to a group of seasonal athletes. What type of fracture does the professional warn them to avoid?
- AStress
- BGreenstick
- CInsufficiency
- DPathologic
3A patient has a temporary displacement of two bones causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact with each other. What treatment does the health care professional prepare the patient for?
- AInternal fixation
- BReduction and immobilization
- CCalcium phosphate cement
- DLow-density ultrasound
4Improper reduction or immobilization of a fractured femur can result in which outcome after cast removal?
- AThe muscles around the fracture site are weak.
- BThe fracture requires 6 to 8 weeks of physical therapy.
- CThe skin under the cast is dry and flaky.
- DThe bone is not straight.
5Which structure attaches skeletal muscle to bone?
- ATendon
- BLigament
- CBursa
- DMesentery
6What is the tear in a ligament referred to as?
- AFracture
- BStrain
- CDisunion
- DSprain
7A patient seen in the clinic has tissue degeneration or irritation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon. What diagnosis does the health care professional document?
- ALateral epicondylopathy
- BMedial epicondylopathy
- CBursitis
- DLateral tendinitis
8A patient in the Emergency Department has either a tendon or ligament injury. What pain description from the patient would the health care professional associate with these injuries?
- ADull and diffuse, persisting over the distribution of the tendon or ligament
- B. Sharp and localized, persisting over the distribution of the tendon or ligament
- CPins-and-needle sensations that occur distal to the injury with movement
- DIntermittent and aching, occurring over the distribution of the tendon or ligament
9A student asks for an explanation of rhabdomyolysis. What response by the professor is best?
- AParalysis of skeletal muscles, resulting from an impaired nerve supply
- BSmooth muscle degeneration, resulting from ischemia
- CLysis of skeletal muscle cells through the initiation of the complement cascade
- DRelease of myoglobin from damaged striated muscle cells
10Which pathophysiologic alteration precedes crush syndrome after prolonged muscle compression?
- AMuscle ischemia
- BMyoglobinuria
- CVolkmann contracture
- DNeural injury
11By the time osteoporosis is visible on an x-ray examination, up to what percent of bone has been lost?
- A30%
- B40%
- C50%
- D60%
12A patient has a bone density T score of -2.8. What diagnosis does the health care professional educate the patient on?
- AOsteoplasia
- BOsteoporosis
- COsteopenia
- DOsteomalacia
13Which type of osteoporosis would a person develop after having the left leg in a cast for 8 weeks to treat fracture of the tibia and fibula?
- AIatrogenic
- BRegional
- CIdiopathic
- DOsteoblastic
14In osteoporosis, the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) activates what?
- AOsteoclast apoptosis
- BOsteoblast survival
- COsteoprotegerin
- DOsteoclast survival
15A health care professional who works with older women understands that which changes are believed to play a significant role in the development of age-related bone loss?
- AIncreased oxidative stress and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species
- BHypoparathyroidism
- CIncreased body weight
- DDecreased formation and short life span of osteoclasts
16Which hormone exerts antiapoptotic effects on osteoblasts but proapoptotic effects on osteoclasts?
- AParathyroid hormone
- BGlucocorticoid
- CGrowth hormone
- DEstrogen
17A patient is brought to the Emergency Department after being found by neighbors. The patient says she has been lying on the floor in the house for 3 days. What action by the health care professional is best?
- AOrder a serum creatine kinase (CK) level
- BObtain an x-ray of the patient’s hips
- CArrange for the patient to have a DXA scan
- DPerform the Fracture Risk Assessment
18The health care professional teaches a group of seniors that the most common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis is which of these?
- ABone deformity
- BBone pain
- CPathologic fracture
- DMuscle strain
19A patient has been diagnosed with Paget disease. What explanation of the disease does the health care professional provide the patient?
- A“It is a severe infection in your bones.”
- B“It is a problem with bone resorption and formation.”
- C“It is a condition in which your bones become soft.”
- D“It’s a disorder of altered energy production in muscle.”
20A health care professional determines that the student needs more education when the student makes which statement about treating bone infection?
- ABone contains multiple microscopic channels that are impermeable to the cells and biochemicals of the body’s natural defenses.
- BMicrocirculation of bone is highly vulnerable to damage and destruction by bacterial toxins, leading to ischemic necrosis of bone.
- CBone cells have a limited capacity to replace bone destroyed by infections.
- DBacteria are walled off by macrophages and T lymphocytes; consequently, the antibiotics cannot penetrate the infected area.
21Bone death as a result of osteomyelitis is due to what?
- AFormation of immune complexes at the site of infection
- BLocalized ischemia
- CTumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 (IL-1)
- DImpaired nerve innervation at the site of infection
22A student studying osteomyelitis and asks for an explanation of the term “sequestrum.” What response by the professor is best?
- AAn area of devascularized and devitalized bone
- BAn enzyme that phagocytizes necrotic bone
- CA subperiosteal abscess
- DA layer of new bone surrounding the infected bone
23A patient in the clinic had a femur x-ray that was read as having a “moth-eaten” appearance. What treatment option does the health care professional discuss with the patient?
- ALimb-salvaging surgery
- BAmputation
- COral bisphosphonates
- DCalcium and vitamin D supplements
24Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of osteosarcoma?
- ASlow-growing tumor that begins in the bone marrow and infiltrates the trabeculae
- BSolitary tumor that most often affects the metaphyseal region of the femur or tibia
- CAggressive tumor most often found in the bone marrow of long bones
- DTumor that infiltrates the trabeculae in spongy bone and implants in surrounding
tissue by seeding
25A professor has taught the class about giant cell bone tumors. Which statement by a student would require the professor to review the material?
- AGiant cell tumors are an overexpression of genes including osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL).
- BThe tumors are malignant, solitary, and irregularly shaped.
- CGiant cell tumors are typically located in the epiphysis in the femur, tibia, radius, and humerus.
- DThey are slow-growing tumors that extend over the articular cartilage.
26Which patient finding would lead the health care professional to assess the patient for inflammatory joint disease?
- AUnilateral joint involvement
- BNormal joint synovial fluid
- CAbsence of synovial membrane inflammation
- DSystemic symptoms of inflammation
27What is a primary defect in osteoarthritis?
- AStromelysin and acid metalloproteinase breakdown articular cartilage.
- BImmunoglobulin G (IgG) destroys the synovial membrane
- CSynovial membranes become inflamed.
- DCartilage-coated osteophytes create bone spurs.
28A patient reports joint stiffness with movement and joint pain in weightbearing joints that is usually relieved by rest. What treatment option does the health care professional discuss with the patient?
- AWays to decrease serum uric acid
- BAdministration of oral methotrexate
- CExercise and weight reduction
- DRapid intravenous hydration
29A patient has ankylosing spondylitis. Which description of this condition by the health care professional is most accurate?
- AChronic inflammatory disease with stiffening and fusion of the spine and sacroiliac joints
- BChronic systemic inflammatory disease that affects many tissues and organs
- CState of abnormal and excessive bone resorption and formation
- DWide-spread and deep chronic muscle pain, fatigue, and tender points
30What is the primary pathologic alteration resulting from ankylosing spondylitis (AS)?
- AInflammation of the bursa
- BInflammation of the long bones
- CInflammation of fibrocartilaginous joints of the vertebrae
- DInflammation of the small hand and feet bones
31A person in the health care clinic has gout. In order to prevent a common complication, what self-care measure does the health care professional teach the person about?
- ADrinking plenty of water
- BSplinting affected joints
- CEating more protein
- DAvoiding hot weather
32What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis?
- AReduced excretion of purines
- BOverproduction of uric acid
- CIncrease in the glycosaminoglycan levels
- DOverproduction of proteoglycans
33The pathophysiologic presentation of gout is closely linked to the metabolism of which chemical?
- APurine
- BPyrimidine
- CVitamin E
- DAmino acid
34A patient in the clinic is worried about having fibromyalgia. For which symptoms should the health care professional assess the patient for?
- AHot, tender, and edematous muscle groups bilaterally
- BFasciculations of the upper and lower extremity muscles
- CExercise intolerance and painful muscle cramps
- DSensitivity at tender points and profound fatigue
35A health care professional is teaching a group of college women about increasing calcium in the diet to prevent osteoporosis. A participant asks at what age is peak bone mass is reached in women. What response is best?
- A15 years
- B20 years
- C30 years
- D35 years
36What event is associated with the beginning of bone loss in women?
- APuberty
- BSexual activity
- CChildbirth
- DMenopause
37A patient in the clinic has calcium crystals that are associated with chronic gout. How does the professional document this finding?
- AStones
- BSpurs
- CTophi
- DNodes
38What are the primary sources of bacterial infections that lead to hematogenous bone infection? (Select all that apply.)
- ASinus
- BEar
- CDental
- DCutaneous
- EThroat
39Which structures are most often affected by Paget disease? (Select all that apply.)
- AVertebrae
- BSkull
- CSternum
- DMetacarpals
- EPelvis
40Which clinical manifestations are characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis? (Select all that apply.)
- ASubcutaneous tissue crystals
- BAnorexia
- CPainful, stiffening of joints
- DEdema of the wrists
- EFever
Informações
- Descrição
- Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 8th Edition
- Autor
- Emily Doyle
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 1.535
- Etiquetas
- Avaliação
- 5,0 de 5 · 1 avaliação Avalie este quiz