Quiz
Molecular Genetics
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Perguntas do quiz (74)
1The first step in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is
- ADenaturation
- BCooling
- CAnnealing
- DPrimer extension
2In a polymerase chain reaction, a synthetic sequence of nucleotides are involved in
- ADenaturing
- BHeating
- CCooling
- DCopying
- EAll of the above
3Bacteria protect themselves from viruses by fragmenting viral DNA upon entry with
- ALigases
- BEndonucleases
- CMethylases
- DVectors
- EProbes
4When "sticky ends" are paired, they can be joined by
- ARestriction Enzymes
- BpSC101
- CMethylases
- DX-gal
- EDNA ligase
5One of the most useful methods for identifying a specific gene is
- AWestern blot
- BSouthern blot
- CEastern blot
- DMagnetic resonance imaging
- EThin chromatography
6The Polymerase Chain Reaction is used to:
- Aamplify a small amount of DNA
- Bcleave bacterial plasmids
- Cseal "sticky ends"
- Didentify target plasmids
- Enone of the above
7When tryptophan is present in the medium, the transcription of tryptophan producing genes in E. coli is stopped by a helix-turn-helix regulator binding to the
- Atrp repressor
- Btrp operon
- Ctrp promoter
- Dtrp operator
- Etrp polymerase
8When tryptophan is present in the environment of E. coli, the tryptophan binds to the
- Atrp operon
- Btrp promoter
- Ctrp operator
- Dtrp repressor
- Etrp polymerase
9The operon that controls tryptophan producing genes in E. coli consists of _______________
- Aactivator
- Bregulator
- Cpromoter
- Doperator
- Erepressor
10In order for a gene to be transcribed, RNA polymerase must have access to the DNA helix and be able to bind to the genes
- Aactivator
- Bregulator
- Cpromoter
- Doperator
- Erepressor
11In the function of the lac operon in E. coli, the lac genes are transcribed in the presence of lactose because
- ARNA polymerase binds to the operator
- Bthe repressor cannot bind to the promoter
- Can isomer of lactose binds to the repressor
- DCAP does not bind to the operator
- Eof the absence of cAMP
12The role of methylation of DNA is now viewed as
- Ainterfering with DNA transcription by blocking base pairing between cytosine and guanine
- Bcomplexing with enhancers to prevent transcription
- Cprevention of mutation
- Dinsuring that genes that are turned off, stay off
- Eirrelevant to gene transcription
13E. coli is able to use foods other than glucose in the absence of available glucose, because falling levels of glucose cause an increase of
- AcAMP
- BCAP
- Clactase
- Dglu operon
- EtRNA
14In the absence of glucose, E. coli can import lactose to change into glucose and galactose because CAP binds to the
- AcAMP
- BDNA
- Clac operon
- Doperator
- Erepressor
15Which is not part of the lac operon?
- Arepressor
- Bactivator protein
- Coperator
- Dpromoter
- Estructural gene
16In an operon the location of the regulatory region occurs ________ the structural genes.
- Aafter
- Bwithin
- Cbefore
17Which of the following is part of an operon?
- Astructural genes
- Boperator
- Cpromoter
- Da CAP binding site
- Eall of the above
18Transcription is initiated when RNA polymerase binds to
- Apromoter
- Binitiator
- Ccodon
- Dtranscriptor
19In eukaryotes, there are _______________ codons that specify amino acids
- A21
- B24
- C61
- D64
- E100
20In eukaryotes, the "start" codon also specifies the amino acid,
- Aphenylalanine
- Bvaline
- Cmethionine
- Daspartate
21In transcription, the nucleotide sequence CAT in DNA would specify _______________ in mRNA.
- ATAC
- BGAU
- CCAT
- DGTU
- EGUA
22The genetic code consists of groups of three nucleotides called
- Acodons
- Bintrons
- Canticodons
- Dreading frame
- Etriplets
23The function of tRNA is to
- Aprovide a site for polypeptide synthesis
- Btransport amino acids to the ribosome
- Ctravel to the ribosome to direct the assembly of polypeptides
- Dtranscribe DNA
- Etranslate DNA
24In the formation of an initiation complex, a _______________ is positioned first.
- Amet-tRNA
- Bser-tRNA
- Ctyr-rRNA
- Dmval-tRNA
- Ecyst-tRNA
25The function of mRNA is to
- Aprovide a site for polypeptide synthesis
- Btransport amino acids to the ribosome
- Ctravel to the ribosome to direct the assembly of polypeptides
- Dtranscribe DNA
- Etranslate DNA
26The process of _______________ cuts introns from the primary transcript and the final "processed" mRNA is produced.
- ARNA cleaving
- BRNA translocation
- CRNA splicing
- DRNA elongation
- ERNA releasing
27In the process of translation,
- Aa strand of mRNA is formed with nucleotide sequences complementary to those of DNA
- Bnucleotide sequences of tRNA are established
- Ca polypeptide is formed in response to the rRNA nucleotide sequence
- DrRNA is synthesized with sequences complementary to those of tRNA
- Ea polypeptide is formed as dictated by the nucleotide sequence in mRNA
28In mRNA, the series of nucleotides CCC specifies
- Aserine
- Bproline
- Calanine
- Darginine
- Estop
29A molecule of tRNA with the anticodon AAA will transport the amino acid
- Aphenylalanine
- Blysine
- Cglycine
- Dleucine
- Ealanine
30As polypeptides are formed at the ribosome, elongation continues until _______________ is exposed.
- Aa release factor
- Ban intron
- Ca nonsense codon
- Dan exon
- Epolypeptidases
31Which one of the following is not a kind of RNA?
- AmRNA
- BtRNA
- CrRNA
- DnRNA
- EAll of the above are kinds of RNA
32The direct result of transcription is
- Aa duplicate DNA molecule
- BnRNA
- Cprotein
- DmRNA
- Enone of the above
33The direct result of translation is
- Aduplicate DNA
- BmRNA
- Cprotein
- DnRNA (nuclear RNA)
- Enone of the above
34Which one of the following is not associated with transcription?
- AtRNA
- BmRNA
- CnRNA
- DrRNA
- Eall of the above
35Which one of the following is not associated with translation?
- AtRNA
- BmRNA
- CrRNA
- Danticodons
- EAll are involved with translation
36According to Chargaff's rule, the following proportion exists in DNA
- AA=G
- BC=G
- CT=G
- DA>T
- EC>G
37The actual synthesis of DNA in E. coli is the function of
- Apolymerase I
- Bprimase
- Cprimer
- Dpolymerase III
- Eligase
38Since the first nucleotides cannot be linked in a newly synthesized strand in DNA replication, ___________ is required.
- ADNA primer
- BDNA ligase
- CDNA polymerase
- DRNA primer
- Ehelicase
39The fact that some viruses use DNA to direct their heredity was demonstrated by
- Afinding radioactive sulfur from a bacteriophage in a bacterium
- Bfinding radioactive phosphorus from a bacterium in a bacteriophage
- Cfinding that radioactive phosphorus from a bacteriophage had mutated in bacterium
- Dfinding radioactive phosphorus from a bacteriophage in a bacterium
- Efinding radioactive sulfur from a bacterium in a bacteriophage
40Okazaki fragments are used to elongate
- Athe leading strand toward the replication fork
- Bthe lagging strand toward the replication fork
- Cboth strands in both directions
- Dthe leading strand away from the replication fork
- Ethe lagging strand away from the replication fork
41In nucleic acids, the free hydroxyl group is attached to the _______________ carbon of the sugar.
- A5'
- B4'
- C3'
- D2'
- E1'
42A single enzyme is specified by a single
- Agene
- Bchromosome
- Cnucleosome
- Dnucleotide
- Ehistone
43In replication of DNA, the helix is opened and untwisted by
- Aribase
- Bprimase
- Cdeoxase
- Dhelicase
- Eligase
44_______________ join DNA fragments to the lagging strand
- Atelomeres
- Bcentromeres
- Chelicases
- Dligases
- Epolymerases
45Which statement about the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication is correct?
- AIt is synthesized in a 3' --> 5' direction.
- BIt progresses (grows) toward the replication fork
- CIt requires a short RNA primer to proceed.
- DIt is synthesized by DNA ligase
- EIt is synthesized continuously
46If one side of a DNA molecule contains the following sequence of nucleotides, AGTCCG, the complementary sequence on the other side would be:
- AGCCTGA
- BAGTCCG
- CTCAGGC
- DCTGAAT
- Enone of the above
47During your summer job at Virotech, you isolate a previously unknown virus. Analysis of its genome reveals that it is composed of a double stranded DNA molecule containing 14% T (thymine). Based on this information, what would you predict the %C (cytosine) to be?
- A14%
- B28%
- C36%
- D72%
- Ecan't tell!
48The process of acquiring a gene from another organism is called transformation.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
49The Hershey-Chase experiment showed that the virus protein is responsible for directing the production of new viruses.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
50The two sides of the double helix structure of DNA are held together with hydrogen bonds.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
51DNA replication is called semiconservative because half of each of the two new strands of DNA is "old" DNA from the original DNA molecule and half is "new" DNA.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
52Genetic engineering has been used to do all of the following except:
- Amake plants more resistant to frost
- Bmake plants more resistant to disease
- Cmake plants more resistant to herbicides
- Dimprove the nutritional balance of plants
- Eall of the above
53According to Mendel, which of the following cause an organism's size, colour and markings?
- AChromosomes
- BGenes
- CAlleles
- DFactors
54Which term is associated with eukaryotic DNA?
- Achrosome
- Bhistone
- Ctelomere
- Dall of the above
55If 28% of a segment of DNA is composed of guanine, how much of the segment is adenine?
- A7%
- B22%
- C28%
- DThere is no way to determine this.
56How did the work of Franklin and Wilkins contribute to the discovery of the structure of DNA?
- AThey determined the rule of base pairing
- BThey determined that DNA has an X shape
- CThey determined the double helix structure
- DThey determined that the strands run antiparallel
57Which of these findings made Watson and Crick confident that their DNA model was correct?
- AChargaff's base-pairing ratios
- BPauling's three-strand model
- CFranklin's early disagreement with the double helix theory
- DAll of the above
58What would have been the results of Meselson and Stahl's experiment if DNA had undergone conservative replication?
- Aone band containing only 14N
- Bone band containing only 15N
- Ctwo bands: one of 15N and 14N
- Dthree bands: one of 15N, one of 14N, and one of 1:1 14N:15N
59Which characteristics of the structure of DNA results in a lagging strand and a leading strand during DNA replication?
- Aits phosphate backbone
- Bits antiparallel strands
- Cthe ratio of purines to pyrimidines
- Dthe full twist every ten nucleotides
60What is the function of DNA ligase in replication?
- AIt initiates a replication bubble
- BIt prevents DNA strands from tangling
- CIt places nucleotides to form a new DNA strand
- DIt fills gaps on the lagging strand
61Which method do prokaryotes use to compact DNA?
- ASpooling around a histone
- BForming a nucleosome
- CSupercoiling
- DWinding into solenoids
62Where are telomeres located?
- AAt ends of chromosomes
- BOn the leading strand
- CAt the replication fork
- DOn prokaryotic plasmids
63What is the name of Beadle and Tatum's original hypothesis?
- AOne gene-one sequence hypothesis
- BOne gene-one enzyme hypothesis
- COne gene-one peptide hypothesis
- DOne gene-one polypeptide hypothesis
64What is the sequence of information transfer, as outlined by the central dogma?
- ADNA -> tRNA -> mRNA --> polypeptide
- BDNA -> mRNA -> tRNA --> polypeptide
- CDNA -> mRNA -> rRNA --> polypeptide
- DDNA -> rRNA -> tRNA --> polypeptide
65Where is the TATA box found?
- AIn the termination sequence that stops DNA polymerase
- BIn the termination sequence that stops RNA polymerase
- CIn the promoter that enables the binding of DNA polymerase
- DIn the promoter that enables the binding of RNA polymerase
66What happens during capping and tailing?
- AA methyl 5' tail and poly(A) cap are added
- BA methyl 3' tail and poly(A) cap are added
- CA methyl 5' cap and poly(A) tail are added
- DA methyl 3' cap and poly(A) tail are added
67How is the lac operon inhibited?
- AThe lac repressor is not synthesized by the lacl gene
- BRNA polymerase is inhibited by high concentrations of allolactase
- CThe lac repressor is inhbited by high concentrations of allolactase
- DAllolactase is not present to bind with the lac repressor
68Which term refers to a point mutation that results in a different amino acid in a particular position?
- AMissense mutation
- BSilent mutation
- CNonsense mutation
- DFrameshift mutation
69What is the molecular tool scientists use to cut a DNA fragment from a larger piece of DNA?
- ARestriction enzymes
- BDNA primase
- CMethylase
- DDNA ligase
70After excising a DNA fragment that contains a target gene, what should a molecular biologist do?
- AIntroduce a vector into a suitable organism
- BIsolate a desired gene or DNA fragment
- CSelect the transformed cells
- DInsert the gene into a vector
71Which chemical compound can be used to stain a completed electrophoresis gel?
- AEthidium bromide
- BLoading dye
- CMolecular marker
- DDNA polymerase
72During PCR, double-stranded DNA is separated into two single strands of DNA. What is this step called?
- ASplicing
- BDenaturation
- CExtension
- DAnnealing
73After 8 PCR cycles, how many target sequences have been synthesized?
- A8
- B16
- C240
- D256
74How does genetic therapy differ from traditional methods of treating a disease?
- AIt targets the effects of the disease
- BIn some cases, it fixes the genetic code itself
- CIt reverses the damage done to the body
- DIt replaces the need for organ transplant
Informações
- Descrição
- Quiz sobre Molecular Genetics, criado por Nadia Siddique em 17-01-2016.
- Autor
- Nadia Siddique
- Idioma
- English
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