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Perguntas do quiz (145)
1The patterned ways in which power is legitimately used in a society to regulate behavior referred to as:
- ASocial structure
- BFoundational organization
- CPolitical organization
- DSocial differences
- EElitism
2Fear of witchcraft accusations would best be categorized as:
- AA formal mechanism of justice.
- BAn informal mechanism of social control
- CA use of psychology by authorities to control unwanted society members
- DIrrational, since witches do not exist in any society
- EThe best way to avoid being the victim of a witch or sorcerer
3A society's political organization is primarily related to:
- AThe ecology of the area that they inhabit.
- BThe degrees of access individuals and groups have to basic material resources.
- CThe presence of powerful individuals within the society
- DThe political organization of neighboring societies
- EWhether or not they were ever colonized
4An important way of resolving conflict in band-level societies involves all of the following except:
- ARidicule
- BIndividuals moving from one band to another
- CContests between individuals
- DPublic confession
- EImprisonment
5In a society that is characterized by age grades:
- AChiefs control all of the critical material resources
- BPeople follow a well-ordered progression through a series of age-related life stages.
- CRituals are rarely necessary
- DPeople who lack the necessary skills to progress to the next grade are cast out of society
- EPeople are very unlikely to make significant investments in warfare
6Which of the following best characterizes "ethnic groups"?
- AA group of families living in a well-defined geographical location
- BA group of individuals who are, at some level, all biologically related to each other
- CA group of people who all speak the same language
- DA gorup of people who all seem to others to look like each other
- EA group of people who view themselves as sharing an identity that separates them from others in society
7The tribal "big man" is an inherited position of leadership
- ATrue
- BFalse
8A tribal society:
- AIs a creation of Western colonial administrators and not naturally occurring
- BImagines all of its members to be related by kinship
- CIs characterized by peaceful relations among its different segments
- DLacks any social mechanisms to hold its different units together
- EIs constantly in a state of warfare
9A religious cosmology, or world view, functions primarily to:
- AGive meaning and order to the lives of believers
- BDifferentiate primitive from civilized societies
- CIncrease technical control over the physical environment
- DIncrease the upper class' control of the lower class
- EKeep a society in a constant state of conflict
10Prayer and magic are most likely to be used when:
- APeople are superstitious
- BThe outcome of an event is uncertain
- CPeople are not Christians
- DThe outcome of an event is certain and the success of the technique is assured
- EPeople have sufficient time to carefully consider an event
11Use of the world "myth" is problematic in anthropology because:
- AMany things we call myths are true
- BSince "myth" is generally used to talk about ancient culture, it is more appropriate to history or archaeology
- CWe tend to use it to describe others' beliefs that we consider false but rarely apply it to our own beliefs
- D"Myths" generally refer to origin stories but religious tories cover many subjects
- EThe central characters of "myths" are generally hero figures, but understanding these isn't very important in anthropology
12The Christian notion that reenacting the Last Supper stands for communion with God is an example of:
- ASuperstition
- BScience
- CProphecy
- DMagic
- ESymbolism
13A primary function of rites of intensification is to:
- AHelp an individual through a personal crisis
- BHelp a young man in his search for a guardian spirit
- CRegulate male-female conflict within a society
- DReinforce the values and norms of the community and strengthen group identity
- ERestrain the ghosts of dead people from taking revenge on the living
14The purpose of divination is to:
- AGet in contact with the divine
- BFind water
- CProve that God exists
- DFind something hidden
- ECast a spell on an enemy
15A sorcerer who manipulates the fingernails of an intended victim to cause harm to that person is using:
- AMythological magic
- BContagious magic
- CEcological magic
- DPsychological reductionism
- ESuperstitious magic
16In anthropology, the term "priest" refers to:
- AAnyone who considers themselves a true believer in any religion
- BA member of the Catholic clergy
- CA religious leader who claims to be able to personally converse with God
- DSomeone who has made a life-long study of religion
- EA person formally elected, appointed, or hired to a full-time religious office
17_____ is a religious order that contains a combination of different religious
- AAtheism
- BMannerism
- CSuper religion
- DPhilosophical religions
- ESyncretism
18A type of a religious spirit thought of - "As a figure having the thought processes and emotions similar to humans" is known as
- AAnthropomorphic
- BAnthropopsychic
- CGhosts
- DZoomorphic
- ENaturalistic
19A nativistic religious movement is:
- AAn attempt by an economically powerful group to maintain its control of society.
- BA religious movement that looks to the re-establishment of a past golden age
- CA series of rituals designed to determine who is and who is not a true member of a group
- DAn ecclesiastical movement to convert nonbelievers
- EAn attempt by the state to impose state religion on its citizens
20Which of the following is the most important function of marriage?
- AAgreement between parties to maximize sexual competition
- BCreation of a stable environment in which to raise children
- CArrangement between families for economic gain
- DAccord between individuals so that they can obtain political status
- ERitual ordained by religion so that the church can endure
21If you live in a society that practices exogamy, you must:
- AHave more than one husband or wife
- BGet married (no one is allowed to be a single adult)
- CMarry someone of your own social group
- DMarry someone of a different social group
- EMarry someone chosen by your mother's parents
22One of the exceptions to the almost universal prohibition on brother/sister marriage was among:
- AThe Toda of India
- BThe Tiwi of Australia
- CThe ancient Hawaiian royalty
- DThe Kipsigis of East Africa
- EMedieval European royalty
23In a system of cross-cousin marriage, a man would be required to marry:
- AHis mother's sister's daughter
- BHis mother's brother's daughter
- CHis father's brother's daughter
- DA woman with whom he has no blood relations
- EA member of his own village
24When a society practices polygyny:
- AMost men will have more than one wife
- BSome men will have more than one wife
- CSome women will have more than one husband
- DMost women will have more than one husband
- ESome men will have more than one wife and some women will have more than one husband
25If your society has avunculocal residence, then, after marriage, a new couple will be expected to live with:
- AThe husband's family
- BThe wife's family
- CThe chief's family
- DTheir maternal grandmother's family
- EThe husband's mother's brother's family
26Neolocal residence is when a couple can choose to live with either the wife or the husband's family
- ATrue
- BFalse
27The practice of _____ is when a man's wife ies, and the deceased woman's sister is given to him as a wife
- ALevirate
- BPolygyny
- CIncestuous union
- DSororate
- EPolyandry
28Which of the following post marital residential pattern is usually practiced by people of matrilineal lineage?
- APatrilocal
- BMatrilocal
- CNeolocal
- DAvunlocal
- EMatrilineal
29Margaret Mead's study of the Arapesh, Mundugamor, and Tchambuli showed that:
- AWomen in all cultures have the same personality traits
- BOnly in the US are women primarily concerned with child care
- CThe relationship between gender and personality varies with cultural expectations
- DWhere women work, they are more likely to be aggressive
- EWhere women's qualities are valued, men's qualities are likely to be devalued
30Men in Andalusia, Spain generally view women as:
- AAngels
- BLustful
- CNaive
- DTrustworth
- EMore intelligent than men
31The hijra subculture:
- AHas no connection to the rest of Indian society
- BIs ignored by Indian society
- CWas introduced by the British into Indian society
- DHas disappeared from Indian society
- EHas a ritual role in Indian society
32One of the world's most sexually repressed societies is the:
- AInuit
- BIrish of Inis Beag
- CPeasant villages of Southern Spain
- DArapesh of New Guinea
- EUnited States of America
33In gender studies, the idea of the public/private dichotomy refers to the notion that:
- ABehavior of both men and women is different in the public sphere than in the private sphere
- BMen act differently toward women in the public than they do in private
- CWomen are able to maintain more power over men if their actions are public than if they are private
- DPrivate relationships between men and women are threatened by public disclosure
- ESocieties are divided into a private world dominated by women and a public world dominated by men
34Which of the following is common in horticultural societies?
- AMen's cults are closed to women
- BWomen earn their living by market trading
- CWomen control the cash crop, but men control subsistence crops
- DMen are likely to adopt innovations rapidly, but women are not
- EWomen are key religious leaders
35An alternative gender role in Tahiti is known as _____
- ABerdache
- BKoho basia
- CMahu
- DXanith
- EHijra
36The idea that gender is "constructed" means that:
- AMost cultures have few expectations about behavior as it relates to gender
- BIn a free society, like the US, we can take on any gender characteristics we like
- CMasculine and feminine are essentially the same in all cultures, and any differences across cultures are relatively superficial
- DGender is established by social norms and values rather than biology
- EGender traits are best analyzed with reference to material items, especially the built enviroment
37According to the readings in the Elvio book, "The Haitian article" states that Haitians believe that Zombies are the living dead raised from their graves by malevolent ____
- AFrench Catholic priests
- BNuer sorcerers
- CVoodoo sorcerers
- DTraditional African priests
- EThe devil in the Christian faith
38According to the Haitians article the case of Clavius who returned to his sister and claimed to be a zombie was unique because
- AHe looked just like a regular person
- BThere is medical record that he actually died at an American directed hospital
- CProved that Zombies have good memory
- DHe remember his death and burial
39Which of the following correctly defines "bride service"?
- AA ritual done in many cultures in which a man pledges his daughter to the son of a friend
- BPayments made by the family of the bride to the family of the groom
- CPayments made to cover the cost of rituals associated with marriage
- DLabor preformed by the groom for the family of the bride
- EGifts given to a newly married couple, particularly grifts associated with preparing and serving food
40Gender has to do with our biological sexual characteristics while our sex is the cultural role assigned to men and women
- ATrue
- BFalse
41Which of the following is true of fraternal polyandry in Tibet?
- AAll the brothers are equal in authority
- BThe wife is supposed to favor the elder brother sexually
- CIt is not important to link children biologically to particular brothers
- DAll of the above
42As the Kayapo of the Xingu River Basin in Souther America demonstrate, people in non-industrial societies:
- ADo not understand their enviroment
- BHave very simple methods for managing their resources
- CWould be better off with modern technology
- DAre committed to becoming modernized
- EHave adapted to their environments without the use of modern science
43Historically, the greatest source of environmental degradation has been:
- ASlash and burn farming practiced by traditional peoples
- BConsumer desires and energy needs in wealthy nations
- CSlash and burn farming practiced by modern peasants
- DTraditional agriculture done without soil erosion control techniques
- ECollection and burning of wood for cooking fires in large cities in poor nations
44The major areas of pastoralism are found in:
- AEast Africa, the Australian desert, and the Canadian arctice
- BNorth AMerica, the highlands of South America, and the Pacific Islands
- CEast Africa, Southwest Asia, and the Subarctic
- DEastern Europe, Southwest Asia, and North Africa
- ESouth American tropical forests, the Australian desert, and North Africa
45A critical form of cultural knowledge trypically passed from fathers to elder sons in Maasai society is:
- AHunting techniques in a marginal environment
- BEnvironmental knowledge and how livestock is moved
- CMarket trade and economic partners
- DTraditional healing techniques
- EMeans of contacting the supernatural and asking for abundance
46Which of the following best illustrates transhumant pastoralism?
- AThe male cattle pastoralists of East Africa have two settlements and move their herds between these, while the women stay in the permanent dwelling year-round
- BThe Saami reindeer herders and their families move across the frozen landscape during the winter months and in the summer take jobs as day laborers
- CThe Yarahmadzai of Iran move with the entire village during the year from settlement to settlement, never knowing where they will be next
- DThe Quechua herd their alpacas from one pasture to another as needed, depending on the climate. They never move their residence.
47Rural cultivators who produce for the subsistence of their households but are also integrated into larger, more complex state societies are called:
- AFarmers
- BHorticulturalists
- CAgriculturalists
- DPeasants
- EPeons
48Agriculture is characterized by a:
- ASimple technology, such as the use of a digging stick
- BLow population densities when compared with other food getting strategies
- CRelatively complex techniques of water and soil control
- DSlashing and burning of forest cover
- ENomadic movement of village populations
49According to "When Brothers Share a Wife," polyandry in Tibet
- Ais considered detrimental to social structure
- Bis based on the need for population growth
- Cconsists of brothers marrying the same woman
- Dcauses early death for many women
50The yield per person per unit of land is known as the population density
- ATrue
- BFalse
51Which of the following was true of hunter-gatherer societies
- Aresources equally distributed
- Bprimarily polygamous
- Ccentralized leadership
- Dall of the above
- Enone of the above
52Which of the following was true of hunter-gatherer societies
- Aresources equally distributed
- Bprimarily polygamous
- Ccentralized leadership
- Dall of the above
- Enone of the above
53musha is the money sent back to the village by migrant labor
- Atrue
- Bfalse
54the number of individuals supported persquare mile of earth is called maximum capacity of the land
- Atrue
- Bfalse
55how is pastoralism different from ranching
- Apastoralists raise their animals on semi-arid grasslands whose vegetation is not a human food source, while ranchers feed their livestock grain, a human food source
- Bwhile ranchers see their animals of sources of meat and wealth, pastoralists, see their animals as spirits
- Camong the ranching groups animals are fed only grass while in pastoralist groups animals are fed human food on special occasions
- Dranchers often consider their animals as part of their family whereas vegetation in a pastoral society animals are associated with the spirit world
56the integration of resources, labor, and capital into a global network is called ___
- Aproduction
- Bglobalization
- Csedentism
- Dtranshumant tradition
- Edemocracy
57in a typical, traditional japanese family, according to 'who needs love,' the husband
- Adoes not tell his wife that he likes her or thank her for what she does for him
- Bspends very little time with the children
- Cspends little time talking to his wife
- Dall of the above
- Enone of the above
58the critical elements of any economic system are:
- Areciprocity, redistribution, and market exchange
- Bproduction, distribution and consumption
- Ccurrency, capital, and exchange
- Dgovernment, exchange and consumption
- Eagriculture, trade and taxation
59in economics, economizing behavior is
- Abehavior designed to save money for a household
- Bchoosing to buy a generic rather than a name brand product
- Cattempting to increase profits by investing savings
- Donly present in capitalistic market economies
- Emaking choices in ways believed to provide the greatest benefit
60in economics, economizing behavior is
- Abehavior designed to save money for a household
- Bchoosing to buy a generic rather than a name brand product
- Cattempting to increase profits by investing savings
- Donly present in capitalistic market economies
- Emaking choices in ways believed to provide the greatest benefit
61material goods, natural resources or information used to create other goods or information is known as the
- Aeconoimc system
- Bconsumption resources
- Cdistributive resources
- Dproductive resources
- Eeconomizing behavior
62among the lacandon maya, an extensive cultivating society:
- Aindivuduals have the right to buy and sell any land use
- Bindividuals retain right to land they have cleared even if they leave it fallow
- Cindividuals and families must petition the chief yearly for an allotment of land
- Dindividuals may not buy and sell land but heads of families may do so
- Eindividuals may only gain access to land through inheritance
63among extensive cultivators, one of the key factors that determine whether land will be considered exclusive and defended is
- Acontact with western cultures
- Bthe types of crops planted
- Cthe presence of irrigation works
- Dthe presence of warrior societies
- Ethe relationship of land and population
64peasants generally
- Aown the land that they farm
- Bsupport a wealthy, landowning class
- Chave higher standards of living than horticultralists
- Dbecome landowners if the work hard enough
- Esurvive only by doing part time factory work for wages
65one critical economic difference between a firm and a household is
- Afirms look for profit in their cash transactions, households rarely do
- Bfirms have no obligations to the communities in which they are found; households have many
- Cfirms have grow with relative ease, but the structure of households limits their growth
- Dfirms may expand their size through hiring new members but the membership of a household is fixed
- Efirms usually behave in a manner that is economically rational, households rarely do
66marcel mauss, and many other anthropologists, theorized than an important function of gift giving is to:
- Ahold societies together
- Bexpand th technological base of a society
- Cbuild up the economic resources of some families at the expense of other families
- Dprovide an outlet for the innate human desire to give and receive gifts
- Ebuild up the power of the state
67generalized reciprocity is the dominant form of exchange in:
- Aforaging societies
- Bpastoral societies
- Cchiefdoms
- Dpeasant agricultural societies
- Estate societies
68for the trobriand islanders, the central part of the kula trade is:
- Athe opportunity to prove their manhood by taking long sea voyages
- Btrading for types of food that are unavailable on their home island
- Ctrading for bracelets and armbands
- Dthe opportunity to meet potential mates
- Ethe after-parties that accompany all trading
69kluckhohn showed when the navajo traded with outsiders
- Athey were extremely careful to be honest and fair
- Bthey engaged in silent trade, placing the goods they wanted to trade in the open and accepting whatever their trading partners gave
- Cthey were particularly interested in jewelry and less interested in money
- Dit was considered morally acceptable to deceive
- Ethey generally got taken
70which of the following might a chief at a potlatch be likely to do?
- Aask god for forgiveness of his sins
- Bbrag about his wealth and power
- Cpraise the wealth and power of the people he has invited
- Ddemand that his followers worship him
- Edemand that those whom he invited give him gifts
71which of the following best describes the economics of potlatch of the tribes of the pacific northwest coast
- Aan irrational destruction of valuable property
- Ban imitation of european parties and feasting
- Cthe most fundamental reason why these tribes have such a low standard of living
- Da method increasing productivity and distributing food and goods to a large dispersed population
- Ean expression of a cultural value that emphasizes charity and helping the poor
72in mexico, a cargo is
- Athe amount of a handicraft that can be produced in a single day
- Bthe requreiment that women carry water and cook food for the family
- Cthe quantity of a crop that can be carried from field to village
- Dthe obligation of a son-in-law to provide for his wife's parents
- Ea religious office held for a year and requiring substantial financial outlay
73today's market exchange system can be characterized by the phrase, 'caveat emptor,' which means;
- Alet the buyer beware
- Ball trade is equal
- Cyou break it, you buy it
- Dfair trade is empty trade
- Eheed all warnings
74which of the following is one of the fundamental attributes of capitalism
- Apeople in capitalist societies sell their labor for wages in order to survive
- Bgovernment plays a very little role in the regulation of the economy
- Call people in capitalist societies are involved in capitalism
- Downership of capital resources is spread roughly evenly throughout the population
- Epeople receive approximately the full value of their labor
75according to patricia gadsby ('the intuit paradox') the northern food chain is threatened by
- Aglobal warming
- Bland development
- Cindustrial pollutants
- Dall of the above
- Enone of the above
76as shown in 'the inuit paradox' the eskimo did well on
- Alow protein and low fat diets
- Bhigh protein and high fat diets
- Cminimal carbohydrates
- Dexcessive carbohydrates
77a practice, value, or aspect of social organization that results in lessening of the true disparities of wealth in a society is called a(n) ___
- Aproductivity mechanism
- Bfairness mechanism
- Cleveling mechanism
- Dforaging mechanism
- Emarket mechanism
78which kinship system is the matrilineal equivalent of the omaha system?
- Ahawaiian
- Biroquois
- Ceskimo
- Dsudanese
- Ecrow
79kinship is important to the study of anthropology because
- Ait explains political rights and obligations for all industrialized societies
- Bit determines the economic system of all societies
- Cit plays the key role in determining rights and obligations in nonindustrial societies
- Dit determines the foundation of all market economies in industrial socities
- Eit is the only social institution present in foraging and tribal societies
80a correct conclusion from the chapter regarding kinship in modern, complex societies is that kinship;
- Ahas no place in these societies
- Bis more important than other forms of belonging, such as citizenship
- Cis more important as a basis of social relationships than in more traditional societies
- Dplays an important but not central role in establishing rights and relationships
- Eis more important among lower than the upper class
81all of the following are basic functions of kinship except:
- Ait reveals who is biologically related to whom
- Bit defines the members of society on which an individual can depend for help
- Cit sets up the transfer of property from one to another generation
- Dit sets up the succession within family as social positions are transferred across generations
- Eit serves as a way of structuring society
82in a system of unilineal descent
- Athe grandfather is recognized as the only father
- Bdescent groups, which include relatives from both the father's and the mother's side, are formed
- Ca household is composed of a man, his wife, his sons, and their children
- Da man is not allowed to marry his cousin
- Ean individual belongs to the descent group of either the mother or the father, but not both
83traditionally in korean villages, the eldest son inherited most of his parents' property. in erturn, he was required to:
- Aeducate his brothers and sisters at the university
- Bworship his parents as ancestors after their death
- Csell the remaining property at the best price he could get
- Dlive in a lavish life style to bring prestige to his family
- Elive in relative poverty, assuring that brothers and sisters were well cared for
84all of the following correctly express the differences between a lineage and a clan except:
- Amembers of lineage can trace their common ancestors, but members of a clan cannot
- Bmembers of a lineage tend to live together or near each other, whereas members of a clan tend to be spread over different local communities
- Cmembers of a lineage recognize a blood tie, whereas members of a clan do not
- Dlineages have primarily domestic and economic functions, whereas clans more frequently have political and religious functions
- Elineages consist of fewer members than do clans
85in modern capitalist societies, people rarely get much of their identity through work
- Atrue
- Bfalse
86there are ____ types of the reciprocracy exchange system has
- A2
- B4
- C3
- D7
- E5
87the nuer are a patrilineal society in which clans adn lineages function as a type of political structure. this is called:
- Aa segmentary lineage system
- Ba segementary corporate system
- Ca unilineal political system
- Da bilateral lineage system
- Epolitical usufruct rights
88in a matrilineal society:
- Athere is no concern over who the child's biological father is
- Bwomen occupy the politically important positions
- Cinheritance and succession pass from the mother's brother to her son
- Dmen are afraid of women
- Emarriages are extremely stable
89in a system of double descent, as among the yako of nigeria:
- Akinship is of no importance, and one can call on whichever individuals one wants for aid
- Ban individual belongs to the patrilineal group of the father and the matrilineal group of the mother
- Ckinship is important, but there are no corporate kin groups
- Dkinship is doubly important, because there are no other units of cooperation
- Eeach married couple makes a join decision about whose kin they will live with
90a kinship system in which the establishment of rights and obligations is based on both maternal and paternal lines is called a:
- Abilateral system
- Bpatrilineal system
- Cclan system
- Dlineage system
- Ekindred system
91a kinship system in which the establishment of rights and obligations is based on both maternal and paternal lines is called a:
- Abilateral system
- Bpatrilineal system
- Cclan system
- Dlineage system
- Ekindred system
92in northern india, much of the undelrying logic of the kinship sytem is based on all the following except:
- Arelative age
- Bheirarchy
- Cflexibility
- Dpatrilineality
- Ebifurcation
93the system used for classifying kin in the us includes distinctions based on:
- Ageneration, relative age, and collaterality
- Bsex of linking relative, bifurcation, and generation
- Cgeneration, consanguineal versus affinal kin, and sex of linking realtive
- Dbifurcation, relative age, and generation
- Econsanguineal versus affinal kin, gender and generation
94in comparison to the us, in japan married couples are expected to
- Abe more patient with each other
- Bhave a great deal in common
- Clike each other
- Dall of the above
95parallel cousins are found in the iroquois system of kinship and are defined as
- Amothers sisters children or fathers brothers children
- Bmotehrs brothers children or fathers sisters children
- Cmothers brothers children or fathers brothers children
- Dmothers sisters children or fathers sisters children
- Ecousins that are descended fro the same ancestor
96one critical factor that distinguishes anthropology from other fields of study is:
- Aits emphasis on rigorous experimentation and analysis of data
- Bits exclusive focus on non-western cultures
- Cits use of theories aof biological evolution to explain human behavior
- Dits interest in describing humankind throughout time and in all parts of the world
- Eits focus on the discovery of a single human nature
97the sapir-whorf hypothesis suggest that:
- Athe best way to study language is with subjects in a laboratory
- Bthe vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers perceive reality
- Cthe ability tot use language determines an individuals intelligence
- Dformal education increases vocabulary
- Ethere is no connection between language and other aspects of culture
98one of the critical goals of cultural anthropology as an academic discipline is to:
- Adescribe, analysis and explain different cultures
- Bincrease the level of culture in particular human societies
- Cplace large numbers of cultural anthropologists in political offices
- Ddetermine the direction of human evolution
- Eincrease the number of cultural anthropology students in universities
99to say that anthropology is holistic means that anthropologists are particularly interested in:
- Aobjects and acts regarded as holy by various peoples
- Bthe whole personality of any particular individual
- Cthe integration of biological, sociocultural, and environmental factors in explaining human behavior
- Dstudying every culture in the world
- Ethe efforts to find holes in particular theories
100to say that anthropology is holistic means that anthropologists are particularly interested in:
- Aobjects and acts regarded as holy by various peoples
- Bthe whole personality of any particular individual
- Cthe integration of biological, sociocultural, and environmental factors in explaining human behavior
- Dstudying every culture in the world
- Ethe efforts to find holes in particular theories
101which of the following correctly identifies the sub-disciplines of anthropology?
- Aarchaeology, anthropometry, cultural anthropology, paleontology, and cultural relativity
- Barchaeology, cultural anthropology, cognitive anthropology, ethno-history, and linguistics
- Carchaeology, ethno-history, anthropometry, structural anthropology, and cultural anthropology
- Darchaeology, cultural anthropology, physical anthropology, applied anthropology, and linguistics
- Earchaeology, phonology, medical anthropology, development studies, and cultural anthropology
102accoridng to alra deeb and jessica winegar ('the september 11 effect on anthropology'), middle east anthropologists have come under greater surveillance and suspicion primarily with respect to research related to the
- Awar in iraq
- Bwar in afghanistan
- Cconflict in israel-palestine
- Dwar on terror
103which of the following correctly compares culture and society?
- Awhile all human beings have culture, not all cultures are also societies
- Bwhile all human beings live in societies, not all societies are cultured
- Cwhile culture refers to art and literature, society refers to production technologies and religions
- Deach person born into a group is automatically a member of its culture, but people must be invited into societies
- Ewhile culture refers to values, traditions, and lifeways, society refers to social relationships, statuses and roles
104culture in anthropology refers to:
- Acivilized behavior such as good manners
- Bcomplex social structures including the development of cities and centralized governments
- Ca highly developed individual taste in the arts, literature, and music
- Dthe way humans adapt to the enviromemnt and give meaning to their lives
- Ethe presence of religion, art, and literature in some societies
105an emic approach to the study of culture is one that emphasizes:
- Athe description of a culture from the point of view of a member of the culture
- Bthe comparison of similar parts of different cultures
- Cstudying the agricultural technology and ecological adaptation of a culture
- Dthe notion of a cultural evolution
- Esearch for general laws or princples that can be applied to all human cultures
106anthropologists healther horst and daniel miller studied high levels of cellphone use among jamaicans in two different communities. which of thefollowing statements best illustrates why jamaicans use cell phones so regularly?
- Athey are used to engage in long casual conversations about daily life
- Bthey are used primarily to create social networks and request needed resources
- Cthey are used as emergency technology in case the individual is in any kind of danger
- Dthey are used primarily among young people who are dating via cell phone
107according to deeb and winegar, palestine is the number one cause of persecution of faculty in the classroom
- Atrue
- Bfalse
108human's capacity for culture is based on our unique biology
- Atrue
- Bfalse
109early anthropologists who relied on travelers and missionaries for their fieldwork data were called:
- Aarmchair anthropologists
- Bnovices
- Cnative anthropologists
- Dsecondhand anthropologists
- Eearly scholars
110lewis henry morgan and edward tylor were influenced deeply by the evolutionary theories of:
- Afranz boas
- Bcharlies darwin
- Cbronislaw malinowski
- Dmargaret mead
- Ecarolus linnaeus
111how would you describe lewis henry morgan's and edward tylor's evolutionary theories
- Ait is the study of how humans have changed from simple to complex communication and transportation systems
- Bit is the study of how societies have harnessed more energy for production over time
- Cit is the study fo how the human body has changed physically from earlier to later forms, sometimes even changing species
- Dit is the study of the history of human society from simple technology and socila institutions to complex ones
- Eit is the study of ow native people classify their natural world
112lewis henry morgan and edward tylor classified small-scale societies as:
- Asavage
- Bbarbarian
- Cprimitive
- Dchildlike
- Ecivilized
113all of the following are associated with franz boas, except
- Ahe was a critic of evolution
- Bhe was the first professor of anthropology at columbia university
- Che was a champion of human rights
- Dhe did his fieldwork in the trobriand islands
- Ehe trained a generation of us fieldworkers
114applying ones own cultural standards of value, worth and morality to another culture is called:
- Aethnocentrism
- Bparticipant observation
- Ccultural relativism
- Dethnography
- Epostmodernism
115studies of the ways in which children learn language show that:
- Aa language must be consciously taught; otherwise a child will not learn it
- Bchildren in different societies learn to speak their native languages at different ages because some langauges are harder to learn than others
- Cformal education is requried for a child to learn to speak his or her native language grammatically
- Dhuman beings have an inborn predisposition for learning language and will speak grammatically even if not taught to do so
- Eboys learn to speak much earlier than girls
116boas nsisted that anthropologists must value a culture on its own terms. this idea is called:
- Alogical postiivism
- Bpostmodernism
- Cphenomenology
- Dcultural relativism
- Edualism
117which of the following has been a hallmark of american anthropology?
- Aethnocentrism
- Bethnology
- Cparticipant observation
- Dmulticulturalism
- Eholism
118how is malinowski's approach to the study of cultures different from boas?
- Amalinowski was an evolutoinist and boas was a critic of evolutionism
- Btheir approachers are similar, except that franz boas did not actually carry out fieldwork
- Cboas focused on teh study of child-rearing, while malinowski focused on the study of history and body measurements
- Dmalinowski emphasized the notion of function in society, whileboas focused on teh study of history and adaptation of culture
- Eboas focused on the study of history and adaptation, adn malinowski focused on the study of child-rearing
119there is evidence that exposing people to foul smells can affect
- Atheir attitude towards gays
- Bthe way they vote
- Ctheir attitudes towards ethnic minorities
- Dall of the above
120which of the following emotions seem to be the most important in swaying a jury?
- Adisgust
- Banger
- Cfear
- Dpride
121the function of an institutional review board(irb) is to:
- Acertify and approve departments of anthropology
- Bsuggest disciplinary actions against researchers who violate ethical standards
- Capprove, monitor and review all university research involving human subjects
- Dreview articles submitted to academic journals prior to publication
- Efund anthropological research
122which of the following isnot a subsystem of language?
- Asymbology
- Bphonology
- Cmorphology
- Dsyntax
- Esemantics
123according to 'where fat is a mark of beauty,' a stay in teh fattening room in nigeria is
- Aessential to every youth's cultural education in parts of nigeria
- Bundertaken between the ages of five and seven
- Ca rite of passage between maidenhood and womanhood
- Dtraditional for nigerian brides
124among the efik of nigeria, a woman's 'rotundity' is a sign of
- Agood health
- Bprosperity
- Callure
- Dall of the above
125a child raised outside of human society and culture would be:
- Aentirely normal except for a lack of language
- Brapidly able to participate in normal culture once allowed a chance
- Cinnnocent, unable to lie, cheat or dissemble
- Dcraftier, more logical, and more violent than a cultured individual
- Ecompletely unable to understand culture
126one of the earliest definitions of human culture is that 'complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society.' who introduced this definition?
- Amargaret emad
- Bpierre bourdieu
- Csir edward tylor
- Dfranz boas
- Ebronislaw malinowski
127anthropologists consider that all of the following are characteristics of culture except:
- Apracticed by as few as one individual
- Bpatterned and integrated
- Cin some way adaptive
- Dmade up of learned behaviors
- Einvolving symbols
128in english, bit and pit have different meansings. thus the /b/ and /p/ are:
- Awords
- Bsounds
- Cmorphemes
- Dstructures
- Ephonemes
129theoretical perspective is critical in anthropology because:
- Atheory does not tolerate diverse opinions
- Bit allows us to explore difference perspectives
- Canthropology must be similar to other sciences
- Dnot every researcher is capable of understand culture
- Eanthropology is a democratic science
130the theory of sociobiology views a culture as
- Athe visible expression of genetic coding
- Bas a way for members of society to understand who they are
- Cthe mechanism that drives individuality and self-expression
- Dthe result of little other than its own history
- Ea result of the sum total of personalities that makes it up
131social birth refers to
- Athe biological act of giving birth through a social ritual
- Bthe ceremonial transition from childhood to adolescence
- Cthe spiritual awakening of an individual through the complete of his or her designated rite of passage
- Dthe point where a person is considered a human being and a member of human society
- Ethe event where women collectively give birth in a social setting
132in which society are some children believed to be born chichuru(spirit children) if they have physical abnormalities?
- Awestern brazil
- Bnortheastern ghana
- Cnorthern africa
- Deastern south america
- Esouthwestern europe
133bound morphemes differ from free morphemes in which of the following ways?
- Athe former have strictly one meaning, the latter have more than one meaning
- Bthe former occur either in nouns or in verbs but never in both, while the latter may occur in both
- Cthe former never stand alone as complete words; the latter do
- Dthe former can be pronounced only one way, while the latter may have more than one pronunciation
- Ethe former exist in all human languages; the latter exist in English only
134anthropologists consider that the concept of humaness and the recognition of human status is
- Aa biological designation
- Ba sociological achievement
- Ca cultural designation
- Dpatterned and integrated throughout cultures
- Ea cultural universal
135which of the following best defines the concept of enculturation?
- Ait is the process of being born and raised within a human society
- Bit is a ritual in which the individual is formally introduced to society
- Cit is the process of learning to be a member of a particular cultural group
- Dit is the outcome of two cultures coming into contact and adapting to each other
- Eit is the sum of all behaviors that an individual learns in childhood
136human speech is infinitely productive. this means that
- Ahumans can combine words into new, meaningful utterances that they have never heard before
- Bhuman beings never become tired of talking
- Cthe more human beings talk, the more productive they are economically
- Devery normal adult can produce an infinite number of sounds
- Ehuman speech is always directed toward some productive purpose
137all of the following are characteristics that are emphasized in inuit enculturation except:
- Aviolence
- Bcooperation
- Cemotional restraint
- Dphysical acuity
- Eindependence
138an anthropological perspective that focuses on culture as the principal force in shaping the typical personality of a society is called:
- Asociobiology
- Bculture and personality theory
- Cpersonification theory
- Dstructuralism
- Esymbolic anthropology
139charles hockett argues that the following two steps were critical in the evolution of human language:
- Aproductivity and displacement
- Bdisplacement and blending
- Cblending and dual structure
- Dblending and duality of patterning
- Eduality and pattern and producitivity
140anthropologists who are interested in the ways in which people in different cultures classify their world often use a theory called:
- Astructuralism
- Binterpretive anthropology
- Cethnoscience
- Dfunctionalism
- Esociobiology
141structural anthropology is largely concerned with:
- Athe ways in which people build houses and public buildings
- Bthe ways that biology and culture interact
- Cthe ways in which different parts of asingle culture affect each other
- Dthe ways in which members of different cultures classify and understand their environments
- Eunderlying patterns of thought common to all humanity
142human children appear to be pgrammed to learn language instinctively before the age of
- A6 months
- B3 years
- C6 years
- D12 years
- E21 years
143all of the following are characteristics of cultural symbols except:
- Athey contain codnensed meanings
- Bthey are used to create meaning
- Cthey can be both objects and ideas
- Dthey are used to store information
- Ethey are easily defined
144many linguists argue that there is a universal grammar. this is:
- Aa set of words that means the same thing in every language
- Ba set of principles, conditions and rules that underlie all languages
- Ca single word orderin which different parts of speech must appear in all languages
- Da simple way of speaking that can be understood by everyone all over the world
- Ean alphabet in which all languages and the sounds that make them up can be written
145nacirema ritual centers around:
- Ahealth and cleanliness
- Bpigs and warfare
- Ccanoes and trading
- Dgarden magic
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