THE LATIN CASES

FORTUNA (wealth, richness)

NOMINATIVE - SUBJECT

• FORTUNE IS SOMETHING DIFFICULT TO
• FINDFind the subject.......

Slide 3

• FORTUNE IS SOMETHING DIFFICULT TO
• subject

NOMINATIVE-ATTRIBUTE

• Richness is FORTUNE
• Which is the ATTRIBUTE?

Slide 5

• Richness is FORTUNE
• ATTRIBUTE
• ATTRIBUTE is the natural complement of the verb TO BE, usually an ADJECTIVE

ACCUSATIVE-DIRECT COMPLEMENT

• Everybody wants to have fortune
• Which is the DIRECT COMPLEMENT?

GENITIVE- NOUN COMPLEMENT (POSSESSIVE CASE)

• The Roman Godess of FORTUNE is FORTUNA
• Where is the POSSESSIVE CASE (or NOUN COMPLEMENT)?

Slide 8

• The Roman goddess OF FORTUNE is fortuna.
• ANSWER: OF FORTUNE
• (Spanish: "DE LA FORTUNA"
• )
• : possessive case has always the preposition "OF" TO EXPRESS POSSESSION.

DATIVE: INDIRECT COMPLEMENT

• In the sentence:
• Romans made sacrifices to the Goddess Fortuna
• Which is the INDIRECT COMPLEMENT?

DATIVE: INDIRECT COMPLEMENT

• Romans made sacrifices to the Goddess Fortuna

ABLATIVE: ADVERBIAL COMPLEMENT (c.c.) OF time, place, manner and degree

• UNDERLINE THE ADVERBIAL COMPLEMENT
• Goddes Fortuna has an altar in her temple.

ABLATIVE: ADVERBIAL COMPLEMENT (c.c.) OF time, place, manner and degree

Slide 13

• The Romans made sacrifices to the Goddess Fortuna in her temple.
• Los romanos realizaban sacrificios a la diosa Fortuna en su templo.
• Romani sacrificia Fortunae deae in templo suo faciebant.
• Which main differences do yo see between LATIN and modern languages?

DIFFERENCES

• ROMANI SACRIFICIA FORTUNAE DEAE IN TEMPLO SUO FACIEBANT
• 1. LATIN HAS NO ARTICLES
• 2. THE INDIRECT COMPLEMENT HAS NO PREPOSITION
• 3. THE VERB IS PLACED AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE

SIMILARITIES

• ROMANI SACRIFICIA FORTUNAE DEAE IN TEMPLO SUO FACIEBANT
• - ADVERBIAL COMPLEMENTS HAVE PREPOSITIONS BOTH IN LATIN AND THE MODERN LANGUAGES (IN SOME CASES)
• IN TEMPLO SUO: IN HER TEMPLE
• PER MULTOS ANNOS: FOR MANY YEARS
• AD VILLAM: TOWARDS THE TOWN
• INTER PARES: BETWEEN SIMILAR PEOPLE

THE LATIN CASES

• ROMANI: NOMINATIVE (PLURAL)
• SACRIFICIA: ACCUSATIVE (PLURAL)
• DEAE FORTUNAE: DATIVE (SINGULAR)
• TEMPLO SUO: ABLATIVE (SINGULAR)
• CASES ARE THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE SAME WORD DEPENDING ON THE SYNTACTIC FUNCTION THEY HAVE IN THE SENTENCE
• COMPARE:
• ROMANI: "THE ROMANS"; if the same word is the DIRECT COMPLEMENT, other ending is used:
• DEA FORTUNA ROMANOS AMABAT
• ROMANI: SUBJECT (SINGULAR); ROMANOS: DIRECT COMPLEMENT (PLURAL). ROMAN-I; ROMAN-OS : -I and -OS are called ENDINGS.

THE DECLENSIONS