Flashcards
Programming and Systems Intro prep
Flashcards do conjunto (24)
- 1Topic 1.2.1 Define the terms: hardware, software, peripheral, network, human resources hardwareanything within a computer you can physically touch
- 2softwarethe collection of programs and instructions that control the computer
- 3peripheralthe devices attached to the computer that allow it to interact with its environment and exchange information
- 4Types of peripherals[Input]
Keyboard
Mouse
Microphone
Webcam
Scanner
[Output]
Screen
Speakers
Printer - 5networka group of digital devices (computers) connected together in some way to share resources such as documents or files and printers
- 6human resourcesthe humans operating the computers
- 71.2.2 Describe the roles that a computer can take in a networked worldA computer can be a client or a server or both at the same time.
- 8clienta computer accessing resources hosted by another computer, the server. Resources could be documents, printers, scanners etc
- 9servera computer hosting resources to be shared across the network, like documents, printers etc
- 10DNS Servermaps web addresses to IP addresses
- 11RouterDevice that connects two different networks
- 12Fa computer or software package, which needs specific hardware, monitoring and protecting the network traffic of a computer or computer network. It decides which computers get access to the network or computer based on a set of rules. The difference between firewall and antivirus is that the firewall is used for the network
- 13E-mail serverMaps e-mail addresses to IP addresses
- 141.2.3 Discuss the social and ethical issues associated with a networked world [Social]Cyber bullying / Identity theft / Cyber-crimes / Hacking / Loss of jobs / Health Issues
- 15[Ethical]Copyright violation / Plagiarism / Privacy invasion / Anonymity / Criminal activity like Hacking
- 164.3.1 State the fundamental operations of a computer[Add]
Adding data to the RAM or to registers
[Compare]
Comparing values (< = >) or comparing the length of the data in different registers
[Retrieve]
Loading data from RAM or from registers
[Store]
Saves the changes made in the registers or in the RAM - 174.3.2 Distinguish between fundamental and compound operations of a computer[Key difference] complexity
• A fundamental operation could be something like add two numbers, store a number, move a number to another location in RAM etc.
• These are operations that do not require the processor to go through a large number of sub operations to reach a result.
• A compound operation is an operation that involves a number of stages/other operations. Think of it as a group of operations that combine together to form an operation.
[Examples of fundamental instructions]
Load Register 32ab
Add 29
Store Result
Compare Result to register 4
[Examples of compound/complex instructions]
Find the biggest number in an array
Sort the names alphabetically - 184.3.3 Explain the essential features of a computer language[Fixed vocabulary]
there are fixed terms that are used for specific operations in specific languages (if and or)
[Unambiguous meaning]
One term cannot have several meanings
[Consistent grammar and syntax]
there are preserved consistent grammar and syntax rules so the computer can understand the code - 194.3.4 Explain the need for higher level languagesThey save time for developers since they are easier to debug
They are more easily understandable for beginners
They do not require the use of memory addresses and memory locations - 204.3.5 Outline the need for a translation process from a higher level language to machine executable code[Compiler]
Translator that executes the translation process only once, It will translate the whole source program into an object program. It will also give error messages for any syntax error found. A program only correctly compiles when all syntax errors are removed
[Interpreter]
Translator that goes through the process of translation every time. Refers to the process of reading each line translating it and executing it, errors are communicated for every instruction that it interpreted.
[Java Virtual Machine (Java)]
Combines interpretation and compilation. Source code is compiled into java virtual machine bytecode. This bytecode is then interpreted by the java virtual machine interpreter. The java architecture allows code to run on any machine through the java virtual machine. - 214.3.6 Define the terms : Variable, constant , operator, object[Variable]
Variables are a name that is used to store a data element of a program, value can be changed during program execution. (MyNumber = 12)
[Constant]
Represents things and quantities that don’t change. They are basically non modifiable variables. (PI = 3.14)
[Operator]
Used to manipulate operands. (2 + 3), 2 and 3 are operands while + is the operator.
[Object]
Collection of data and actions. Actions refer to the operations that can be performed by an object. Data includes a number of data members. Data members are used to store the current state of an object and actions are used to change or access data members. - 224.3.7 Define various operators
- 234.3.8 Analyze the use of variables, constants and operators in algorithms.[Constant]
Should be used when we don’t want the value to change or don’t intend to change, example the value of pi. Furthermore if a constant is used many times it is a good idea to create it as a global variable.
[Variable]
Value we expect to change. - 244.3.9 Construct algorithms using loops and branching
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- International Baccalaureate Computer Science FlashCards sobre Programming and Systems Intro prep, criado por 고예원 일본 em 17-01-2023.
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- 고예원 일본
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