Flashcards
UNIT 1 - EDEXCEL GEOGRAPHY (Going Global)
Flashcards do conjunto (48)
- 1Birth ratethe number of births per 1,000 people per year in a region.
- 2Branch planta factory built in a country by a TNC that has its headquarters elsewhere
- 3Clustergeographically concentrated group of connected industries and institutions
e.g Central London is home to clusters of TV production companies. - 4corethe most developed and highly populated region of a country
- 5cumulative causationa model that explains why wealth becomes concentrated in certain places.
- 6death ratethe number of deaths per 1,000 people per year in a region
- 7Deindustrialisationthe decline of regionally important manufacturing industries
- 8Dependancywhen a nation relies for income on outside sources and has only weak control over its own economic future
- 9Development gapthe difference in levels of economic and social well-being between the richest and the poorest people on the planet
- 10Displaced personspeople who are forced to move, by war, famine, political persecution or natural disaster
- 11Ecological footprinta measurement of an area of land or water required to provide a person/society witht the energy, resources and goods they consume and the waste that they produce.
- 12Economic migranta migrant whose primary motivation is to seek employment
- 13Elitea group of people who are economically and socially powerful
e.g Bill Gates - 14Export processing zonea small industial area, where favourable conditions are created to attract foreign TNC's.
- 15Externalitiesthe range of benefits and costs generated by economic activity that are not fully accounted for
e.g pollution - 16Food milesthe distance food travels from a farm to a consumer
- 17Foreign Direct Investmenta financial injection made by a TNC into a nation's economy
e.g building new facilities - 18Global Huba settlement providing a focal point for activities that have a global influence
- 19Global shiftthe global- scale relocation of different types of industrial industry
e.g manufacturing - 20Greying populationa population structure in which the proportion of people over the age of 65 is high and rising
- 21Gross Domestic Product (GDP)a measure of the financial value of goods and services produced with a territory
- 22Human Development IndexA United Nations measure of economic and social development that takes into account income per capita, life expectancy and adult literacy
- 23Illegal migrantspeople who avoid border and immigration controls and enter a new country illegally
- 24Internal migrationthe movement of people between different regions within the same country
- 25Intervening obstaclesbarrier to a migrant such as a political border or physical feature
e.g mountains - 26Intervening opportunityan alternative migration destination that exists between the migrants place of origin and intended destination
- 27Minimum wagean hourly wage set by a nation's government that all companies must pay to their employees
- 28Multiplier effectthe positive spin-offs that follow and initial investment in a region
- 29Natural increasethe difference between the birth rate and the death rate, usually converted into a percentage
- 30Net migrationthe balance between immigration and emigration
- 31Parent companythe original business that a global TNC has developed around
e.g Walt Disney Company - 32Petro dollarsmoney derived from selling oil
- 33Absolute povertyincome levels below what is needed to maintain an adequate diet
- 34Relative povertyincome levels that are below average for a region
- 35Purchasing Power Paritya measure of average wealth of people in a country
- 36Quaternary sectorcountry's employment strucure that includes research, IT, financial management
- 37Rural-urban migrationa movement of population from rural to urban areas
- 38Shrinking worlddistant places start to feel closer and take less time to reach due to technology
- 39Social mobilitythe movement of individuals between different levels of the social hierarchy
- 40Spatial division of labourcommon practice among large companies of moving low-skilled work abroad to a place where labour costs are low
- 41Structural adjustment programmestrict conditions imposed countries receiving loans from the IMF and World Bank
- 42Switched-on placesnations,regions or cities that are strongly connected to other places through the production and the consumption of goods and services
- 43Switched-off placesnations,regions or cities that are poorly connected
- 44Technopolea cluster of technologically innovative businesses and research institutes
e.g Silicon Valley - 45Tertiary sectoralso known as the service sector,consisting of businesses that produce no physical product but either sell a product or offer a service such as tourism/education
- 46Transnational Corporation (TNC)a company that has operations in more than one country
- 47Volunary migrantspeople who move for quality of life reasons
- 48World citya city with major economic and political power
e.g New York