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Flashcards

Bones and Joints of the Lower Limb

Linh Tran Anatomy Inglês 41 flashcards

Bones and Joints of the Lower Limb

Flashcards do conjunto (41)

  1. 1What are the four parts of the lower limb? Define each part.Pelvic Girdle - attaches to the axial skeleton
    Thigh - between the pelvis and the knee
    Leg - between the knee and the ankle
    Foot - distal to the ankle
  2. 2What are three main differences between the lower and upper limbs?Function - lower is for weight bearing and locomotion
    Range of Movement - lower limb is less mobile, but much more stable
    Rotation during development - lower limb is rotated internally so that flexors are located posteriorly
  3. 3Describe where the line of gravity is positioned relative to the lower limb.Slightly posterior to the hip joint
    Slightly anterior to the knee joint
    Anterior to the ankle joint
  4. 4What bones make up the pelvic girdle?Two hip bones (os coxae)
    Sacrum
    Coccyx
  5. 5What are the three main functions of the pelvic girdle?1. Connects the lower limb to the axial skeleton
    2. Supports the weight of the upper limb
    3. Protects the urogenital organs
  6. 6What are three main differences between the shoulder girdle and the pelvic girdle?1. The pelvic girdle articulates directly with the vertebral column
    2. The socket is deeper and more congruent in the pelvic girdle
    3. The pelvic girdle is more stabile
  7. 7What bones make up the hip bone?Ilium
    Pubis
    Ishchium
  8. 8Name1. Ilium
    2. Ischium
    3. Pubis
    4. Acetabulum
    5. Obturator Foramen
    6. Pubic Symphysis
    7. Sacrum
    8. Sacroiliac Joint    Name
  9. 9What is the acetabulum?A large depression on the lateral aspect of the hip bone which articulates with the femoral head - it is the point where the three bones of hip fuse
  10. 10How do male and female hip bones differ?Males have narrower and taller hip bones
    Females have shorter and wider hip bones
  11. 11What is the obturator foramen?A large opening between the ischium and pubis at each hip bone - it is covered by a membrane
  12. 12What is the function of the ischium?To support the weight of the body when sitting
  13. 131. What type of joint is the pubic symphysis? 2. What bones are articulating at this joint? 3. Describe the stability of this joint.1. Cartilaginous joint
    2. The left and right pubis of the hip bones (at the midline)
    2. Very stable - can be loosened during pregnancy
  14. 141. What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint? 2. What bones are articulating at this joint? 3. Describe the stability of this joint.1. Synovial plane joint
    2. The sacrum and the ilium of the hip bone
    3. Very strong and stable - can be loosed during pregnancy
  15. 15What joints are loosened allowing more mobility during pregnancy?Sacroiliac joint and pubic symphysis
  16. 161. What type of joint is the hip joint? 2. What bones are articulating at this joint? 3. Describe the stability of this joint1. Synovial ball and socket
    2. The acetabulum of the hip bone and the head of femur
    3. Very stable
  17. 17Identify and describe three main stabilising factors that allow the increased stability of the hip joint.Deep and rounded surface of the acetabulum
    Acetabulur labrum (increases surface area of articulation)
    Strong ligaments (which are continuous with the joint capsule)
  18. 18Identify the three ligaments that support the hip joint.Iliofemoral Ligament
    Ischiofemoral Ligament
    Pubofemoral Ligament
  19. 191. Where is the iliofemoral ligament located at the hip joint? 2. What attachments does it have? 3. What function does it serve?1. Anteriorly
    2. Ilium and femur
    3. Compresses the femoral head during extension
  20. 201. Where is the ischiofemoral ligament and the pubofemoral ligament located at the hip joint? 2. What attachments does each ligament have?1. Posteriorly
    2. Ischiofemoral: Ischium and femur
    Pubofemoral: Pubis and femur
  21. 21What are two common injuries of the hip joint?Neck of femur fracture (risk of avascular necrosis)
    Hip Dislocation (can be posterior or anterior)
  22. 221. What type of bone is the femur? 2. How is the femur oriented? 3. How does this differ for males and females?1. Long bone (the largest in the body)
    2. Since the hips are extended lateral, the femur is angulated medially
    3. Angulation is greater in females due to the broader pelvis
  23. 23—1. Head
    2. Neck
    3. Greater Trochanter
    4. Lesser Trochanter
    5. Lateral Epicondyle
    6. Medial Epicondyle
    7. Intercondylar Fossa
    8. Medial Condyle
    9. Lateral Condyle    1. Head 2. Neck 3. Greater Trochanter 4. Lesser Trochanter 5. Lateral Epicondyle 6. Medial Epicondyle 7. Intercondylar Fossa 8. Medial Co...
  24. 24What is the trabecular system of the femur?Trabecular pattern of growth which develops in the direction of force giving the bone extra strength - this occurs in the head of femur
  25. 251. What type of bone is the patella? 2. Where is it located? 3. What function does it serve?1. Sesamoid bone
    2. Anterior surface of the knee joint within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris
    3. Protects the knee joint and provides leverage for the thigh muscles
  26. 261. What is special about the knee joint? 2. What bones articulate at this joint?1. It consists of two articulations within the one joint capsule
    2. Femoral condyles and tibial condyles at the tibiofemoral joint
    Distal femur and the patella at the patellofemoral joint
  27. 271. What type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint? 2. Describe the stability of this joint.1. Synovial hinge joint
    2. Fairly stable - supported by menisci, bursae, collateral ligaments and cruciate ligaments (most stable in extension - ligaments are pulled taut)
  28. 281. What are the two menisci that support the knee joint? 2. Where are they located and where do they attach?1. Medial and lateral menisci
    2. Medial meniscus: between the medial condyles of the femur and tibia
    Lateral meniscus: between the lateral condyles of the femur and tibia
    Both menisci attach at the intercondylar region (midline) of the tibial plateau
  29. 291. Describe the structure of the menisci of the knee joint. 2. What function do they serve?1. C-shaped, thicker in the periphery and taper down towards the intercondylar region
    2. Increases surface area of articulation at the tibiofemoral joint
    Absorbs shock
  30. 301. What type of ligaments are the cruciate ligaments of the knee joint? 2. Identify the two cruciate ligaments? 3. In what plane do they provide support?1. Intracapsular ligaments
    2. Anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament which cross over
    3. Sagittal plane
  31. 31Describe the location and function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)Location: extends posteriorly from the anterior part of the intercondylar region of the tibia and attaches to the femoral lateral condyle
    Function: prevents anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur
  32. 32Describe the location and function of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)Location: extends anteriorly from the posterior part of the intercondylar region of the tibia and attaches to the femoral medial condyle
    Function: prevents posterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur
  33. 33. 1. What type of ligaments are the collateral ligaments of the knee joint? 2. Identify the two collateral ligaments? 3. In what plane do they provide support?1. Extracapsular ligaments
    2. Medial (tibial) collateral ligament and lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
    3. Coronal
  34. 34Describe the structure and location of the medial collateral ligament (MCL).Structure: flat and broad
    Location: attaches to the medial femoral epicondyle and the medial surface of fibular head - also adheres to the joint capsule and the medial meniscus
  35. 35Describe the structure and location of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL).Structure: cord like
    Location: attaches to the lateral femoral epicondyle and the lateral surface of the fibular head - is seperated from
    the joint capsule by a tendon
  36. 36What is the function of the two collateral ligaments of the knee joint?MCL: Resists valgus forces (forces applied laterally - moving the knee medially)
    LCL: Resists varus stress (forces applied to medially - moving the knee laterally)
  37. 37What are bursae?Synovial fluid filled sacs which reduces friction between moving structures
  38. 38—1. Lateral meniscus
    2. Lateral femoral condyle
    3. Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
    4. Posterior cruciate ligament
    5. Medial femoral condyle
    6. Medial (tibital) collateral ligament
    7. Anterior cruciate ligament
    8. Medial meniscus
    9. Patella
    10. Quadriceps tendon    1. Lateral meniscus 2. Lateral femoral condyle 3. Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament 4. Posterior cruciate ligament 5. Medial femoral ...
  39. 39Describe the 'unhappy triad' injuryDamage to the medial collateral ligament which consequently results in the injury of the medial meniscus (due to attachment) and the ACL - common in contact sports
  40. 40Identify and describe the location and function of the bones of the leg.Tibia: located medially - the larger weight bearing bone
    Fibula: located laterally - non-weight bearing, mainly for muscle attachment
  41. 41—

Informações

Descrição
Anatomy (The Lower Limb) FlashCards sobre Bones and Joints of the Lower Limb, criado por Linh Tran em 12-10-2016.
Criado por
Linh Tran · out 2016
Atualizado
12 nov 2016
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134
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