Flashcards
Development
Flashcards do conjunto (41)
- 1What are the 4 causes of inequalities in development?Economic.
Social.
Political.
Environmental. - 2How does the economy cause inequality of development?Countries with mineral deposits and energy resources were more likely to have been first to develop industrially.
As they accumulated wealth through sale of manufactured goods - buy resources either because own have run out or they did not possess them.
Able to provide jobs, improve transport systems & develop new tech & impose trade restrictions on LEDCs. - 3How does social cause inequality of development?More a country develops - more money to spend on education, health care &
better-quality housing. - 4How does the political aspect of a country cause inequality of development?Countries were more likely to develop more quickly if had a stable govt. - invested in economy and avoided civil war.
Former colonial powers developed at expense of their colonies. - 5How does the environmental aspect of a country cause inequality of development?Countries develop quicker if unaffected by frequent and severe natural hazards, disease and illness, pests, and if able to provide a reliable supply of clean water.
- 6What are the consequences of inequality in development for LEDCs?Higher birth rates & infant mortality rates, greater natural increase in population, higher proportion of population under 15yrs; shorter life expectancy.
Poorer education facilities, health care, diet & provision of services.
More jobs in primary & informal sector.
Smaller volume of trade, and a need to seek aid.
Less purchasing power per capita. - 7What is trade?They buying and selling of goods between countries of the world.
- 8What are imports?Are the goods that countries buy from others.
- 9What are exports?Are the goods which countries sell to others.
- 10What is the balance of payments?It is the difference in price between exports and imports of a country.
- 11What is the deficit?When the value of the imports are greater than its export values.
- 12What is surplus?When value of exports of a country is greater than its import values.
- 13What are the advantages of having a trade surplus?Country doesn't have to take out loans to fund public projects and services.
Country can invest in infrastructure and services.
These improvements will help improve QofL in the country.
Country can help industry develop and maintain it's competitiveness through grants and subsidies. - 14What are subsidies?Money to help support something/encourage people to do something.
- 15What is free trade?Buying and selling of goods between countries without import taxes, quotas or subsidies - it is a level playing field.
- 16What is protectionism?When a country seeks to protect its own industries by placing import taxes, quotas and subsidies on imports from foreign countries.
- 17What type of goods are the developing world exporting?Low value goods (primary products).
- 18What type of goods are the developed world exporting?High value items (secondary products).
(Gap between LEDCs and MEDCs is potentially just going to get wider). - 19What is the cycle that means poor countries are poor?Poor countries - export mainly primary goods - have low value - earn little money - keeps country poor.
- 20What is the cycle that means rich countries are rich?Rich countries - Export mainly manufactured goods - High value - Earn much more money - Makes country rich.
- 21What are quotas?Restrict amount of imported goods each year, usually a figure of some sort,
e.g. £2 billion worth of steel.
Once quota has been reached then no more of that product can be imported from that country. - 22What is an import duty/tax?A tax placed on imports to make them more expensive, encouraging people to buy from companies within the country.
- 23What is a subsidy?A sum of money paid to the countries own farmers and businesses so that their goods can be bought/sold at a lower price to consumers.
- 24Why is not good for a country to rely on one main export, e.g. farming?If their is crop failure or a fall in price - less income - Decline in standard of living.
- 25Give some examples of countries that depend on one product for over three quarters of their exports.Nigeria - oil - 99%
Zambia - copper - 87%
Ghana - cocoa - 80%
Cuba - sugar - 77%
Laos - timber - 76% - 26Give some examples of countries that depend on one product for between half and three quarters of their exports.Egypt - oil - 66%
Botswana - diamonds - 52%
Bangladesh - jute - 51% - 27What are trade blocks?Where a group of countries has agreed to try and increase the amount and value of their trade.
- 28Why are trade blocs created?Created to stop tariffs, and so that countries within the same trade blocs can trade freely to other countries of the same trade bloc, this is free trade.
It usually means that it reduces price of products in our shops and that a larger range of products are available in shops to buy. - 29Give some examples of trade blocs.EFTA - Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Lichtenstein.
NAFTA - Canada, Mexico, USA.
EU.
G20 - 30Why do countries that depend mainly on one export tend to have money problems?Because they are at the mercy of the global markets.
- 3199% of Nigeria's exports are oil, why are they facing trouble at the moment?Due to opex from the middle east flooding the market in order to prevent Canada producing oil from shale. This has resulted in a decrease in price of oil which will have severely affected the Nigerian economy.
- 32What is Ghana's primary import and primary exports?Primary imports - oil.
Primary exports - Gold & precious stones, cocoa beans, aluminium, timber and oil. - 33What kind of manufactured goods are imported into Ghana and what are exported out of Ghana?Manufactured goods imported - Cars, lorries, boats, industrial machines, boilers, electrical equipment, chemicals.
Manufactured goods exported from Ghana - there are none. - 34Why would Ghana benefit from joining a trade bloc like G20?Because it would allow free trade between member countries. This would make it cheaper for Ghana to export its goods to countries within the trade bloc.
This would promote the production of goods in Ghana and result in more money coming into the country. - 35If the EU imports more cocoa from other African producers, what would happen to Ghana?The price of Ghana's cocoa would decrease due to a surplus in supply of cocoa. They will lose their market and will have to reduce the price of their cocoa in order to gain a market from somewhere else.
- 36How could the price of cocoa increase?A disease in many cocoa plantations means that the harvest is poor - Supply decreases - Amount of cocoa beans needed by manufacturers stays the
same - Price of a tonne of cocoa increases. - 37How could the world market make the price for cocoa beans increase?A freak weather event destroys crop in Cote d'Ivoire - price of cocoa increases due to increased demand.
SofL rise significantly for young people in Asia - price for cocoa increases due to increased demand in Asia.
Several African producers start to produce chocolate instead of exporting the beans - price of cocoa increases due to increased demand for the beans. - 38How could the world market make the price for cocoa beans decrease?Fears of childhood obesity continue to rise in Europe - price for cocoa decreases due to decreased demand, less people want to make/by chocolate.
Another tropical country invests heavily in cocoa production - price of cocoa decreases due to surplus cocoa. - 39What is sustainable development?It is about making changes that improve the QofL, for people today, but without damaging the environment, so that future generations will also be able to have a good quality of life.
- 40What is conservation?To manage environment in such a way that it will be protected from change.
- 41What is exploitation?When environment is used in such a way that it is destroyed and will be of no use to future generations.
Informações
- Descrição
- GCSE Geography (Theme 3) FlashCards sobre Development, criado por Rebecca Smith em 02-06-2017.
- Criado por
- Rebecca Smith
- Visualizações
- 1
- Avaliação