Quiz
Performance in Organisations A
Create a free account to finish this quiz
Save your progress and see your final score.
Already have an account? Sign in
Questions in this quiz (163)
1Which of the following is a good networking strategy?
- AFocus yourself on a limited number of strong ties who know each other
- BExpand your network as much as possible
- CBuild a network that is very centralized
- DBuild a network that is cohesive but has some weak, bridging ties
- ENone of the above.
2What is the backfire effect?
- AA personality characteristic that make people more likely to reject positive feedback
- BA team level dynamic for which open feedback leads to escalating conflict
- CA cognitive bias for which, when given evidence against their beliefs, people can reject the evidence and believe even more strongly
- DA neurological disease that affects people who experience high level of stress at work
- ENone of the above.
3What is the glass cliff effect?
- AThe unbreachable barrier that keeps women from being paid as much as men, regardless of their skills and achievements.
- BThe phenomenon that women will only reach positions such as CEO in times of organisational crisis.
- CThe idea that women are sanctioned for violating the feminine gender role stereotype, e.g. if a woman speaks up for her team, she will be judged as trying to get full recognition for others’ work.
- DThe fact that women will struggle in their career if they have children.
- EAll of the above.
4Which of these situations employs System 2 of the brain?
- AParking in a cluttered garage
- BReading a basic sentence in your native language
- CLocalising the origin of a particular sound
- DRecognising that one object is farther than another
- ENone of the above
5What is the status quo bias?
- AA tendency to interpret information in a way that contradicts one’s beliefs.
- BA cognitive bias for which, when given conflicting information, people re-evaluate the status-quo.
- CA cognitive bias for which, when given new information, people question their previous decisions.
- DA tendency to prefer things to stay the same or maintain a previous decision.
- ENone of the above.
6What is Laissez-faire leadership?
- AGiving authority to employees
- BToo dependent on outcomes and measures
- CInitiating a change in the organisation
- DInvolving employees to make decisions
- EHold whole autonomy
7What does the famous Japanese way of working, Kaizen, mean?
- AWork in teams
- BResult oriented work
- CAlways striving for perfection
- DWork - life balance
- EInnovation in work
8How should employment contracts/organisational handbooks be phrased in order to encourage positive and productive workplace behaviour?
- AGenerality is always best as it accords managers with the freedom to decide when and whether or not to intervene in various situations; expectations should never be clearly defined.
- BSpecificity is the optimal tool – potentially counterproductive behaviours should always be explicitly stated in contracts as a means of control and to provide clear structure for the organisation in terms of expected behaviour.
- CGuidelines & technical clauses should be abandoned altogether to foster a culture of autonomy, which would consequently boost productivity of the organisation.
- DSynergistic benefits can best be attained if managers balance control and motivation by distinguishing the purpose of each clause and determining the level of specificity/generality required therefrom.
- ENone of the above.
9When individuals are presented with seemingly credible information that contradicts their own position, how are they most likely to react?
- AImmediately accept the information and shift to the previously opposite opinion
- BInquire for more information before shifting to the previously opposite opinion
- CAccept components of the information and form a new opinion which blends both views
- DNo shift from their original viewpoint
- ECompletely reject the information and become further rooted in their original viewpoint
10Which of the following describes the anchoring bias?
- ASelecting an option for which the probability of a favourable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favourable outcome is unknown
- BBelieving that a person who has experienced success with a random event has a greater chance of further success in additional attempts.
- CProviding too much weight to the first piece of information offered when making decisions.
- DOverestimating the likelihood of events with greater "availability" in memory, which can be influenced by how recent the memories are or how emotionally charged they may be.
- ENone of the above.
11Which of the following is the social learning channel that is indicated in the case, where a policy maker organizes an information campaign about the popularity of an advantageous technology among other groups of agents, in order to expedite the adoption of it?
- ADirect communication
- BObservational learning
- CConformity
- DEmotional relation
12What kind of diversity enables teams to work the most productively?
- AEthnical diversity
- BGender diversity
- CAge diversity
- DCognitive diversity
- ENone of the above
13Evolutionary Psychology considers that human behaviour is hardwired on certain traits based on the theory of evolution, which was passed down when early humans with these traits managed to survive and reproduce. Which of the follow is a modern day result of “Loss Aversion except when threatened” which generally applies to everyday people?
- AFinancial traders taking on more risks when they start making losses
- BEmployees working harder and improving productivity when impending layoffs are announced
- CEmployees performing acts of aggression when being laid off
- DPreferring not to take any risky choices and jeopardising their performance, preferring to make safe decisions unless necessary
- EAll of the above
14It is conventional wisdom that extroverts make the best leaders. However, the article The Hidden Advantages of Quiet Bosses shows that introverts can be more effective leaders, in which of the following situations?
- AIn a controlled and low autonomy environment
- BIn social and interactive environment
- CIn a dynamic, unpredictable environment
- DIn routine and stable environments
15According to Robert R. Blake and Jane Mouton’s leadership model, the five different leadership styles are based on:
- ASelf-consideration and drive for results
- BThe concern for power and the concern for teamwork
- CAnalytical skills and communication skills
- DThe concern for people and the concern for production
- ENone of the above
16Which situation requires a dominant type of leadership rather than prestige leadership?
- Aa creative and innovative advertising campaign necessitating brainstorming
- Bthe launch of a product with a clear vision and tight deadlines
- Cwelcoming of new team-members into a diverse team
- Dassigning tasks knowing people’s strength and weaknesses
- ENone of the above
17Which of the following is the least effective action when changing careers?
- ATesting ideas and getting involved in side-projects
- BAsking family and friends for help to increase self-awareness and explore new options
- CBuilding connections with inspiring people who can help others see their potential
- DDeveloping a coherent story clarifying and supporting the new career direction
- EImproving expertise in the new area by completing training and courses
18What example of behaviour defies the predictions of evolutionary psychology
- AMembers of a company’s IT-department labelling marketing staff as “outsiders”
- BCo-workers subconsciously competing with each other for higher status
- CSilicon Valley entrepreneurs engaging in risky ventures to change the status-quo
- DColleagues engaging in gossip in the workplace
- ENone of the above
19As researched by Baumeister’s research group, what does the concept of Ego Depletion suggest?
- ARejection over a period of time leads to a less than proportional increase in humbleness.
- BThe more demanding a task the more you become inured to its benefits.
- CIf you have to force yourself to do something, the less willing you are to exert self-control when the next challenge comes around.
- DThe more you use “system 2” of your brain, the more intuitive the process becomes over a period of time such that “system 1” can immediately takeover.
- EActivities that impose high demands on “system 1” will over the long-term leads to increased spillover benefits to “system 2”.
20What does the act of ‘breaking the frame’ refer to?
- AA management analogy based on breaking glasses frames and looking through new lenses.
- BMaking business decisions driven by rigorous analysis of data.
- CCreating a new narrative by reflecting on previous decisions.
- DMaking business decisions driven by the principles of natural science.
- ECreating a new narrative that displaces the old narrative.
21Which “Big Five” personality dimension was found to be most correlated with job performance criteria such as job proficiency, training proficiency, and personnel data across different occupational groups (professionals, police, managers, sales, skilled/semi-skilled)?
- AExtraversion
- BEmotional Stability
- CAgreeableness
- DConscientiousness
- EOpenness to experience
22What does Daniel Kahneman in his recent book “Thinking Fast and Slow” meant by saying that there are two ways in which our brain works i.e. “System 1” & “System 2”?
- ADepending on a person some people are born with rational type of thinking and some opposite.
- BThere are two ways in which we process information, first quick intuitive, automatic and the second one slow deliberate and effortful.
- CDepending on the education some people can develop the skillset to use the second system of thinking.
- DBoth A and B are correct.
- ENone of the answers above is correct.
23While low performers are attached to their companies through a transactional psychological contract, what is driving high performers to build a more relational psychological contract with their employers?
- ABetter pay
- BFlexible work arrangements
- CYear-end bonus
- DAdvancement opportunities
- ENone of the above
24What is the definition for “Intercultural competence”?
- AThe ability of a person to identify different cultures when confronted to them
- BThe Inclination of a company/manager to hire people from diversified cultural backgrounds
- CThe fact that a person lived and worked in many different countries
- DThe ability to develop targeted knowledge, skills and attitudes that are appropriate in intercultural interactions
- EThe ability of a company to implement its offer in different countries without adapting its marketing or product to local markets
25Which of the following is considered a manifestation of Loss Aversion?
- AThe Status Quo Bias
- BThe Ostrich Effect
- CThe Framing Effect
- DThe Social Desirability Bias
- ENone of the above
26Equity theory, first developed by behavioural psychologist J. Stacey Adams, is a theory of motivation in the workplace. It states that individuals in organisations compare the ratio of their outcomes/inputs to those of their colleagues, and motivation is linked to this ratio comparison. In the context of payment/salary, what would be the behavioural reaction of an individual who notices an overpayment inequity and is overpaid compared to colleagues completing the same job?
- AIncrease inputs (work harder)
- BLower outcomes (e.g. take no salary for work on paid vacation days)
- CNo behavioural change (continue with the same inputs that give high pay)
- DBoth A) and B) are correct
27Which of the following describes the Pre-mortem Technique pioneered by Klein?
- ADefining future goals and planning how to get there.
- BProjecting oneself into the future, imagining the worst has already happened and finding a potential story how it happened.
- CImagining the worst case of a past decision and determining how this could have happened and why it did not happen.
- DImagining the worst has already happened and finding a solution to improve your situation.
- EImagining the best case has already happened and trying to find the main differences to your current state.
28Which one of the following statement is incorrect about the Big Five, the Five-Factor Model and Five-Factor Theory?
- ABig Five are a coordinate system that maps which traits go together in people's descriptions or ratings of one another
- BThe word " Five-Factor Model" can refer either to a descriptive framework of what has been observed, or to a theoretical explanation of causes and consequences
- CThe Big Five only concern with personal characteristics and emotional reactions, while exclude any interpersonal reactions
- DThe term "Big Five" was coined by Lew Goldberg and was originally associated with studies of personality traits used in natural language
- EFive-Factor Theory includes a number of propositions about the nature, origins, and developmental course of personality traits, and about the relation of traits to many of the other personality variables mentioned earlier.
29The desire to obtain status in organizational settings is, simply put, part of human nature. Taken together, the research of evolutionary psychology on group size and hierarchy helps a manager to think anew about teams. The following statements are true except:
- AManagers should try to keep teams, such as work groups and committees, to manageable family-size proportions of up to 12.
- BManagers should build a common set of purposes by maintaining an egalitarian ethos of sharing and equal rights.
- CManagers should probably not try to run teams as strict democracies.
- DManagers should watch out for herding.
- EManagers should not allow informal leadership roles to operate.
30There are five distinct stages that groups go through. Which of the followings is NOT in the five-stage group-development model?
- AForming stage
- BStorming stage
- CNorming stage
- DDeveloping stage
- EPerforming stage
31Which one of the following statements is able to define “employee engagement” better?
- Aan individual’s working hours
- Ban individual’s working load and participation in meetings
- Can individual’s relationship with supervisors and colleagues
- Dan individual’s presence in the team and company
- Ean individual’s involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for, the work he or she does
32Which of the following is true about contingency theories of leadership?
- ALeaders infuse work and organizations with meaning and a value-driven mission.
- BThey are categorized with regard to a task-orientation and people-orientation.
- CDifferent contexts may call for different kinds of leadership.
- DSometimes are referred to as “Great Man” Theories.
- EThe power of a leader’s personal abilities and talents to influence followers in profound, extraordinary and transformative ways
33In the 1980s and 1990s, Korean Air faced numeral crises from plane crash accident. In fact, it has the highest number of plane crash among all airlines. However, Korean Air turned themselves around in the late 1990s, and now it’s one of the most well-known airline for its safety. In the book Outlier, Malcolm Gladwell explored this peculiar phenomena on what resulted in the turnaround of Korean Air. Which of the following is Gladwell’s main argument for such a transformation in the airline?
- AChange in minimum training requirement for the pilots
- BAirline recognizing their own cultural legacy
- CIntroduction of a new/younger management team
- DIncrease in the number of women pilot in the airline
- ENone of the above
34How is someone’s relation to risk affected when they make decisions for themselves comparing to when they make decisions for others?
- ADecisions for others are less risk-averse in the gain frame and less risk-seeking in the loss frame than decisions for the self.
- BDecisions for others are more risk-averse in the gain frame and more risk-seeking in the loss frame than decisions for the self.
- CDecisions for others are more risk-averse in the gain frame and less risk-seeking in the loss frame than decisions for the self.
- DDecisions for others are less risk-averse in the gain frame and more risk-seeking in the loss frame than decisions for the self.
- ENone of the above.
35According to Rowe and Boulgarides’ (1992) decision style theory, there are four decision making styles including directive, analytical, conceptual and behavioral. Which of the followings is the characteristic of a directive style decision making?
- ALow tolerance for ambiguity and orientated to tasks and technical concerns
- BHigh tolerance for ambiguity and orientated to tasks and technical concerns
- CLow tolerance for ambiguity and orientated to people and social concerns
- DHigh tolerance for ambiguity and orientated to people and social concerns
- ENone of the above is correct
36According to the article “Climbing the Corporate Ladder” by Eliot Sherman, which of the following is false in regard to the gender issue?
- AIt is generally expected that for men, having a child will not affect their work habits in the slightest
- BHaving children makes it more challenging for women than men to gain power and influence in their careers
- CSince the gender issue is a very sensitive topic, those who want to successfully climb up the corporate ladder should try to avoid acknowledging it as best as they can
- DThere is currently a double standard for women to be able to excel in their careers and become the perfect parent at the same time
- EAll of the above are true
37Which of the following management skill reflect Pygmalion Effect the most?
- ASales manager wrote an email to all the employees in sales department, saying that any unfair treatment or doubt could be reported directly through replying to this email.
- BIn the monthly meeting, after making a conclusion for sales numbers, sales director highlighted managers’ performance for last month, and settled an higher expectation for next season with great confidence.
- CBrand manager consider it efficient to gather employees around and share personal ideas about tendency of future products.
- DHR Manager designed a system, recording and grading each employee’s performance on a monthly basis.
- EPricing director required each piece of worked based on rigorous analysis of historical data.
38What is an example of the anchoring effect as outlined in Daniel Kahneman’s Thinking Fast and Slow?
- AJohn would only sell his favourite mug for $10 or more but would only pay $6 to buy the exact same mug from the store
- BSean decides to buy house insurance after watching news coverage of Hurricane Irma
- CJeremy is determined to continue gambling until he recoups his losses, despite being down 40%
- DClaire always starts negotiations with potential tenants at a higher than expected figure
- EMicrosoft Outlook classifies all emails with the phrase “be your own boss” as spam
39Which of the following examples best illustrates the Golem effect?
- AStudents with optimistic character traits have been found to deliver better performances than students with a more pessimistic attitude
- BTeachers who have high-biased expectations have seen a positive effect on their student’s performance
- CStudents who have high expectations of themselves have found to have better performances than students with high expectations of themselves
- DTeachers who have low-biased expectations have seen a negative effect on their student’s performance
- ENone of the above
40What is confirmation bias?
- AThe belief that one must first confirm a piece of information scientifically for it to be considered true.
- BThe human tendency to seek information that confirms one’s prior beliefs while ignoring evidence to the contrary
- CAn inclination to want to confirm something with other people before believing it
- DThe human tendency to believe that one is always right
- EAn objective assessment of problems faced
41Which of the following is NOT an example of halo effect?
- AGood-looking people are more intelligent, more successful and more popular
- BPeople attribute the success of a company to visionary leaders
- CPeople believe that a struggling company must have a poor strategy and weak execution
- DWhen a business plan doesn’t turn out well, the managers examine the decision process itself and not just the outcome
- EWhen a celebrity spokesperson endorses a product, people tend to favour that product based on their positive evaluation of the spokesperson
42What is the difference between agile and flexible working?
- AFlexible working conditions allow you to make autonomous decisions without management consent whereas agile working conditions are more restrictive and require management consent.
- BFlexible working conditions are negotiated, require management permission and are for employee benefit and are an exception to the norm, whereas agile working conditions involve the ability to work remotely.
- CFlexible working conditions are newer to the work life and are seen as a way to allow the management to benefit by giving the employees the illusion of control, whereas agile working conditions are to do with easy rotations between departments at work.
- DFlexible work conditions are less structured than agile work conditions.
- EThere is no difference between the two.
43Which of the following is the conflict handling style that should be used when a disruption would be costly?
- AThe Dominating Style
- BThe Avoiding Style
- CThe Compromising Style
- DThe Accommodating Style
- EThe Collaborating Style
44In his Ted talk “The puzzle of motivation”, Daniel Pink explains that performance in a workplace can be improved by setting up intrinsic motivation, which is motivation that is not fuelled by external factors like incentives or on the contrary punishments. All the following examples describe intrinsic motivation, EXCEPT:
- ADeveloping a training program for all employees willing to learn
- BPutting in place an “Employee of the month” scheme
- CGiving more responsibility and flexibility to employees
- DRewarding employees with bonuses based on annual performance
- EOrganising an office party to celebrate the end of a successful project
45“One doesn’t manage creativity. One manages for creativity.” The role of a leader is to create an environment in which creativity is encouraged. Which of the following methods to achieve this does not foster such an environment?
- ADefine creativity for your business without making it a formula, and getting everyone on the same page.
- BStrike a balance between art and commerce
- CProvide space for both collaborative and individual expression
- DDemand creativity by offering cash rewards for innovative ideas
- EProvide structural guardrails without constraining freedom
46According to evolutionary psychologists, how do you get people to take risks?
- ABy creating a safe environment
- BBy comforting them
- CBy rewarding successful risk takers
- DBy threatening them
- EBy creating group pressure
47Which of the following statements are incorrect about eye-contact?
- ASpeakers that seek out eye contact are more confident and believable
- BWe increase eye contact with people we admire or have power over us
- CWomen prefer face-to-face conversation, rather than talk standing side-by-side
- DWe increase eye contact when we feel depressed
- EEye contact produces powerful sense of connection
48According to Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jackobson how does the ‘Pygmalion Effect’ come to life in a classroom and how do teachers interact with their students?
- ATeachers are nicer to students who they have high expectations and create a warmer climate for them
- BTeachers teach more material to students of who they have high expectations
- CTeachers provide more response opportunities to students of who they have high expectations and help them shape the answer
- DTeachers praise students of who they have high expectations more and provide them with more detailed and constructive feedback when they get their answer wrong
- EAll of the above
49Which skill is not necessary for a marketing professional in order to become a successful leader?
- AStrategic thinking
- BPeople management
- CProblem solving
- DVision
- EWritten communication
50“Job crafting” is becoming a popular among managers because it helps employees:
- AHave zero motivation to complete day-to-day tasks
- BFeel obligated to partake, increasing likelihood of deviancy
- CFeel their work is more meaningful and invigorating
- DWork harder due to work-related incentives
- EStreamline their workflows by using Six Sigma
51In comparison to light media multitaskers, heavy media multitaskers:
- AAre more likely to ignore irrelevant representations in memory
- BHave greater difficulty filtering out irrelevant stimuli from their environment
- CAre more effective in suppressing the activation of irrelevant task sets
- DApproach fundamental information processing activities the same as light media multitaskers do
- ENeither light media multitasking nor heavy media multitasking has an impact on information processing activities
52Which of the following is not one of the key elements to make a Google team effective?
- ADependability
- BPsychological safety
- CMix of traits and skills
- DStructure and clarity
- EImpact
53According to the theory of riskless choices in decision making, which property does not characterize the “economic man” ?
- AComplete information
- BRationality
- CInfinite sensitivity
- DIndependence
- EAll of the above
54Which effect could best illustrate the following scenario?
“The senior manager of a multinational consulting company was very satisfied with the talents of the MiM graduates recruited last year. He set high standards and had high expectations for them. This year, through the guidance and supervision of the senior manager, it turns out that most of them are performing superbly.”- AThe Golem Effect
- BThe Spotlight Effect
- CThe Placebo Effect
- DThe Pygmalion Effect
- EThe Telescoping Effect
55What is the tetris effect?
- ATendency to look for what’s missing in one’s life
- BAddiction to solving puzzles
- CPhenomenon that occurs when people devote too much time and attention to an activity that it begins to pattern their thoughts, mental images and dreams.
- DStudy that shows playing the game Tetris enhances your problem solving skills
- ENone of the above
56According to the Pratfall effect, what should brands be doing?
- AEnsure that their flaws are not known to the public
- BFlaunt their imperfections to make the brand more attractive
- CPutting across an extremely appealing (perfect) image of the product while marketing
- DReduce the sales of the products intentionally
- ENone of the above
57Which of the following statements best describes the ‘Benjamin Franklin Effect’?
- AAn increase in physical performance in situations with high levels of stress
- BThe phenomenon that a person who has done a favor for someone is more likely to do another favor for that person than a person who has received the favor instead
- CThe ability to persuade other people by providing excessive amounts of information not targeting the topic in discussion
- DThe possibility to improve one’s performance in any subject by repeated practice
- ENone of the above
58What characterizes a person described as “information broker” in the context of professional networks ?
- AHis network consists of different diverse groups of people and therefore he can connect disparate groups to each other and foster information exchange and spread between them
- BHe does not exchange information and is basically a black hole
- CHe adds as many people as possible on LinkedIn to expand its newsfeed on the website
- DHe searches LinkedIn for information and sells it outside the network
- ENone of the above
59What is the Hawthorne Effect?
- AThe idea that internal promotion results in a better understanding of the employees under one’s supervision.
- BThe discovery that higher remuneration does not necessarily result in higher motivation.
- CThe phenomenon that behavior of people changes when they know to be under observation.
- DThe phenomenon that perception of power changes with increasing formal power in an organisation.
- EThe phenomenon that success achieved through informal power is perceived as more justified than success achieved through formal power.
60What is the chameleon effect?
- AStaying quiet and reserved during networking events to observe without being noticed
- BPurposely wearing the same colour as the walls in a room in order to blend in
- CAdjusting your behaviours in a group setting to fit in to the norm
- DAvoiding work confrontation by always agreeing with other opinions
- EMirroring someone’s gestures, expressions, posture, vocal pitch, or tone in conversation
61What is an element of “second generation gender bias” that causes women to be underrepresented in leadership positions?
- ALack of role models for women
- BGendered career paths and gendered work (workplaces only suiting the needs of male workers)
- CWomen’s lack of access to network and sponsors
- DDouble binds (a mismatch between conventional feminine qualities and leadership qualities)
- EAll of the above
62Which of the following is not part of Pixar’s Operating Principles for managing a creative organisation?
- ACraft a learning environment
- BCreate a peer culture
- CEmpower your creative
- DMaintain a hierarchical communication structure
- EGet more out of post-mortems
63Which of the following statements is true?
- AProcrastination usually hinders productivity and creativity.
- BProperly organized people are usually more productive and creative.
- CChronic procrastinators are likely to be more creative and productive.
- DTo increase productivity and creativity proper planning is always the right method.
- EProcrastination and planning do not have a significant impact on creativity and productivity.
64Networking can be a powerful skill in job hunting and it can be even more significant in organizational life. Social Network Analysis (SNA) conducted a survey to examine the structure of social relationships in a group. Based on their findings, people play different roles in a network. Which of the following role is NOT included in a normal network?
- ACentral connectors
- BBoundary spanners
- CPeripheral specialists
- DHelpful collaborators
- ESelf- conscious speakers
65What is the disconfirmation bias?
- AIt is a natural behavior that makes people rather do not believe a statement than believe it
- BWhen people are in a crowd and faced with a fact they do not know about they tend to disagree rather than agree
- CWhen people are faced with a fact that is false, they would rather believe that the next fact they hear is also not true
- DWhen people are faced with evidence for and against their beliefs, they will be more likely to accept the evidence that supports their beliefs
- EWhen a person just was wrong with his prior statement, he/she starts to doubt his/her belief in the future
66____is discretionary behavior that is NOT part of an employee’s formal job requirement, but that promotes the effective functioning of the organization.
- AProductivity
- BMotivation
- COrganizational citizenship
- DOrganizational behavior
- ECorporate strategy
67Asking for and receiving constructive feedback can at times be a challenge. Which of the following is NOT an efficient way to get the feedback you need?
- AUnderstand what feedback you are looking for
- BPose specific questions
- CSchedule time to ask for feedback
- DPress for specific examples
- EAsk colleagues for feedback
68Job rejections have got to be one of the tougher forms of rejection. Getting feedback on why you didn’t get the job will be incredibly helpful as you continue on in your search. Which of the following is the most proper way to ask for feedback after a job rejection?
- ACall the interviewer to ask for feedback
- BMessage the interviewer through Linkedin for feedback
- CVisit the company to ask for meeting the interviewer
- DEmail the interviewer to give him/her the option of providing feedback
- EEmail the interviewer to demand feedback
69Which one of these biases represents the tendency for people to prefer a smaller reward immediately as opposed to a bigger reward in a long time? For example, a lot of people would prefer to get $100 today instead of getting $120 two months from today.
- ASelective perception
- BZero-risk bias
- CIrrational escalation
- DHyperbolic discounting
- EEndowment effect
70What is the most effective method of studying for long-term retention?
- ACramming
- BTesting / Memory Retrieval
- CElaboration
- DRepeated study
- EStudy once
71According to the Big Five Personality Dimensions, if you score high in Conscientiousness, you are more likely to be:
- Apersevering
- Baffectionate
- Csympathetic
- Dself-conscious
- Edaring
72Which one of the following statements of the big five personality traits is right?
- AThe human personality can be divided into five broad categories or domains--openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism and aggressiveness
- BCertain personalities, such as conscientiousness, are better than other personalities, such as neuroticism
- CA person's personality may change over the course of adulthood, in response to life events such as entering a committed relationship or advancing in a career.
- DPeople scored high in neuroticism are more likely to give others direct impact
- ENone of the above statement is right
73In Kahneman’s book Thinking, Fast and Slow, the author speaks about two thinking systems called System 1 and System 2 respectively. Which of the following would not be considered an example for a System 1 activity?
- ARealising that one object is further aways than another
- BIdentifying words on large billboards
- CComprehending simple sentences
- DCompleting a tax form
- ESolving 1 + 1 = ?
74In his article « Climbing the Corporate Ladder », Elliot Sherman mentions each of the following in order to gain more influence and power in the workplace except:
- ACapacity to influence others
- BCapacity to network with employees from different levels of management within the firm
- CTake into consideration how differences in culture might impact relationships in the workplace
- DGather knowledge about employee’s opinions on past conflicts
- EBe wary of the power paradox
75Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between big five personality traits and ethical leadership?
- AAgreeableness were positively related to subordinate perceptions of ethical leadership
- BConscientiousness were negatively related to subordinate perceptions of ethical leadership.
- COpenness to experience were negatively related to subordinate perceptions of ethical leadership
- DAgreeableness was the weakest dimension that predicts ethical leadership
- ENone of the above is true.
76According to Vroom’s expectancy theory, in which situation can individuals be motivated?
- AThere is a positive correlation between efforts and performance.
- BFavorable performance will result in a desirable reward.
- CThe reward will satisfy an important need.
- DThe desire to satisfy the need is strong enough to make the effort worthwhile.
- EAll of the above
77The diversity in the workplace can NOT usually bring what kind of benefit?
- AImproved understanding of the marketplace
- BStable improvement of performance
- CProblem-solving ability in teams
- DBetter use of talent
- EEnhanced creativity
78Which is an example of an intrinsic motivator?
- AAs a consultant at McKinsey, you’re working with a client mapping their product journey. The success of this project will lead to a hefty bonus.
- BTESCO offers 5% discount on all items if you buy their loyalty card.
- CYou pursue a Masters in Management because it is fun to meet people from vast, diverse backgrounds and enhance your performance in organisations
- DYou choose to take an advanced degree in management from LBS because it has been ranked 4th in the 2017 FT rankings
- EYou’re working on a product that uses animal testing. You’re a PETA member and are against animal testing but you don’t want to let your team down.
79According to The Big Five Personality Dimensions, (Costa & McCrae, 1992), individuals high on Neuroticism tend not to experience which of the following:
- ADepression
- BSelf-consciousness
- CCalmness
- DImpulsiveness
- EVulnerability
80What is the anchoring effect?
- AA certain set of emotions provoked by System 2 that make you stand your ground in an argument if the subject is important to you
- BA cognitive bias that describes the tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information offered when making decisions
- CA part of human nature that drives you to make the same decisions as your parents when faced with recognisable issues from your childhood
- DAn idea that certain personality traits are anchored so deep inside you that it is impossible to change them over time
- EA made up effect that has nothing to do with PiO and should only be used to describe how boats are fastened to the seabed when floating around the big oceans
81If you’ve been divorced, you’ll likely overestimate the frequency of divorces. If your friend gets cancer, you’ll be much more likely to go get your annual checkup. If you keep seeing/hearing about shark attacks in the news and radio, you’ll likely think shark attacks occur much more frequently than they actually do. What is the name of the heuristic that gives rise to this effect?
- AThe availability heuristic
- BThe conjunctional thinking heuristic
- CThe Babbarwal bias heuristic
- DThe Chavdrovan dilemma heuristic
- EThe Sum Ting Wong heuristic
82As mentioned in Kahneman, Lovallo and Sibony’s article, cognitive scientists acknowledge two modes of thinking: intuitive and reflective. Which of the following is not an example for intuitive thinking?
- ARiding a bicycle
- BPlaying football
- CChatting with friends
- DLearning Mandarin
- ECooking pasta
83Which of the following enhances your cognitive control?
- ATaking a hot shower.
- BLooking at a picture of Antarctica.
- CTalking to your best friend.
- DEating a high-protein snack.
- ENone of the above.
84Which of the following is true with regards to innovation in a team?
- ADivergent thinking is more important than convergent.
- BAny conflict within the team can be detrimental.
- CA high level of diversity will increase the degree of innovation.
- DTeams are more innovative when they have to battle against traditional managers.
- ENone of the above.
85In his ted talk “how great leaders inspire action”, Simon Sinek denote a pattern that made ordinary people history-changing leaders. This pattern is based on the golden circle concept. Which of the following describes the golden concept?
- AThe more valuable the surrounding network is, the more successful the leader is.
- BThe background (personal and professional experiences) of a leader is not common.
- CThe leader is/was part of an exceptional team coupled by talented consultants.
- DThe leader acts by defining its purpose first, and unveiling its product last.
- ERight time, Right place, Right person.
86According to Nigel Nicholson’s “How Hardwired is Human Behavior”, the author posits that in humans:
- Aemotions come before calculus
- Bthinking comes before calculus
- Cclassification comes before calculus
- Doverthinking comes before calculus
- ESinging comes before calculus
87What is set-up-to-fail syndrome?
- AWhen managers set unrealistic goals to their teams resulting in low performance and therefore low self-esteem among the team members
- BA situation when employee become perceived as a weak performer in the result of low expectations that his manager has for him
- CIt is a common syndrome among personalities that suffer from low self-esteem and great sensitivity to how the others perceive them
- DIt is the pessimistic attitude that many people fall into after they experience a big failure or disappointment which discourages them from striving for great results
- ENone of the above
88What is the name of the psychological phenomenon explaining why lower expectations placed upon individuals either by supervisors or the individual themselves lead to poorer performance by the individual?
- AThe Oedipus complex
- BThe Pygmalion effect
- CThe Gargoyle effect
- DThe Golem effect
- ENone of the above
89Behavioural game theory does not take into account:
- Astandard (analytical) game theory
- Bhow players feel about the payoffs other players receive
- Ccultural differences
- Dlimits in strategic thinking
- Eeffects of learning
90According to Douglas McGregor, leadership styles can be explained by two different attitudes towards subordinates. Leaders can either subscribe to the assumptions of theory X or Theory Y. Which of the following is not true about theory Y?
- ATheory Y states that under the right circumstances and motivation, people will adopt greater responsibility concerning organizational problems.
- BA leader that supports the assumptions of Theory Y will not use fear and control to force people to work effectively.
- CA leader that supports the assumptions of Theory Y is more people oriented and cares about relationships.
- DTheory Y is based on the assumption that people are generally lazy, have no ambition, avoid responsibility and need to be threatened and controlled to work.
- ETheory Y reflects the assumption that people view work as a challenge and use creativity and imagination to solve problems.
91Which of the following is not a constructive way to give feedback to your organization’s key leader?
- APromote accountability and transparency
- BUse the “I like, I wish, I wonder” approach
- CGive feedback through email instead of meeting with them in person
- DBuild a relationship with them early on to build a degree of trust
- EBase your feedback on data to effectively open a constructive conversation
92Which of the following is not a consequence of lack of self-control?
- ANegative Leadership Styles
- BIncreased prosocial behaviour
- CIncreased unethical behaviour
- DReduced work performance
- ENone of the above
93‘Brainstorming’ has become a widely used tool for groups to develop ideas, however what is the biggest risk of using this technique?
- ABy asking a group to generate ideas you might end up with too many ideas, which dilute the focus and energy of the group
- BThe Brainstorming technique puts extra pressure on individuals in a group who cannot come up with clever ideas
- CYou run the risk of finding too unrealistic ideas/solutions, which can never be exercised in practice
- DBrainstorming can lead to group-thinking: when group members share thoughts, their ideas tend to converge
- EBrainstorming is a complex technique, which can only be exercised by experts
94Which one of the following would be an example of the Pygmalion effect?
- ATyrion has been assigned an insignificant position on the board of directors by Tywin (CEO), who has always believed him to be a useless addition to the family (company). Since then, Tyrion has become careless in his daily tasks.
- BCersei (HR director), has appealed to have Tyrion removed from the council due to his long-forgotten previous misconduct. Her decision is based on existing feelings of apathy towards Tyrion, which may provoke revengeful behaviour in the future.
- CTyrion is confident that if he establishes a sound network among the board of directors, he will have more chances to be considered for the available CFO position.
- DJamie (Group Operations Director), is involved in a restructuring project with Tyrion. He always saw Tyrion as a bright and creative individual, so he has openly praised Tyrion during the council meeting. Tyrion has become even more dedicated and proactive in the project.
- ETyrion is fed up. He has decided to quit vertical progression, switching to horizontal progression, by joining the same position in the Targaryen Team (competitor company).
95Imagine you are taking a college course. You observe that there is a student in the class that has been very quiet during the entire term, then you conclude that the student has a shy personality, instead of adequately consider situational factors like the course was very boring. Which bias explain this conception?
- ACorrespondence bias
- BSelf-serving bias
- CConfirmation bias
- DBlind spot bias
- EEgocentric bias
96According to the Big Five theory, which traits are associated with Extraversion:
- AAssertive
- BMerry
- CEnergetic
- DArticulate
- EAll of the above
97What does the Motivation-Hygiene Theory (Herzberg’s two factor theory) conclude about the relationship between factors related to job satisfaction (motivators) and factors related to job dissatisfaction (hygiene factors)?
- ARemedying causes of dissatisfaction (such as relationship with supervisor, company policies, status) will create satisfaction.
- BIf company policy promotes factors that cause job satisfaction, this prevents job dissatisfaction.
- CJob satisfaction and job dissatisfaction stem from two entirely different set of factors and the opposite of satisfaction is no satisfaction and the opposite of dissatisfaction is no dissatisfaction.
- DLow job satisfaction causes a lack of motivation and therefore high job dissatisfaction.
- ENone of the above.
98What is ‘the grit effect’ in psychology as defined by Lauren Eskreis-Winkler et al., and how does it impact one’s performance in military, the workplace, school and marriage?
- AIt contributes to individuals becoming more patient and willing to listen to wider suggestions before committing to a chosen path
- BIt contributes to sustained goal commitment and predicts one`s retention in all four mentioned areas
- CIt obstructs long-term commitment to goals resulting in individuals becoming less likely to advance to higher positions
- DIt contributes to sustained goal commitment but only predicts behaviour in workplace and school, but not in military or marriage.
- EIt has no real effect on the level of commitment to goals, even though scholars once thought differently
99According to Judge et al.’s “Five-Factor model of personality and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis” (2002), which character trait along the big five personality traits is the main reason for less satisfaction at the workplace because employees would experience too much stimulation.
- AHigh on agreeableness
- BLow on extraversion
- CHigh on extraversion
- DLow on conscientiousness
- EHigh on neuroticism
100“Many decisions, such as whether to invest in the stock market or to accept a new job, involve the possibility of gaining or losing relative to the status quo. When faced with such decisions, most people are markedly risk averse”. Why so?
- AThe subjective impact of losses is roughly twice that of gains
- BPeople demand substantially more money to part with objects that they have been given than what they would have been willing to pay to acquire those objects in the first place
- CLosses give rise to activation in regions that have been associated with negative emotions
- DAll of the above
101Even though already having been developed back in the 1960s, the term emotional intelligence primarily gained wide popularity in 1995 through the same-named book of the bestselling author, psychologist and science journalist Daniel Goleman.
One of his main findings concerning this topic is the following:- AWhat matters most for a person to be successful in today’s business world are sharp analytical skills and creativity.
- BA person may display high intelligence, outstanding analytical skills and great technical knowledge, but without emotional intelligence he or she will not make a great leader.
- CThe importance of emotional intelligence always depends on the type of organisation a person is working for.
- DIQ is a better predictor for future success than emotional intelligence.
- ENone of the above.
102What is the best way to formulate criticism?
- ADo it in private, be a straight shooter and unaffected by your mood/emotions
- BTry to generalize in order to make the criticized person feel encouraged
- CHeavily criticize the person so he/she remembers what you said and understands his/her mistakes
- DTry to be indirect so the criticized person does not feel too bad
- ENone of the above
103How is Hofstede’s 6 dimensions of national culture relevant to the current business environment?
- AThere is a need for a reduction in cultural biases
- BTo allow businesses to operate more effectively in the global market
- CTo show how values in the workplace are influenced and affected by culture, allowing businesses to assess business environments
- DBecause it is impossible to work effectively without knowledge of cultural norms
- EThere is a need for different cultures to be represented fairly within an organization
104Imagine that you are working in Super Busy Bank, your boss is extremely demanding and dominating. Initially, you believe that staying up until the next morning is unhealthy, and you’ll never do that. But your boss forces you to complete all the job before going to sleep. As he’s your direct supervisor, you choose to obey, and start to think that, maybe staying up occasionally won’t do any harm. According to Emerson’s Power-Dependence theory, your mind change is called_____
- Acost reduction
- Bmotivational withdrawal
- Cextension of power network
- Dcoalition formation
- Eemergence of status
105In his “Theory of Marriage”, Becker, a Nobel Prize in Economics laureate, argues and proves that the only way to reach an employee equilibrium and maximize the productivity within the workplace is to
- AMatch the workers of equal talent within teams
- BMatch the most talented with the least talented within teams
- CLet the people within the company decide who they want to work with
- DReach a 50/50 men/women ratio within the company and teams
- ENone of the above.
106Large organisations often face the challenge of their workers breaking into cliques and subgroups within the company. Nicholson argues that this is because
- AStatus in societies is often achieved through competition. Humans naturally split into smaller subgroups which foster this competition
- BIt is in the human psychology to gossip. As such, it is easier to find out secrets and other information in smaller groups
- CIn the hunter-gatherer age it was important to cooperate and act friendly to form social alliances. Because of this, people are naturally drawn to separate off into smaller groups with common interests
- DThe human brain can comfortably function in a social group of maximum 150 members
- EHuman societies are organised around a family model. Because of this, people in large organisations are psychologically drawn to form smaller groups of their own
107In a 1995 study, a group of family physicians were presented a scenario involving a patient with osteoarthritis. The physicians evaluated the patient’s case and suggested a treatment for it however they were reminded to also consider a medication that could help cure the patient. Following this recommendation, the majority of the physicians prescribed the new medication in addition to the initial treatment they agreed to give. Which of the following was the decision taken by the majority of the physicians when two medications this time, were recommended for them to prescribe to the patient in addition to the initial treatment?
- AThey prescribed only one of the two medications to the patient in addition to the initial treatment
- BThey prescribed both of the medications to the patient in addition to the initial treatment
- CThey prescribed none of the medications to the patient and pursued the initial treatment
- DThey decide to re-evaluate the patient’s case after realizing that too many factors have been omitted
- ENone of the above
108In his book 'Thinking Fast and Slow', Daniel Kahneman introduces a cognitive bias that explains how irrational we are when making decisions. In particular, the bias indicates how we can be heavily influenced by what we immediately recall when making decisions, possibly neglecting other important factors that might emerge if we prolong the deliberation process.
What is the name of this cognitive bias?- AWYSIATI
- BOmission Bias
- CCurse of Knowledge
- DCongruence Bias
- EReactance
109According to Eliot Sherman in “Climbing the Corporate Ladder”, which of the following is not an advisable means to advancing at the workplace?
- ADemonstrating that you are hungry and committed to the company’s success.
- BTiptoeing around gender issues at work as they are uncomfortable to discuss.
- CExtend the strategy of securing power into maintaining it.
- DUnderstanding the operation of office politics
- EBeing culturally sensitive to people from different nationalities.
110What is the fundamental characteristic that every feedback should have?
- ABe broad and general in order to let people improve in all possible aspects
- BBe addressed directly to the person, stating why in your opinion their behaving like this
- CBe actionable in order to let people focus just on that specific issue
- DBe gentle, addressing it as a leading question
- EConvey other people’s opinions, in order to communicate everyone’s thought about the matter
111The key thrust for Pay for Performance Systems is stimulus. Which are the two elements of this stimulus?
- AMotivational and Directional
- BDirectional and Disciplinary
- CInformational and Motivational
- DDisciplinary and Informational
- EInformational and Directional
112Psychological bias – also known as cognitive bias – is the tendency to make decisions or take action in an illogical way. Which of the following psychological bias would best explain the situation: If you're in a car accident, and the other driver is at fault, you're more likely to assume that he or she is a bad driver than you are to consider whether bad weather played a role.
- AFundamental Attribution Error
- BGambler's Fallacy
- COverconfidence Bias
- DAnchoring
- EConfirmation Bias
113Which of the following paradigms of leadership theory would best help explain the success of both “confrontational” leaders like Jeff Bezos (CEO of Amazon) as well as “harmonious” managers like Steve Kerr (coach of the Golden State Warriors)?
- ATransactional leadership theory
- BContingency theory
- CTrait theory
- DTransformational leadership theory
- EAll of the above
114In “Climbing the corporate ladder”, Eliot Sherman outlines that we should be wary of the Power Paradox coined by Keltner . Which of the following best describes the Power Paradox?
- AWhen you help others, you tend to lose your position in power, however, people are more willing to help you when you are in a position of vulnerability
- BYou gain power by helping others, however, those who have secured positions of power become more selfish which sets them on a course towards losing power
- CWhen others help you, you are left in a much more advantageous position and then you have no incentive to help others. Other people can foresee this and thus they will not bother helping you
- DYou do not reap benefits when helping others as you leave them in a better position, therefore both parties will not help each other
- EAll of the above
115According to Deborah Tannen’s “The Power of Talk”, which of the following conversational rituals is the most likely to result in misunderstandings?
- AApologies
- BFeedback
- CCompliments
- DRitual Opposition
- EAsking Questions
116Which of the following related to theory X and theory Y at the workplace is not true?
- AAdopting theory X indicates that managers believe that external incentives are necessary to product work efficiency.
- BAdopting theory Y managers believe that workers are naturally driven.
- CTheory X lead to more worker participation than theory Y in a team
- DTheory X believer will be more authoritarian in management style.
- ENone of the above
117According to Michel Foucault, what type of behaviour does Jeremy Bentham’s idea of a Panopticon Prison aim to provoke amongst its occupants?
- AHard work
- BSelf-monitoring
- CNeuroticism
- DJoy
- EAggression
118According to the experiments conducted by Y. Jun, R. Meng, and G. Johar in “Perceived social presence reduces fact-checking”, which of the following can be seen as the reason for reduced fact-checking in social environments?
- AIt’s a matter of social loafing
- BIt’s a genuine behavior resulting from trust
- CEvaluating statements alone relative to in the company of others facilitate greater engagement with content
- DSocial stimuli such as “likes” or “shares” or collective presence generally lead to reduced vigilance
119Nigel Nicholson in his HBR article “How Hardwired is Human Behaviour” posits that emotion, loss aversion, overconfidence, categorical thinking and social intuition will continue to regularly prevail in business decisions. What do evolutionary psychologist in the article suggest to mitigate these forces:
- ATo have a clear view of our biased nature to construct a mindset guarding against them
- BTo make decisions in a group environment to avoid individual traits clouding judgment
- CTo delay decision making and allow undesired forces to calm down
- DTo make decisions immediately when those forces are the weakest
- EAll of the above
120Apart from the notable importance of IQ and EQ, which of the following illustrates the importance of developing CQ (Cultural Intelligence)?
- ACQ enhances language learning abilities
- BCQ bridges knowledge gaps
- CCQ makes answering tough questions easier
- DCQ enables an individual to efficiently accomplish their goals
- ECQ can be easily taught to others
121According to Daniel Goleman, on which of the following emotional intelligence (EI) domains does one needs to focus in order to become an effective leader?
- ASelf-awareness
- BSelf-management
- CSocial Awareness
- DRelationship Management
- EAll of the above
122What does Eliot Sherman mean for “Know the politics” in his six ways of get ahead in the workplace?
- ATo influence others
- BTo work with someone who shares your goals
- CTo gain power and influence by helping others
- DUnderstanding people’s attitude and knowing their past conflicts in the firm
- ENone of the above
123Under which of the following circumstances are you most unlikely to be subject to “affect heuristic”?
- AWhen you are giving employees' year-end performance evaluations;
- BWhen you are comparing financials with main competitors;
- CWhen you are deciding location for your new shop;
- DWhen you are considering brand for a newly launched product.
124What is the not-invented-here syndrome?
- ATendency of developers and/or organizations to reject suitable external solutions in preference of internally developed ones
- BTendency of developers and/or organizations to reject suitable internal solutions in preference of externally developed ones
- CTendency of teams within an organization to reject suitable solutions developed within the team in preference of more efficient externally developed ones
- DTendency of teams within an organization to reject suitable solutions developed within the team in preference of more cost-effective externally developed ones
- ENone of the above
125What kind of the criterion category suggested by Barrick and Mount does Openness to Experience validly predict?
- AJob proficiency
- BPersonnel data
- CTraining proficiency
- DNone of the above
126“Job crafting” is an exercise that allows you to reassess your professional situation and incorporate your passions, motives, and strengths. Which of the following is NOT a core aspect of work that you can redefine?
- ATasks
- BRelationships
- CSalary
- DPerceptions
- ENone of the above
127What is the self-serving bias?
- AThe tendency to take actions based on your own interest and not the general interest
- BA belief that good situations are the result of your own decisions and actions whereas bad situations are caused by external forces
- CThe concept that leaders should not be too much influenced by other people’s idea and should keep to their own instinct
- DBelieving that mutually discussed decisions are always better than enforced decisions by charismatic leadership
- EThe idea that the sum of each individualistic decision in an organization will always result in a better outcome for the organization
128How would you define the new concept of “empowerment”?
- AYou can achieve ultimate power by giving it to the people who work for you.
- BLeaders can maximize their own power and their opportunities for success by enabling the employees they supervise also to achieve their own sense of power and success.
- CLeaders are beginning to see the need to involve organization members at all levels in making decisions and solving problems.
- DPower operates under the same principle as love: The more you give to others, the more you receive in return.
- EAll of the above
129What traits are frequently associated with Neuroticism?
- ABeing sociable, gregarious, assertive, talkative and active
- BBeing anxious, depressed, angry, embarrassed, emotional, worried and insecure
- CBeing courteous, flexible, trusting, good natured, cooperative, forgiving and tolerant
- DBeing careful, thorough, responsible, organized and planful
- EBeing imaginative, cultured, curious, original, broad-minded and intelligent
130According to research on office politics, performing well in which of the following dimensions is not generally linked to an increase in job performance, leadership and advancement:
- ASocial astuteness (ability to understand how people perceive you)
- BInterpersonal influence (ability to influence convincingly the decision making of others)
- CDisengagement from office politics (ability to ignore the politics of the office and focus solely of work)
- DNetworking ability (the ability to form mutually beneficial connections with colleagues)
- EApparent sincerity (being perceived by others as being honest)
131What is saliency bias?
- AUsing prominent events to disproportionately shape future decisions
- BIgnoring fresh evidence in favour of a previously held hypothesis
- CDoing something because it has been adopted and recommended by others
- DA predisposition towards viewing oneself as superior to others in a given scenario
- ENone of the above
132In our VUCA world, successful managers must have all these skills, except:
- ACourage
- BAdaptability
- CVision
- DUnderstanding
- ETechnical knowledge
133If you decide to make a career switch, what should you NOT do?
- AThink it through
- BPrepare yourself
- CNetwork with other firms / professionals whilst still employed
- DAct quickly
- ETest out your new career
134Which of the following items is not part of the GAPS grid?
- AAbilities
- BPerception of others
- CPurpose
- DGoals
- EStandards
135Which component does not belong to the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) concept of a human personality type.
- AExtraversion
- BSensing
- CThinking
- DLearning
- EJudging
136According to the recent research results by University of Leipzig, birth order does NOT influence any of the "big five" personality traits possibly because:
- ALater-borns, who are expected to be more peer-oriented than firstborns, may be less conscientious than firstborns
- BParents focus more on early-borns and impact less on later-borns
- CEarly-borns “tutor” later-borns and believe later-borns will grow up with similar personalities
- DThe ages impacts upon personalities confuse with the influence of birth order
- EIntelligence of early-borns is found to be higher than later-borns
137Teams solve problems faster when they’re more Cognitively Diverse. A high degree of cognitive diversity could generate accelerated learning and performance in the face of new, uncertain, and complex situations. Which of the following statements does NOT hold true in relation to cognitive diversity.
- ADefined as the differences in perspective or information processing styles.
- BIndependent of our education, our culture, and other social conditioning.
- CHow individuals think about, engage and approach problems.
- DPredicted by factors such as gender, ethnicity, or age.
- ENone of the above
138On a presentation slide filled with text, the numerical information really sticks out. This is known as the ____ effect. However, some information, regardless of the background or context, always stands out, depending on personal interests. This is known as the ____ effect.
- ASalience, Vividness
- BVividness, Salience
- CBoth biases refer to the context effects
- DNone of the above
139What is not included in the 5 ways people unwittingly sabotage their rise to leadership?
- AOveremphasizing personal goals
- BNot protecting public imagine
- CTurning competitors into enemies
- DGoing it alone
- EWaiting for permission
140Ranking the probability of two combined events, P(A&B), higher than the probability of the two events separately, P(A) or P(B), is an example of
- Athe Prospect Theory
- Bthe Mental Account Bias
- Cthe Conjunction Fallacy
- Dthe Framing Bias
- Enone of the above
141Which of the following best describes the affect heuristic?
- ATo infer the success and growth of a company because of its leaders
- BTo analyse options based on past experience or data only
- CTo focus only on one plausible option and to ignore other credible alternatives
- DTo let decisions be influenced by emotions rather than neutrality
- ENone of the above
142Which one of the following practical suggestions would most hinder one’s capacity to manage and lead others through trust?
- ARecognize excellence in a tangible, unexpected, personal and public manner
- BGive people discretion in how they do their work
- CInduce “challenge stress” by setting difficult but achievable jobs to the teams
- DMicromanage their tasks to insure they work on what they excel at
- EShow vulnerability and ask for help when needed
143Which one of the following reasons is not mentioned in the article in terms of why collective settings tends to suppress fact-checking ?
- APeople feel confident about their answers when others are around
- BPeople may expect to free-ride on others’ effort
- CPeople tend to assume that a speaker is telling the truth thus avoid expressing skepticism so as not to offend him or her (conversational norm)
- DPeople in groups tend to hesitate in verifying ambiguous statements because of their anxiety
- EBeing around others automatically lowers people’s guards （safety in numbers)
144Jim got promoted to a partner at BCG, London . In a meeting, it was cited that Jim’s ability to “stay hungry” was the main reason for his promotion. According to E. Shermon’s “Climbing the corporate ladder ?” What does the term “stay hungry” mean ? Choose the most appropriate response.
- AJim was able to acknowledge and address the gender issues that existed within the company.
- BJim, himself a British, was able to work efficiently with people from diverse cultural backgrounds
- CJim, despite spending long working hours in the office, would be the first to respond and competently handle an office emergency situation.
- DJim had this strong ability to get his teammates reach a consensus in a very short amount of time.
- ENone of the Above
145A research studying the effect of different mindsets in a business organization shows that employees in growth-mindset companies tend to :
- APerform better and are highly productive
- BWorry more about failure and then avoid taking risks and pursue fewer innovative project
- CBe more innovative, collaborative, and committed to learning and growing
- DBe chosen for their past accomplishments and their recognized talents
- EOnly A and C are the correct answers
146According to the 5 Factor Model, which personality traits has the strongest link to leadership?
- ANeuroticism
- BConscientiousness
- COpenness to Experience
- DAgreeableness
- EExtroversion
147An interviewer forms an initial impression about an interviewee after the first few questions and makes an initial assessment of whether the candidate is a good fit for the role. The remaining questions are in line with that first impression framed, regardless of the performance of the interviewee after the initial interview. This is an example of:
- ASelective perception
- BHalo effect
- CForced consistency
- DFundamental attribution error
148Which one is not a proper way to talk to an employee who rubs people the wrong way?
- ABe transparent about your intention
- BMake judgments, generalize, interpret to the employee
- CTake a walk together
- DAsk for input from the employee’s perspective
- EStay calm and centred
149What are the two processes the brain follows while making decisions?
- AObjective definition and alternative assessment
- BProblem framing and judgement consideration
- CPattern recognition and emotional tagging
- DConsequence evaluation and unconscious self-interest
- ENone of the above
150Which of the following leadership styles is most commonly seen in the armed forces
- ATransactional Leadership
- BLaissez - Faire Leadership
- CCharismatic Leadership
- DAutocratic Leadership
- EDemocratic Leadership
151Which of the following is an appropriate way to help a colleague when he performed poorly in a team project?
- AGive harsh criticism without mentioning what specific behaviours need to be changed
- BLabel him as a team laggard and tell him to work hard
- CComplain to the supervisor about such poor performance
- DAssess whether he is open to change before you bring up your suggestions
- EKeep quiet and complete his part of the task
152This error can occur during performance appraisals when a manager has an overly positive perception of their employee. What is the name of this bias?
- AStrictness Error
- BLeniency Error
- CCentral Tendency Error
- DSimilar-to-me Error
- ERecency Error
153Which of the following is not one of the key actions for changing mind-sets and behaviour according to the influence model?
- ARole modelling
- BFostering understanding and conviction
- CDeveloping talent and skills
- DCreating a strong work ethic
- EReinforcing with formal mechanisms
154What are the big 5 personality dimensions currently recognised and first identified by Ernest Tupes and Raymond Christal ?
- AIntroversion, Emotional Intelligence, Compassion, Charisma, Open Mindedness
- BIntroversion, Emotional Intelligence, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience
- CExtraversion, Emotional Stability, Agreeableness, Compassion, Charisma, Open Mindedness
- DExtraversion, Emotional Intelligence, Compassion, Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience
- EExtraversion, Emotional Stability, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience
155Which is not a crucial factor for organizational health?
- ALeadership factory
- BHR department’s efficiency
- CContinuous improvement engine
- DTalent and knowledge core
- EMarket shaper
156It can be easy to bridge cultural gaps in organisations; however, some differences are more difficult to overcome. Which of the following is not a rule in order to overcome such difficulties?
- ADon’t underestimate the challenge
- BApply multiple perspectives
- CFind the positive in other approaches
- DMaintain regular cultural interaction
- EAdjust and readjust your position
157How can identity be defined according to Herminia Ibarra in her “How to Stay Stuck in the Wrong Career” paper?
- AInner core
- BTrue self
- CRelatively stable personality structure, defined by aptitudes, preferences, and values
- DCombination of many different selves
- EConcept a person develops about him/herself which evolves over the course of life
158There are currently 191 projects in the Government Major Projects Portfolio worth a combined £354 billion. There is evidence that optimism bias leads to severe cost and time overruns. Which of the following strategies would not help to reduce the cognitive bias:
- AFull identification of stakeholder requirements
- BAccurate Costing
- CProject & Risk Management
- DEliminating expensive projects
- EAccurate Scheduling
159Due to which cognitive bias would a person be inclined towards attributing positive events to one’s own character, but attributing negative events to external factors?
- ACurrent Moment Bias
- BNegative Bias
- CSelf-serving Bias
- DProjection Bias
- EObservational Selection Bias
160Which one of the following individual differences has strong correlation with academic procrastination?
- ASelf-efficacy
- BLocus of control
- CThinking
- DFeeling
- EGender
161In the book Thinking Fast and Slow, Kahneman differentiates between System 1 and System 2. System 1 operates in all of the following ways, apart from:
- Ainstinctively
- Bautomatically
- Cslowly
- Dwith minimal effort
- Eno sense of voluntary control
162How should organizations make their decisions in today’s fast changing world?
- ABig data driven decision making
- BDecision making based on action, engagement and adaptive mindset
- CDecision making based on hierarchy and strict rules
- DDeliberate, fully informed decision making
- ENone of the above
163According to a survey by the Economist Intelligence Unit, which of the following cognitive biases LEAST affects corporate employees?
- ATaking short-cuts
- BFinancial greed
- CGroupthink
- DPeople pleasing
- EPersonal feelings
Information
- Description
- Quiz on Performance in Organisations A, created by Ricky Balboa on 28/09/2017.
- Author
- Ricky Balboa
- Language
- English
- Views
- 80
- Rating
- No ratings yet Rate this quiz