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Question 1
Question
Cognitive features impaired in AD are:
Answer
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Attentional and executive deficits
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Anterograde episodic memory
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Semantics
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All of the above
Question 2
Question
Question 2
Working memory is:
(multiple answers are possible)
Answer
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A. a cognitive system that is responsible for the transient holding, processing, and manipulation of information
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B. an executive controller that interacts with separate short-term stores for auditory-verbal and visuo-spatial information
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C. a cognitive system where information can be stored for long periods of time
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D. a limited capacity system that is capable of briefly storing and manage information involved in the performance of complex cognitive tasks such as reasoning, comprehension and certain types of learning
Question 3
Question
Synaptic loss is a prominent early pathological feature of AD, and closely associated to cognitive decline, it is mainly localized:
Answers:
Answer
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A. Hippocampus
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B. Diffuse in all the brain
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C. Mainly in Cortices
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D. Entorhinal cortex
Question 4
Question
Described by Braak and Braak, tangles sequentially appear in the following specific regions as AD progresses:
Answer
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A. Limbic-Isocortical-Transentorihnal
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B. Transetorihnal-Limbic-Isocortical
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C. Isocortical-Transentorihnal- Limbic
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D. Transentorihnal- Isocortical-Limbic
Question 5
Question
In Anterograde Amnesia: (multiple answers possible)
Answers:
Answer
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A. Memories created prior to the event that caused the amnesia are lost while new memories can still be created.
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B. There is loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past
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C. New memories can still be created.
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D. Long-term memories from before the event remain intact
Question 6
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Question 6
One of the earliest pathological changes on AD is the increase in tangle Tau formation in:
Answer
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A. Transenthorhinal region
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B. Striatum
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D. Parietal cortex
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C. Prefrontal cortex
Question 7
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The most common familial early onset AD is related to:
Answer
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A. Presenilin 2 gene at Chromosome 1
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B. Apolipoprotein E gene at Chromosome 19
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C. Presenilin 1 gene at Chromosome 14
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D. Amyloid protein precursor at Chromosome 21
Question 8
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Question 8
Studies of AD patients with FDG-PET + MRI coregistration (Positron emission tomography with fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in combination to Magnetic Resonance Imaging) revealed the importance of the following structures in the site of early pathology in AD
(multiple answers possible)
Answer
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A. Posterior cingulate
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D. Mediotemporal lobe
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C. Mammillary bodies and thalamus,
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B. Retrosplenial cortex
Question 9
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Question 9
Other early pathological changes on AD is the increase in amyloid plaques in:
(multiple answer possible)
Answer
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A. Transenthorhinal region
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D. Parietal cortex
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B. Posterior cinguate cortex
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C. Frontal and association cortices
Question 10
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Question 10
The greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's are: (multiple answers possible)
Answer
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A. Gender
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B. Age
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C. Genetics
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D. Head injury
Question 11
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Hallmarks of Alzheimer's include: (multiple answer possible)
Answer
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A. Degeneration of hippocampal and cortical neurons
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B. Reduced cholinergic transmission
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C. Neuritic plaques
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D. Neurofibrillary Tangles
Question 12
Question
The following are the aims of AD treatment active and possible at the present time:
(multiple answers possible)
Answer
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A. Neuroregeneration (reversal of symptomatic decline)
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B. Augmentation (delay of symptomatic decline)
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C. Neuroprotection (slowing of symptomatic decline)
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D. Suppression (inhibition of symptomatic decline)
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