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PSYCH 150: CHAPTER 8
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Questions in this quiz (70)
1What is the best description for the mind-body problem?
- Athe degree to which all aspects of human nature are understood in terms of our physical
brains and bodies - Bthe dispute among psychologists as to whether human nature is a product of biological or
environmental influences - Cthe philosophical argument for the physical basis of the mind
- Dthe degree to which neurotransmitters or hormones effect our personality and behavior
- Athe degree to which all aspects of human nature are understood in terms of our physical
2The most important thing scientists gain by studying animal models for the biological basis of
personality is ________.- Alearning how to modify our behavior to lower our risk of animal attack
- Bto gain understanding of our own anatomy by studying animals with similar brain
structures as our own - Cto better learn how to communicate with them via sign-language
- Dto help tame animals adjust in the wild
3Which brain region secretes several hormones and is located just above the roof of the mouth?
- Acingulate
- Bhypothalamus
- Cfrontal lobes
- Dhippocampus
4What brain region is responsible for both an individual’s strong time management skill and ability to
consistently do the morally right thing?- Abasal ganglia
- Bamygdala
- Cfrontal lobes
- Dhippocampus
5Which brain structure is responsible for an individual’s capacity to remember large amounts of
information in preparation for an exam?- Abasal ganglia
- Bhypothalamus
- Cthalamus
- Dhippocampus
6Nerve fibers that organize and regulate transmissions between nerves are called ________.
- Aafferent nerves
- Befferent nerves
- Cinterneurons
- Dextraneurons
7Nerves that send messages from the body to the brain are called ________, whereas nerves that carry
messages from the brain to the body are called ________.- Aafferent nerves; efferent nerves
- Befferent nerves; afferent nerves
- Cinterneurons; extraneurons
- Dextraneurons; interneurons
8The projections from nerves that receive stimulation are called ________ and ________ pass this
message on to the next neuron.- Aaxons; synapses
- Bdendrites; axons
- Cafferents; axons
- Defferents; synapses
9What part of the human brain seems to be the most distinct from the brains of nonhuman animals?
- Ahypothalamus
- Bamygdala
- Chippocampus
- Dneocortex
10What term refers to brain regions that have been injured, removed, or destroyed?
- Alesions
- Bafferent areas
- Ctomographs
- Defferent areas
11What technique can be used to temporarily knock out regions of the brain without having to create
lasting lesions?- Aelectroencephalography
- Bmagnetoencephalography
- Ctranscranial magnetic stimulation
- Dencephalographic stimulation
12As surgeons stimulated a particular part of her brain, Lisa experienced dramatic feelings of
hopelessness and dread. According to the text, surgeons are most likely stimulating the central region
of the left ________.- Afrontal cortex
- Bsubstantia nigra
- Camygdala
- Dascending reticular activating system
13What neurotransmitter is NOT typically associated with the substantia nigra?
- Adopamine
- Bnorepinephrine
- Cserotonin
- Doxytocin
14________ is a phenomenon that explains the tendency for the function of one part of the brain to
depend on the activity of another.- ANeural context
- BInhibitory activity
- CBlood oxygen level dependent (BOLD)
- DPerfusion imaging (PI)
15What term refers to images of very thin slices of the brain?
- AX-rays
- Btomographs
- Cmagnetic images
- Dsonographs
16What is the oldest brain-imaging technique?
- Aelectroencephalography (EEG)
- Bmagnetoencephalography (MEG)
- Cpositron emission tomography (PET)
- Dfunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
17The ________ signal shows differences in brain activity levels in one condition versus another
condition in an fMRI experiment.- Aelectroencephalographic (EEG)
- Btranscranial differential (TD)
- Cblood oxygen level dependent (BOLD)
- Dperfusion imaging (PI)
18Which of the following brain imaging techniques would be most useful to a researcher interested in
brain blood flow activity associated with fear after viewing pictures of spiders?- Apositron emission tomography (PET)
- Bfunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
- Ccomputed tomography (CT)
- Delectroencephalography (EEG)
19What is NOT a challenge associated with the advancement of neural imaging technology?
- AIt is sensitive to outside interference.
- BIt is extremely expensive to acquire and operate.
- CIt introduces trace amounts of harmful chemicals into the human body.
- DIt requires expert attention in its operation and statistical analysis.
20Recent feedback regarding fMRI research suggests that results from such studies might be misleading
and exaggerated due to ________.- Afraudulent data collection practices
- Bquestionable analytic techniques
- Cunreliable machine hardware
- Duncooperative subject participation
21Which of these brain structures is thought to play a role in judging whether stimuli offer threats or
rewards?- Aamygdala
- Bhippocampus
- Cventromedial cortex
- Dneocortex
22In 1966, Charles Whitman killed his wife, his mother, and 14 more people at the University of Texas
before he was killed by police. An autopsy revealed that a tumor affecting Whitman’s ________ was
likely the cause for the ________behind his killing spree.- Afrontal lobe; emotional experience
- Bamygdala; motivation
- Cventromedial cortex; motivation
- Dcerebellum; emotional experience
23What piece of evidence best suggests that the frontal lobes are associated with the experience of
emotion?- AThe left frontal lobe seems to be more active when a person is approaching something
pleasant. - BDopamine has been linked to novelty-seeking behavior.
- CStimulating the hippocampus causes individuals to remember past events.
- DSerotonin has been shown to inhibit feelings and impulses.
- AThe left frontal lobe seems to be more active when a person is approaching something
24The case of railroad worker Phineas Gage illustrates that ________.
- Abrain injuries affect physical but not psychological functioning
- Binjuries to the brain can affect personality and behavior
- Cthe amygdala has important effects on fear and anger
- Dthe right hemisphere is the province of image-oriented, intuitive thinking
25Early reports about personality and emotional changes in Phineas Gage after his accident led to
________.- Aan increased appreciation for substantia nigra
- Ban increased appreciation for the difficulties with neurosurgeries
- Cneurosurgeons performing lobotomies to control maladaptive behavior
- Da better understanding of how oxytocin functions in the brain
26What part of Phineas Gage’s brain was damaged in his accident?
- Ahippocampus
- Bbrain stem
- Ccerebellum
- Dfrontal lobes
27If damaged, which of the following areas of the brain would result in a flattening out of emotional
responses?- Afrontal lobe
- Bcorpus collosum
- Camygdala
- Dnucleus accumbens
28Before brain surgery, Elliott was a good father and held a responsible job. After removal of portions of
his frontal lobe, what prediction about Elliott’s personality is likely to come true?- AHe will experience visual hallucinations.
- BHe will experience auditory hallucinations.
- CHis emotional reactions and decision-making abilities will be impaired.
- DHe will be even more driven and focused on his work.
29According to Damasio’s somatic marker hypothesis, damage to the right frontal lobes impairs a
person’s ________, which then impairs his or her ________.- Aemotional reactions to events and thoughts; ability to make decisions about what is and is
not important - Bprimary visual and auditory cortexes; ability to distinguish real sensory stimulation from
hallucinations - Creptilian brain; ability to perform creative activities as opposed to simple responses and
fixed patterns of behavior - Dability to experience pain; fear of consequences
- Aemotional reactions to events and thoughts; ability to make decisions about what is and is
30Capgras syndrome arises from damage to the ________.
- Aamygdala
- Bbrain stem
- Cright frontal lobe
- Dleft frontal lobe
31Someone inflicted with Capgras syndrome would likely ________.
- Aspontaneously produce curse words
- Bhave wild emotional swings in response to loved ones
- Cbe unable to experience fear
- Dfail to feel an emotional response to loved ones
32What brain region seems to connect the two halves of the brain?
- Abrain stem
- Bfrontal lobes
- Ccorpus callosum
- Dhippocampus
33Which brain region is important for detecting a discrepancy between the actual world and expectations
about the world?- Ahippocampus
- Bamygdala
- Canterior cingulate
- Dright frontal lobe
34Which of the following would NOT be a pronounced symptom in a patient who suffers frontal lobe
damage?- Aimpaired language abilities
- Bproblems with decision making
- Cflattened emotional responses
- Dself-control difficulties
35Evidence from brain imaging research and brain damage case studies suggests that the ________
is(are) the location of cognitive control, serving to anticipate and plan the future and help to regulate
emotions in response to it.- Afrontal lobes
- Bamygdala
- Cbrain stem
- Dhippocampus
36One reason why the results of psychosurgeries are often erratic is that ________.
- Adifferent brain structures have different functional roles in different people
- Bbrain systems might be more important for functioning than discrete areas
- Ctools designed to lesion the brain are not very sophisticated
- Dthe infections that often accompany these surgeries further damage the brain
37Which of the following was NOT one of bodily humors?
- Ablood
- Bblack bile
- Cphlegm
- Dmarrow
38Galen suggested that there were ________ basic types of personality, each linked to an excessive
amount of a different ________.- Afive; hormone
- Bthree; neurotransmitter
- Cfour; bodily humor
- Dtwo; inhibitory neural mechanism
39According to Galen, an excess of yellow bile would cause a person to most likely ________.
- Aisolate themselves from others
- Bbe thoughtlessly rude and cold
- Cbe friendly and cheerful at a party
- Dhold a grudge after an argument
40Chemicals that facilitate communication between neurons are called ________.
- Asynapses
- Bhormones
- Cneurotransmitters
- Dinhibitory communicators
41What term describes the junction between two neurons?
- Aneurotransmitter
- Bsynapse
- Caxon
- Dnode
42According to the text, the chemicals that make up neurotransmitters are also important in determining
the neurotransmitters’ specific behavioral expression. An example of this is ________.- Amonoamine oxidase’s breakdown of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin
- Bendorphin inhibition due to levels of certain other hormones
- Cthe length of the neurotransmitter’s axon determining the strength of its expression
- Dthe blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) affecting the speed of any neural impulse
43According to research by modern health psychologists, the choleric, or chronically hostile, person
seems to be at extra risk for ________.- Aa heart attack
- Bcancer
- Cdiabetes
- DAlzheimer’s disease
44The term ________ refers to the body’s natural painkillers, which are chemicals that act in an
________ fashion.- Amonoamine oxidase; excitatory
- Bdopamine; inhibitory
- Cendorphins; inhibitory
- Dserotonin; excitatory
45The neurotransmitter dopamine is associated with systems that ________.
- Arespond to reward
- Bgenerate acute feelings of anxiety
- Cblock the effects of opiates
- Dgenerate vertigo
46According to DeYoung’s theory, which neurotransmitter is the foundation of plasticity?
- Aoxytocin
- Bmonoamine oxidase
- Cserotonin
- Ddopamine
47What brain structure in conjunction with dopamine works to form the Go system in Gray’s model?
- Aascending reticular activating system
- Bsubstantia nigra
- Cnucleus accumbens
- Damygdala
48According to Jeffrey Gray’s theory, dopamine is associated with the ________ system, which he
argues produces and reinforces the motivation to ________.- Abehavioral activation; seek rewards
- Bascending reticular activating; seek interpersonal contact
- Cbehavioral activation; seek interpersonal contact
- Dascending reticular activating; seek rewards
49What is the technical name for drugs like Prozac?
- Aselective serotonin depletion inhibitors
- Bselective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- Cserotonin selection and reuptake facilitators
- Dserotonin reuptake facilitators
50According to DeYoung’s theory, which neurotransmitter is the foundation of stability?
- Aoxytocin
- Bmonoamine oxidase
- Cserotonin
- Ddopamine
51Wayne tends to suffer from chronic pessimism, is hypersensitive to rejection, worries obsessively, and
is prone to sudden bursts of irrational anger. He is exhibiting the symptoms of ________.- Ahigh norepinephrine levels
- Bserotonin depletion
- Chormonal imbalance
- Dlow dopamine levels
52The chemicals that are released from the hypothalamus, the gonads, and the adrenal cortex are called
________, whereas the chemicals released by bioelectrical impulses throughout the brain are called
________.- Asynapses; hormones
- Bhormones; neurotransmitters
- Cneurotransmitters; synapses
- Dinhibitory communicators; dendrites
53Which hormone is associated with the fight-or-flight response?
- Aepinephrine
- Bserotonin
- Cmonoamine oxidase
- Ddopamine
54During the prehistoric era of human development, women were most likely to calm everyone down
and band people together when faced with a threat. According to S. E. Taylor, what hormone is
associated with this response?- Aepinephrine
- Bserotonin
- Coxytocin
- Ddopamine
55________ levels of testosterone have been observed in dominant males competing with other males for
the attention of women, and ________ levels of testosterone have been observed for men entering
fatherhood.- ALow; high
- BHigh; high
- CLow; low
- DHigh; low
56What is the best description of the role that testosterone plays in personality?
- AIt acts as a direct cause of frustration.
- BIt acts as an energizing factor that accentuates existing behavioral tendencies.
- CIt acts as a dampening factor that reduces existing behavioral tendencies.
- DIt seems to directly influence levels of agreeableness in men but not in women.
57Shortly after joining the cross-country team, Patrick’s friends have noticed that he is irrationally
aggressive and erratic. What is a reasonable conclusion Patrick’s friends can draw about his behavior?- AHe has started taking an SSRI to help with his anxiety.
- BHe’s undergoing catharsis therapy.
- CHe is going through puberty.
- DHe has started using anabolic steroids.
58In one study, male U.S. military veterans were asked about their past behaviors, and those with higher
testosterone levels more often reported having assaulted others. This is evidence for testosterone’s
association with ________.- Aerratic and aggressive tendencies
- Bhaving very many sexual partners
- Cdepression
- Ddelusions
59Thomas is known to be the life of every party. He most likely has high levels of which hormone?
- Adopamine
- Btestosterone
- Coxytocin
- Dserotonin
60Brad has had substantially more sex partners and has demonstrated more excessive behavior than
Todd. We can safely assume that Brad has ________ relative to Todd.- Afailure in dopamine reuptake
- Bsynaptic decay
- Chigh testosterone levels
- Dan estrogen imbalance
61One problem researchers experience when attempting to directly link testosterone to aggression and
sexuality is that ________.- Athe relationships have never been studied in women
- Btestosterone seems to affect sexual desire in men but not in women
- Cit is difficult to determine the causal direction because aggression and sex can affect
testosterone levels - Dboth sex and especially aggression are difficult to study in the lab
62According to the text, which one of the following is the most appropriate way to interpret a strong
relationship between levels of testosterone and self-reported sociability and impulsivity?- AHigh levels of testosterone cause people to be more social and impulsive.
- BIndividuals who are social and impulsive put themselves in situations which will always
increase their testosterone level. - CThere is evidence behind increases in testosterone being both cause and effect for
increases in sociability and impulsivity, and so we cannot make a claim to know the
directionality of this relationship. - DThere is not a strong enough relationship between testosterone and sociability and
impulsivity to merit its interpretation.
63Low levels of cortisol are associated with which psychological disorder?
- AType A personality
- Bsocial phobia
- Cpost-traumatic stress syndrome
- Dantisocial personality disorder
64High levels of cortisol appear to be associated with ________, and low levels of cortisol appear to be
associated with ________.- Astress, anxiety, and depression; impulsivity and sensation seeking
- Bextraversion; introversion
- Cextraversion; neuroticism
- Dthe left frontal lobe; the right frontal lobe
65Gordon is walking down his street, sees an angry dog running towards him, and begins to run in the
opposite direction. In addition to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, he would also display an
increase in which glucocorticoid hormone?- Aserotonin
- Bestrogen
- Cprogesterone
- Dcortisol
66Someone with excess cortisol production might be at risk for ________.
- Aheart disease
- Bsexual dysfunction
- Caggression
- Dan increase in brain size
67We would expect a newlywed couple to have high levels of which hormone?
- Anorepinephrine
- Bserotonin
- Ccortisol
- Doxytocin
68According to one theory proposed by Australian psychologists, oxytocin is more than just a “love”
hormone because it seems to ________.- Afacilitate approach behavior
- Baccentuate all behavioral tendencies
- Cfacilitate sex as well as bonding
- Dplaces individuals at risk for social phobias
69Which piece of evidence is LEAST relevant to Anne Campbell’s theory concerning the function of
oxytocin?- AOxytocin increases during childbirth.
- BOxytocin is related to fight-or-flight behaviors.
- COxytocin is related to sexual activity and orgasm.
- DOxytocin is related to breast feeding.
70According to the textbook, which of the following is the best description of the causal link between
biological processes and social behavior?- ABiological processes cause social behavior but not vice versa.
- BSocial behavior causes biological processes but not vice versa.
- CBiological processes and social behavior are both causes and effects of each other.
- DThere is no evidence of a causal link between biological processes and social behavior.
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- midterm/midterm/final Psychology 150 (Chapters 2-10) Quiz on PSYCH 150: CHAPTER 8, created by Jade P on 04/12/2017.
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