Lungs Anatomophysiology

1. 1Label the thoracic cage

   

   1. A1-7
   2. Btrue
   3. C8-10
   4. Dfalse
   5. E11-12
   6. Ffloating
   7. Gthoracic inlet
   8. Hthoracic outlet
   9. Isternum
   10. Jmanubrium
   11. Ksternal angle
   12. LT4/T5
   13. MBody
   14. NXiphoid process
   15. ODiaphragm
2. 2Label the parts of the diagram

   

   1. Aleft
   2. Bapex
   3. Ccupola
   4. Desophagus
   5. Etrachea
   6. Fsternal
   7. Gangle
   8. Hsuperior
   9. Ithoracic
   10. Japerture
3. 3Lungs extend slightly above the [blank_start]first[blank_end] [blank_start]lung[blank_end].

   1. Afirst
   2. Blung
4. 4Lungs expand anterio-posteriorly and laterally only.

   1. ATrue
   2. BFalse
5. 5Label the parts of the diagram (spine)

   

   1. APaired synovial joints
   2. Banterior longitudinal ligament
   3. CIntervertebral disc
   4. DRadiate ligament
   5. ECostal demifacet
   6. FSuperior articular process
   7. GTransverse process
   8. Hcostotransverse ligament
6. 6Label the joints/parts of rib cage

   

   1. Asynovial joints
   2. Bsymphasis
   3. Csymphasis
   4. Dcostal cartilage
   5. Exiphisternal joint
   6. Fmanubriosternal joint
7. 7Label these muscles needed for INHALATION:

   

   1. ADiaphragm
   2. Bexternal intercostals
8. 8Parts of the Diaphragm:

   

   1. Acentral tendon
   2. Besophagus
   3. CCrura
   4. DL1
   5. EL2
   6. FL1
   7. GL3
   8. HAbdominal aorta
   9. IT12
   10. JInferior vena cava
   11. KT8
   12. Lcostal margin
   13. MC3
   14. NC5
   15. Oaorta
9. 9What are the accessory muscles of inhalation?

   

   1. Aserratus anterior
   2. BLatissimus Dorsi
   3. CPectoralis minor
   4. DScalenes
   5. ESternocleidomastoid
   6. FPectoralis Major
   7. GExternal intercostals
   8. HDiaphragm
10. 10Label the muscles needed for expiration including the abdominal muscles

    

    1. ALatisimus Dorsi
    2. BInternal intercostals
    3. CTransversus abdominis
    4. DRectus Abdominis
    5. EExternal oblique
    6. FInternal oblique
    7. GDiaphragm
    8. HInnermost intercostals
    9. Icough

11. 11Label the important embryological structures related to the respiratory system.

    

    1. Astomach
    2. Brespiratory diverticulum
    3. Clung buds
    4. Dtrachea
    5. Eesophagus
    6. Fforegut
    7. Gtracheoesophageal ridge
    8. Hrespiratory diverticulum
12. 12What structures pass through the hilum of the right lung?

    

    1. ARight brachiocephalic vein
    2. Bsuperior vena cava
    3. Cinferior vena cava
    4. Dtrachea
    5. Eesophagus
    6. FAzygos vein
13. 13What entryway of the right lung is this called?

    

    1. Ahilum
14. 14What are the vessels that enter the hilum the right lung?

    

    1. Apulmonary arteries
    2. Bsuperior
    3. Cright main bronchus
    4. Dbronchial vessels
    5. Einferior
    6. Fmiddle
    7. Gbronchopulmonary
    8. Hpulmonary ligament
    9. Ipulmonary sleeve
15. 15Label the diagram.

    

    1. Aparietal pleura
    2. Bvisceral pleura
    3. Cpleural cavity
    4. Dmediastinum
    5. Eleft lung
    6. Fright lung
    7. Gdiaphragm
    8. Hcostodiagphramatic recess
    9. Ipleural reflections
16. 16Label the diagram.

    

    1. Acervical pleura
    2. Broot of lung
    3. Cpulmonary ligament
    4. Dcostal part
    5. Eintercostal
    6. Fphrenic
    7. Gmediastinal part
    8. Hdiaphragmatic part
17. 17Label the parts of lungs.

    

    1. Aapex
    2. Bapex
    3. Csuperior
    4. Dsuperior
    5. Eoblique fissure
    6. Foblique fissure
    7. Ghorizontal fissure
    8. Hinferior
    9. Imiddle
    10. Jinferior
    11. Kcardiac notch
18. 18Label the parts and flow of heat/air.

    

    1. Afrontal sinus
    2. Bsphenoid sinus
    3. Carterial flow
    4. Dair flow
    5. Eheat exchange
    6. Fmaxillary sinus
    7. Gnasopharynx
    8. Hsoft pallet
19. 19Label the parts.

    

    1. Anasal
    2. Bperpendicular
    3. Cseptal cartilage
    4. Dvomer
    5. Eincisive foramen
    6. Fmaxilla
    7. Gpalatine bone
    8. Hfrontal sinus
    9. Icribriform
    10. Jsphenoid
    11. Kpharyngeal tonsil
20. 20Label the spinal root levels

    

    1. AT4
    2. BT6
    3. CT5
21. 21Label the parts of the trachea

    

    1. Athyroid cartilage
    2. Bcricoid cartilage
    3. Ctrachealis
    4. Dlumen
    5. Eadventitia
    6. FC shaped
    7. Gmucosa
    8. Hsubmucosa
    9. Ipseudostratified
    10. Jcolumnar
22. 22Label the respiratory histology

    

    1. Aclara cell
    2. Btype II pneumocyte
    3. Ctype I pneumocyte
    4. Dcartilage
    5. Esubmucosa
    6. Fbasement membrane
    7. Gepidermis
23. 23Label the diagram showing the bronchiopulmonary segament.

    

    1. Apulmonary artery
    2. Bsmooth muscle
    3. Cbronchiole
    4. Dterminal bronchiole
    5. Ebronchial
    6. Fpulmonary
    7. Grespiratory bronchiole
    8. Hpulmonary
    9. Ialveolar duct
    10. Jlymphatic
    11. Kalveoli
    12. Lalveolar sac
    13. Mvisceral pleura
24. 24Label the parts of the hilum of the left lung

    

    1. Apulmonary artery
    2. Bbronchial vessels
    3. Csuperior
    4. Dleft main bronchus
    5. Einferior
    6. Fpulmonary ligament
    7. Gpulmonary veins
    8. Hpulmonary sleeve
    9. Ibronchopulmonary lymph node
25. 25Label the diagram around the hilum of the left lung.

    

    1. Aesophagus
    2. Bleft subclavian artery
    3. Cleft brachiocephalic vein
    4. Darch of the aorta
26. 26The left lung can have as many as ____ segments and still function fully,

    1. A8 segments
    2. B10 segments
    3. C12 segments
    4. D5 segments
27. 27The [blank_start]bronchopulmonary[blank_end] [blank_start]segment[blank_end] is the smallest unit of the lung that can function alone. Hence, it can be [blank_start]removed[blank_end] alone and not interfere with the functioning of nearby parts. Pulmonary [blank_start]veins[blank_end] are [blank_start]intersegmental[blank_end], meaning they are adjacently interconnected segments.

    1. Abronchopulmonary
    2. Bsegment
    3. Cremoved
    4. Dintersegmental
    5. Eveins
28. 28Label the parts/mechanisms for gas exchange at the alveoli. (units are mmHg)

    

    1. A40
    2. B104
    3. C40
    4. D104
29. 29[blank_start]Smoker's[blank_end] [blank_start]cough[blank_end] is due to paralysis of the cilia from the [blank_start]smoke[blank_end]. This causes to secretions accumulate and the cilia then become [blank_start]infected[blank_end].

    1. ASmoker's
    2. Bcough
    3. Csmoke
    4. Dinfected
30. 30By beating together all in the [blank_start]same[blank_end] direction, [blank_start]cilia[blank_end] move secretions up towards the larynx. This is so that we can [blank_start]swallow[blank_end] them.

    1. Asame
    2. Bcilia
    3. Cswallow
31. 31Which of these are symptoms of respiratory distess syndrome?

    1. Airregular breathing
    2. Bnostril flaring on inhalation
    3. Cgrunting on exhalation
    4. Dcyanosis
    5. Elabored breathing
    6. Fcarbon monoxide poisoning
    7. Ggrunting on inhalation
    8. Hnostril flaring on exhalation
    9. Isweaty, cold palor
32. 32Which of these are ways of to treat respiratory distress syndrome?

    1. Acontinuous positive airway pressure via nasal tube
    2. Bcontinuous positive airway pressure via mask
    3. Cartificial surfactant injection
    4. Dphospholipid agonists
    5. Ecorticosteroids
33. 33COPD ([blank_start]chronic[blank_end] [blank_start]obstructive[blank_end] [blank_start]pulmonary[blank_end] [blank_start]disease[blank_end]) are caused primarily due to two reasons: [blank_start]chronic[blank_end] bronchitis and [blank_start]emphysema[blank_end].

    1. Achronic
    2. Bobstructive
    3. Cpulmonary
    4. Ddisease
    5. Echronic
    6. Femphysema
34. 34Emphysema is when the [blank_start]alveolar[blank_end] [blank_start]walls[blank_end] become destroyed. This leads to air getting [blank_start]trapped[blank_end] in the chest as you are unable to get air [blank_start]out[blank_end]. (hence the [blank_start]barrel[blank_end] [blank_start]chest[blank_end] appearance.)

    1. Aalveolar
    2. Bwalls
    3. Ctrapped
    4. Dout
    5. Ebarrel
    6. Fchest
35. 35What is true regarding emphysema?

    1. Adecreased surface area
    2. Bincreased surface area
    3. Creduced oxygen diffusion
    4. Dincreased oxygen diffusion
    5. Eat the slightest exercise, there is breathlessness
    6. Fat the slightest exercise, there is severe decrease in breathing rate
    7. Gdecreased elastic recoil
    8. Hincreased elastic recoil
36. 36Do as thy are told.

    

    1. Ajugular notch
    2. Bclavicle
    3. Cxiphoid process
    4. Dintercostal space
    5. Esubcostal margin
    6. Fmanubrium
    7. Gsternal angle
    8. Hbody of sternum
    9. Icostal cartilages
37. 37Label the two main joints of the ribs (_____ joint)

    

    1. Acostotransverse
    2. Bcostovertebral
38. 38What are the different ligaments and discs of the rib joints?

    

    1. ASuperior articular process
    2. Bcostal demifacet
    3. Cradiate ligament
    4. Dintervertebral disc
    5. Eanterior longitudinal ligament
    6. Fpaired synovial joints
    7. Gtransverse process
    8. Hcostotransverse ligament
39. 39Label the cartilage associated joints (rib number is 8-10)

    

    1. Achondral
    2. Bcostochondral joints
    3. Cprimary
    4. Dcartilagenous
    5. Einterchondral joints
    6. F8-10
    7. Gsynovial
40. 40Words like (increase and decrease) to describe the movement of the ribs...

    

    1. Aincrease
    2. Bincrease
41. 41Label (no abbreviations)

    

    1. Ainspiratory reserve volume
    2. Bexpiratory reserve volume
    3. Cresidual volume
    4. Dinspiratory capacity
    5. Efunctional residual capacity
    6. Fvital capacity
    7. Gresidual volume
    8. Htotal lung capacity
42. 42Label the most prominent lymph nodes of the rib cage

    

    1. Aintercostal nodes
    2. Bparasternal nodes
    3. Cdiaphragmatic nodes
43. 43Muscles of the rib cage:

    

    1. Aexternal intercostal
    2. Binternal intercostals
    3. Cinnermost intercostals
44. 44Label vasculature and nerve supply and lymph supply of spine

    

    1. Aanterior
    2. Blateral
    3. Cintercostal nerve
    4. Dcostal groove
    5. Eposterior
    6. Fthoracic
    7. Ganterior
    8. Hcutaneous
    9. Ianterior
    10. Jperforating
    11. Kintercostal
    12. Lartery
    13. Mvein
45. 45Label vasculature

    

    1. Aposterior intercostal artery
    2. Banterior intercostal artery
    3. Cright superior intercostal vein
    4. Dazygos vein
    5. Eleft superior intercostal vein
    6. Finternal thoracic vein
46. 46[blank_start]Costal[blank_end] breathing, aka shallow breathing, is the outward and [blank_start]upward[blank_end] movement of the chest. This type of breathing is due to the [blank_start]external[blank_end] [blank_start]intercostal[blank_end] muscles contracting. Usually, this type of breathing may be a sign of [blank_start]pathology[blank_end].

    1. ACostal
    2. Bupward
    3. Cintercostal
    4. Dexternal
    5. Epathology
47. 47Deep breathing is also known as [blank_start]diaphragmatic[blank_end] breathing. It is the [blank_start]downward[blank_end] and outward movement of the [blank_start]abdomen[blank_end] due to contraction of the main muscle, the [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end].
    
    

    1. Adiaphragmatic
    2. Bdownward
    3. Cabdomen
    4. Ddiaphragm
48. 48What is the nerve and vasculature of the intercostal space?

    

    1. Acontralateral bundle
    2. Bparietal pleura
    3. Cvisceral pleura
    4. Dintercostal vein
    5. Eintercostal artery
    6. Fintercostal nerve
49. 49[blank_start]Vital[blank_end] [blank_start]capacity[blank_end] measures forced respiration.
    
    Bigger [blank_start]vertical[blank_end] volume
    [blank_start]Abdomen[blank_end] moves out
    The [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end] contracts and descends
    Wider [blank_start]lateral[blank_end] expansion of chest.
    

    1. AVital
    2. Bcapacity
    3. Clateral
    4. Ddiaphragm
    5. EAbdomen
    6. Fvertical
50. 50Quiet, natural breathing at rest is measured by [blank_start]tidal[blank_end] [blank_start]volume[blank_end].
    
    Increased [blank_start]vertical[blank_end] volume
    transverse expansion of [blank_start]lower[blank_end] ribs
    There is some movement of [blank_start]intercostal[blank_end] muscles
    [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end] contracts and down
    

    1. Atidal
    2. Bvolume
    3. Cvertical
    4. Dlower
    5. Eintercostal
    6. Fdiaphragm

Description

All diagrams courtesy of Siobhan's lecture.

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Plymouth Med

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