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Reptiles

sophie waddington 19 questions

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Questions in this quiz (19)

  1. 1Reptiles
    - amniote
    - turtles, tuatara, crocodiles, lizards, snakes
    - body covered in [blank_start]scales[blank_end]
    - [blank_start]ecto[blank_end]therms
    - most gas exchange occurs at the [blank_start]lungs[blank_end] > ventilated by chest movements
    - [blank_start]3[blank_end] or nearly 4 chambered heart
    - amniotic egg laid on [blank_start]land[blank_end]
    - [blank_start]paraphyletic[blank_end] group = do not contain all the ancestors from the most recent common ancestor e.g. modern crocodiles are more closely related to [blank_start]birds[blank_end] than turtles
    1. Ascales
    2. Becto
    3. Clungs
    4. D3
    5. Eland
    6. Fparaphyletic
    7. Gbirds
  2. 2[blank_start]Extinct[blank_end] Reptiles

    - [blank_start]ichthyosaurs[blank_end]
    - dinosaurs
    - plesiosaur
    - [blank_start]pterosaur[blank_end] (winged lizards)
    1. AExtinct
    2. Bichthyosaurs
    3. Cpterosaur
  3. 3Reptile Evolution
    - stem reptile fossils (late [blank_start]carboniferous[blank_end] and permian periods) are [blank_start]lizard[blank_end] like characters
    - compared to the tetrapods in that period and modern amphibia the skulls were [blank_start]stronger[blank_end] with [blank_start]teeth[blank_end] that could chew > may have fed on plants
    - stem reptile fossils gradually got [blank_start]stronger[blank_end] skulls (cranium), [blank_start]jaw[blank_end] muscles and teeth all of which are characteristic of more advanced reptiles and mammals as they are hunters
    1. Acarboniferous
    2. Blizard
    3. Cstronger
    4. Dteeth
    5. Estronger
    6. Fjaw
  4. 4Reptile Skulls
    - the skull protects the brain and provides attachment for jaw [blank_start]muscles[blank_end]
    - early reptiles and modern turtles have [blank_start]compact[blank_end] jaws in which the jaw muscles are inside
    - jaw movements can squeeze the [blank_start]brain[blank_end] and jaw size is limited
    - modern turtles have short jaws with toothless [blank_start]beaks[blank_end]
    1. Amuscles
    2. Bcompact
    3. Cbrain
    4. Dbeaks
  5. 5Reptile Jaws cont.
    - most reptiles (and birds and mammals) jaw muscles are protected by [blank_start]arches[blank_end] (holes) outside the cranium

    [blank_start]synapsid[blank_end] = 'single arch' / hole e.g. modern mammals

    dinapsid = 'two arches' modern lizards, snakes, crocodiles, dinosaurs and birds

    [blank_start]anapsid[blank_end] = lack arches e.g. turtles
    1. Asynapsid
    2. Banapsid
    3. Carches
  6. 6Reptile jaws are designed to apply crushing and gripping force to prey or to grind [blank_start]plant[blank_end] material

    whereas fish jaws are designed for [blank_start]suction[blank_end] and rapid closure > fish or amphibia cannot apply as much closing force as reptiles or mammals

    world record bite = 18ft nile [blank_start]crocodile[blank_end] was x15 stronger than large dogs, x9 stronger than a great white shark
    so probably x[blank_start]2[blank_end] as strong as a tryannosaurus
    1. Aplant
    2. Bsuction
    3. Ccrocodile
    4. D2
  7. 7[blank_start]Testudines[blank_end] = turtles, tortoises, terrapins
    - changed little over [blank_start]250[blank_end]mya
    - [blank_start]anapsid[blank_end] skulls > no arches as the jaw muscles are on the inside of the cranium
    - dorsal and [blank_start]ventral[blank_end] plates form a shell into which the head and limbs can withdraw
    - the shell includes the [blank_start]bones[blank_end] on the inside and the [blank_start]scales[blank_end] on the outside
    - in turtles the skeleton is modified so the limb [blank_start]girdles[blank_end] (shoulder and pelvis) are located inside the ribcage this allows them to be withdraw into the shell
    - skins [blank_start]moults[blank_end] continually in small pieces
    - most are in aquatic environments however tortoises are [blank_start]terrestrial[blank_end]
    - female sea turtles lay and cover their eggs in [blank_start]sandy[blank_end] beaches and leave them to develop
    - the eggs hatch and make the dangerous run to the sea (towards the [blank_start]brightest[blank_end] horizon)
    - once in the sea the turtles detect [blank_start]direction[blank_end] from movement cues from waves
    - turtles navigate using [blank_start]magnetic[blank_end] cues from the sea
    1. ATestudines
    2. B250
    3. Canapsid
    4. Dventral
    5. Ebones
    6. Fscales
    7. Ggirdles
    8. Hmoults
    9. Iterrestrial
    10. Jsandy
    11. Kbrightest
    12. Ldirection
    13. Mmagnetic
  8. 8[blank_start]lepidosaurs[blank_end] = grouping name of Tuataras and squamata
    1. Alepidosaurs
  9. 9[blank_start]Tuataras[blank_end]
    - look like lizards but not > share a common ancestor
    - 'peaks on the back'
    - 2 species > endemic to new [blank_start]zealand[blank_end]
    - covered with [blank_start]pigmented[blank_end] (coloured) scales as adults
    1. ATuataras
    2. Bzealand
    3. Cpigmented
  10. 10[blank_start]Squamata[blank_end] = lizards and snakes
    - means scaled
    - skin covered with overlapping [blank_start]scales[blank_end] made of [blank_start]keratin[blank_end] that reduce [blank_start]water[blank_end] loss
    - scales [blank_start]all[blank_end] shed at once
    - they can move both their upper and lower jaws relative to the cranium
    - [blank_start]snakes[blank_end] can swallow large prey
    1. ASquamata
    2. Bscales
    3. Ckeratin
    4. Dwater
    5. Eall
    6. Fsnakes

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Description
Animal Kingdom Quiz on Reptiles, created by sophie waddington on 16/04/2018.
Language
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