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GAB - Cardiovascular System

Description

MCQ covering the 13 CVS lectures taught during GAB year.
Marina Martins
Quiz by Marina Martins, updated more than 1 year ago
Marina Martins
Created by Marina Martins almost 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
When deoxygenated blood returns from circulation, it passes through the heart chambers and valves in what order?
Answer
  • RA > mitral valve > RV > pulmonary valve > LA > tricuspid valve > LV > aortic valve
  • RA > tricuspid valve > RV > pulmonary valve > LA > mitral valve > LV > aortic valve
  • LA > mitral valve > LV > pulmonary valve > RA > tricuspid valve > RV > aortic valve
  • LA > pulmonary valve > LV > tricuspid valve > RA > aortic valve > RV > mitral valve

Question 2

Question
What artery directly provides the blood supply to the heart?
Answer
  • subclavian artery
  • coronary arteries
  • interlobular artery
  • pulmonary artery

Question 3

Question
What is the correct order of an vein's structure, starting from the layer closest to the lumen?
Answer
  • endothelium > internal elastic lamina > tunica media > tunica adventitia
  • epithelium > tunica muscularis > serosa > vaso vasorum > tunica media
  • endothelium > tunica adventitia > internal elastic lamina . tunica media
  • epithelium > tunica adventitia > serosa > tunica media > external elastic lamina

Question 4

Question
What provides proteins to nourish a capillary's endothelium?
Answer
  • pericytes
  • endothelial cell
  • internal elastic lamina
  • basal lamina

Question 5

Question
Sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers are located in which arterial layer?
Answer
  • tunica media
  • tunica adventitia
  • tunica intima
  • internal elastic lamina

Question 6

Question
What are known as capacitance vessels?
Answer
  • veins
  • arterioles
  • capillaries
  • large arteries

Question 7

Question
Which part of the capillary has the lowest filtration rate?
Answer
  • venous end
  • the filtration rate is the same throughout the capillary
  • arterial end

Question 8

Question
What is considered the pacemaker of the heart?
Answer
  • sinoatrial node
  • atrioventricular node
  • purkinje system
  • aortic valve

Question 9

Question
What is the correct order of conduction of the cardiac system?
Answer
  • SA node > atria > AV node > purkinje system > ventricular muscle
  • SA node > purkinje system > AV node > ventricular muscle > atria
  • AV node > atria > SA node > purkinje system > ventricular muscle
  • AV node > purkinje system > SA node > ventricular muscle > atria

Question 10

Question
What causes the "funny" current?
Answer
  • calcium using leaky channels to enter the cell
  • opening of potassium channels
  • sodium using leaky channels to enter the cell
  • opening of calcium channels

Question 11

Question
Once threshold is hit during a pacemaker action potential, which ion channels open?
Answer
  • calcium
  • potassium
  • sodium
  • both potassium and sodium

Question 12

Question
What is the electrochemical link that allows cardiac muscle to act as a functional syncytium?
Answer
  • gap junctions
  • desmosomes
  • high mitochondrial density
  • sarcomere

Question 13

Question
"Fast" type action potentials occur in which cardiac region?
Answer
  • pacemaker
  • ventricles

Question 14

Question
Which cardiac tissue has a shorter action potential duration?
Answer
  • pacemaker
  • ventricular tissue

Question 15

Question
AV valves are open during which stage(s) of the cardiac cycle?
Answer
  • ventricular diastole only
  • ventricular diastole and atrial systole
  • ventricular systole only
  • ventricular systole and atrial systole

Question 16

Question
What valves are open during the isovolumetric phase of the cardiac cycle?
Answer
  • both AV and semilunar valves
  • AV valves only
  • no valves are open
  • semilunar valves only

Question 17

Question
Overall, diastole makes up approximately what fraction of the cardiac cycle?
Answer
  • 2/3
  • 1/2
  • 1/4
  • 1/3

Question 18

Question
Aortic pressure is highest during
Answer
  • atrial systole
  • ventricular systole
  • isovolumetric phases
  • ventricular diastole

Question 19

Question
The dicrotic notch is caused by
Answer
  • the closure of the aortic valve
  • the closure of the pulmonary valve
  • the bulging of the AV valves
  • the closure of the AV valves

Question 20

Question
"Lub dub" is often used to describe the heart sounds of the cardiac cycle. What causes the "dub?"
Answer
  • closure of the AV valves
  • closure of the semilunar valves
  • the rapid movement of blood in the ventricles
  • opening of the AV valves

Question 21

Question
The QRS complex of an electrocardiogram refers to
Answer
  • atrial depolarisation
  • ventricular depolarisation
  • ventricular repolarisation
  • AV conduction time

Question 22

Question
Using an ECG, what defines a first degree AV block?
Answer
  • prolonged PR intervals
  • more P waves than QRS complexes
  • P waves and QRS complexes are complete dissociated

Question 23

Question
What would cause a decrease in heart rate?
Answer
  • increasing vagal tone
  • increasing sympathetic tone
  • decreasing vagal tone

Question 24

Question
An abnormally low heart rate is known as
Answer
  • bradycardia
  • tachycardia
  • normocardia
  • arrhythmia

Question 25

Question
What could cause a lowered ventricular ejection fraction?
Answer
  • increased stroke volume
  • decreased stroke volume
  • decreased end diastolic volume

Question 26

Question
Which would increase cardiac output?
Answer
  • beta-adrenoceptor agonist
  • muscarinic agonist
  • increased afterload
  • decreased preload

Question 27

Question
Preload is synonymous with
Answer
  • venous pressure
  • arterial pressure
  • peripheral resistance
  • arterial volume

Question 28

Question
The energy of contraction of a cardiac muscle fiber is proportional to the initial fiber length at rest. This is known as
Answer
  • bohr's law
  • starling's law
  • wolff's law
  • poiseuille's law

Question 29

Question
Which of the following is a short-term regulator of blood pressure?
Answer
  • baroreceptor regulation
  • renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
  • natriuretic peptides
  • vasopressin

Question 30

Question
What type of myocytes directly respond to both sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation?
Answer
  • atrial myocytes
  • ventricular myocytes
  • both atrial and ventricular myocytes

Question 31

Question
What type of innervation would result in decreased inotropy?
Answer
  • parasympathetic innervation
  • sympathetic innervation

Question 32

Question
Baroreceptors are located in which layer of the arterial wall?
Answer
  • tunica adventitia
  • tunica media
  • basal lamina
  • endothelium

Question 33

Question
Baroreceptors are located in the
Answer
  • aortic arch
  • carotid sinus
  • aortic arch and carotid sinus

Question 34

Question
How would a decrease in blood pressure affect baroreceptor firing?
Answer
  • baroreceptor firing would rapidly increase during the change in pressure but eventually stabilize at a slightly faster firing rate
  • there would be a brief halt in firing during the change in blood pressure with a lowered rate of firing after the change
  • baroreceptor firing would be unaffected
  • baroreceptor firing would rapidly increase during the change but eventually stabilize at a lowered firing rate

Question 35

Question
Changes in blood pressure are sensed by which part of the brain?
Answer
  • medulla oblongata
  • pons
  • cerebral cortex
  • hypothalamus

Question 36

Question
What would activate the renin-angiontensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
Answer
  • increased blood pressure
  • increased parasympathetic innervation
  • increased sympathetic innervation
  • decreased NaCl load

Question 37

Question
What regulates vasopressin release?
Answer
  • baroreceptors
  • atrial receptors
  • ventricular receptors
  • both baroreceptors and atrial receptors

Question 38

Question
What is NOT caused by natriuretic peptide release?
Answer
  • glomerular arteriole dilation
  • lowered TPR
  • inhibition of RAAS
  • increased blood volume

Question 39

Question
'Internal transfusion' occurs during
Answer
  • hypertension
  • hypovolaemia
  • hypervolaemia
  • increased sympathetic innervation

Question 40

Question
Which type of thrombosis has a large platelet component?
Answer
  • arterial thrombosis
  • venous thrombosis
  • all types of thromboses

Question 41

Question
What would inhibit platelet adhesion?
Answer
  • increased release of serotonin
  • increased thromboxane synthesis
  • increase in platelet cGMP
  • decrease in platelet cAMP

Question 42

Question
What is the enzymatic process in platelet adhesion involving the conversion of proenzymes to active enzymes?
Answer
  • coagulation cascade
  • haemostasis
  • contact activation
  • fibrinolysis

Question 43

Question
Which of the following is an endogenous anticoagulant?
Answer
  • thromboxane
  • ATIII
  • serotonin
  • ADP

Question 44

Question
Which of the following would inhibit coagulation?
Answer
  • increasing vitamin K synthesis
  • blocking ATIII synthesis
  • use of a calcium chelator
  • lowering platelet cAMP

Question 45

Question
Which drug acts independently of ATIII?
Answer
  • hirudin
  • heparin
  • LMW heparin

Question 46

Question
Which parasite can cause pulmonary thromboembolism in dogs?
Answer
  • Toxocara
  • Dirofilaria
  • Leishmania
  • Filaroides

Question 47

Question
Which lead is most commonly displayed on an ECG?
Answer
  • Lead I
  • Lead II
  • Lead III
  • Lead IV

Question 48

Question
Which pulse site is more sensitive to lowered blood pressure?
Answer
  • peripheral
  • central
  • there is no difference

Question 49

Question
While monitoring anesthesia for a patient during an orthopaedic procedure, you noticed the O2 saturation is at 99% while EtCO2 is 80 mmHg as well. Is the patient well ventilated? Which value would determine this?
Answer
  • No because of the high EtCO2
  • No because of the high O2
  • Yes because of the high O2
  • Yes because of the high EtCO2
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