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Biology 2420 Medical Microbiology Test 2

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Quiz on Biology 2420 Medical Microbiology Test 2, created by bconstance on 12/10/2014.
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Quiz by bconstance, updated more than 1 year ago
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Question 1

Question
In microbiology the term growth usually refers to an increase in
Answer
  • a microbe's size.
  • the number of microbial cells.
  • the amount of ATP produced.
  • the number and size of microbial cells.
  • the number and size of microbial cells and the amount of ATP produced.

Question 2

Question
A cell that uses an organic carbon source and obtains energy from light would be called a
Answer
  • photoheterotroph
  • lithoautotroph
  • photoautotroph
  • chemoheterotroph.
  • chemoautotroph

Question 3

Question
A(n) ______________ organism is one that requires oxygen for growth.
Answer
  • anaerobic
  • facultative anaerobic
  • aerotolerant
  • obligate aerobic
  • both aerotolerant and anaerobic

Question 4

Question
An aquatic microbe that can grow only at the surface of the water is probably which of the following?
Answer
  • a phototroph
  • a heterotroph
  • a chemotroph
  • a lithotroph
  • an anaerobe

Question 5

Question
Which of the following forms of oxygen is detoxified by the enzyme catalase?
Answer
  • singlet oxygen
  • hydroxyl radical
  • peroxide anion
  • superoxide radical
  • molecular oxygen

Question 6

Question
All of the following are used to protect organisms from the toxic by-products of oxygen EXCEPT
Answer
  • carotenoids.
  • superoxide dismutase
  • peroxidase
  • protease.
  • catalase.

Question 7

Question
A microbe that grows only at the bottom of a tube of thioglycollate is probably a(n)
Answer
  • obligate aerobe.
  • facultative anaerobe.
  • aerotolerant anaerobe.
  • microaerophile.
  • obligate anaerobe.

Question 8

Question
Nitrogen is growth limiting nutrient for many organisms because
Answer
  • it is necessary for the biosynthesis of amino acids
  • it is required for synthesis of nucleotides.
  • it is required for lipid synthesis.
  • only a small number of bacteria are able to extract it from the atmosphere.
  • only a few microbes can extract it from the atmosphere, but all organisms require it for amino acid and nucleotide synthesis.

Question 9

Question
Which of the following growth factors would NOT be required by microbes which do not utilize electron transport chains?
Answer
  • heme.
  • selenium.
  • NADH.
  • vitamins.
  • amino acids.

Question 10

Question
At temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature for an organism,
Answer
  • proteins are permanently denatured.
  • membranes become too fluid for proper function.
  • hydrogen bonds within molecules are broken.
  • hydrogen bonds are broken, and proteins are proteins are permanently denatured.
  • hydrogen bonds are broken, proteins are denatured, and membranes becomes too fluid.

Question 11

Question
Human pathogens are classified as
Answer
  • thermoduric.
  • thermophiles.
  • mesophiles.
  • hyperthermophiles.
  • psychrophiles.

Question 12

Question
The term barophile refers to which of the following growth requirements?
Answer
  • hydrostatic pressure
  • temperature
  • nitrogen source
  • pH
  • osmotic pressure

Question 13

Question
Which of the following organisms would be most likely to contaminate a jar of pickles?
Answer
  • a neutrophile
  • a thermophile
  • an acidophile
  • an obligate anaerobe
  • a mesophile

Question 14

Question
Organisms that can grow with or without oxygen present are
Answer
  • obligate aerobes.
  • facultative anaerobes.
  • aerotolerant anaerobes.
  • obligate anaerobes.
  • either facultative anaerobes or aerotolerant anaerobes.

Question 15

Question
A fastidious organism might be grown on which of the following types of media?
Answer
  • transport media
  • reducing media
  • enriched media
  • differential media
  • selective media

Question 16

Question
Obligate anaerobes may be cultured in the laboratory
Answer
  • in a reducing medium
  • in a candle
  • in standard Petri plates.
  • on blood agar plates
  • on blood agar plates in a candle jar.

Question 17

Question
Joan wants to discover a microbe capable of degrading an environmental contaminant. Which of the following refers to the process she should use?
Answer
  • chemostat
  • quorum sensing
  • enrichment culture
  • nitrogen fixation

Question 18

Question
A microbiologist inoculates a growth medium with 100 bacterial cells/ml. If the generation time of the species is 1 hour, and there is no lag phase, how long will it be before the culture contains more than 10,000 cells/ml?
Answer
  • 24 hours
  • 7 hours
  • 2 hours
  • 3 hours
  • 10 hours

Question 19

Question
An epidemiologist is investigating a new disease and observes what appear to be bacteria inside tissue cells in clinical samples from victims. The scientist wants to try to isolate the bacteria in the lab. What culture conditions are most likely to be successful?
Answer
  • culturing on blood agar plates
  • inoculation of EMB plates
  • incubation in a candle jar
  • inoculation of cell cultures
  • inoculation of a minimal medium broth

Question 20

Question
Which of the following measurement techniques would be useful to quantify a species of bacteria that is difficult to culture?
Answer
  • membrane filtration
  • viable plate counts
  • MPN
  • microscopic counts
  • metabolic activity

Question 21

Question
MacConkey agar plates represent __________ medium.
Answer
  • a minimal
  • a selective
  • a differential
  • both a differential and a selective
  • both a minimal and a selective

Question 22

Question
A Petroff-Hauser counting chamber is
Answer
  • a glass slide containing an etched grid for counting microbes directly using a microscope.
  • a device that counts cells as they interrupt an electrical current.
  • a device that measures the amount of light that passes through a culture.
  • an apparatus that traps bacterial cells on a membrane filter where they can be counted.
  • a device used to count numbers of bacterial colonies on a Petri plate.

Question 23

Question
Another term for the logarithmic growth of bacterial cells is
Answer
  • generation time.
  • exponential growth.
  • arithmetic growth.
  • absorbance.
  • binary fission.

Question 24

Question
A device that removes wastes and adds fresh medium to bacterial cultures in order to prolong the log phase of a culture is called a(n)
Answer
  • Coulter counter.
  • cytometer.
  • spectrophotometer.
  • pellicle.
  • chemostat.

Question 25

Question
A specimen of urine is determined to contain 30 bacterial cells per microliter. How many cells would be present in a milliliter?
Answer
  • 3
  • 300
  • 30,000
  • 3,000
  • 30 million

Question 26

Question
Which of the following is NOT a direct method for measuring the number of microbes in a sample?
Answer
  • viable plate counts
  • turbidity
  • Coulter counter
  • MPN
  • membrane filtration

Question 27

Question
During which growth phase are bacteria more susceptible to antimicrobial drugs?
Answer
  • lag phase
  • log phase
  • stationary phase
  • death phase
  • the susceptibility is the same for all phases

Question 28

Question
The use of salt and sugar in preserving various types of foods is an application of which of the following concepts?
Answer
  • nitrogen fixation
  • osmotic pressure
  • pH
  • hydrostatic pressure
  • quorum sensing

Question 29

Question
A clinical sample labeled as "sputum" was collected from
Answer
  • the skin.
  • the blood
  • the central nervous system.
  • a piece of tissue.
  • the lungs.

Question 30

Question
The method of obtaining isolated cultures that utilizes surface area to dilute specimens is called
Answer
  • the pour-plate technique.
  • serial dilution.
  • the streak-plate technique.
  • transport media.
  • enrichment culturing.

Question 31

Question
__________ are complex communities of various types of microbes that adhere to surfaces.
Answer
  • Aggregates
  • Colonies
  • Isolates
  • Biofilms
  • Media

Question 32

Question
A colony-forming unit is the number of cells
Answer
  • in a colony.
  • that produces one colony.
  • in a particular specimen.
  • that is in exponential phase in a culture.
  • that can be placed on a Petri plate.

Question 33

Question
All of the following ingredients might be found in complex media EXCEPT
Answer
  • hydrogen peroxide.
  • yeast extract.
  • blood
  • soy extract.
  • milk proteins.

Question 34

Question
Sodium thioglycollate is associated with which of the following types of media?
Answer
  • transport media
  • differential media
  • complex media
  • reducing media
  • selective media

Question 35

Question
Which of the following quantification techniques can distinguish living cells from dead cells in a culture?
Answer
  • microscopic counts
  • dry weight
  • metabolic activity
  • a Coulter counter
  • turbidity

Question 36

Question
During the __________ of growth, new cells are being produced at the same rate as other cells are dying.
Answer
  • lag phase
  • log phase
  • death phase
  • stationary phase
  • intermediate phase

Question 37

Question
During the __________ of growth, cells are dying faster than new cells are being produced.
Answer
  • death phase
  • lag phase
  • log phase
  • stationary phase
  • longitudinal phase

Question 38

Question
When cells are metabolically active but not dividing, they are in the
Answer
  • stationary phase.
  • log phase.
  • lag phase.
  • death phase.
  • exponential phase.

Question 39

Question
Metabolic activity is at maximum level in the __________ of growth.
Answer
  • lag phase
  • log phase
  • death phase
  • stationary phase
  • intermediate phase

Question 40

Question
Cells are rapidly growing and dividing during the __________ of growth.
Answer
  • death phase
  • lag phase
  • log phase
  • stationary phase
  • indeterminate phase

Question 41

Question
An organism that tolerates high __________ is called a halophile.
Answer
  • hydrostatic pressure
  • salt concentrations
  • pH
  • carbon dioxide levels
  • oxygen levels

Question 42

Question
A capnophile is a microorganism that thrives in conditions of high __________.
Answer
  • carbon dioxide levels
  • hydrostatic pressure
  • oxygen levels
  • pH
  • salt concentration

Question 43

Question
A microorganism found living under conditions of high __________ is a barophile.
Answer
  • pH values
  • oxygen concentrations
  • hydrostatic pressure
  • carbon dioxide levels
  • salt concentrations

Question 44

Question
Microaerophiles are microbes that grow best at low
Answer
  • carbon dioxide levels.
  • pH values
  • hydrostatic pressure.
  • oxygen levels.
  • salt concentrations.

Question 45

Question
An acidophile thrives under conditions of low
Answer
  • carbon dioxide levels.
  • salt concentrations.
  • oxygen levels.
  • hydrostatic pressure.
  • pH

Question 46

Question
All of the following are associated with nucleic acid structure EXCEPT
Answer
  • ribose
  • hydrogen bonds.
  • uracil
  • ionic bonds.
  • phosphate

Question 47

Question
Which of the following is found at the 5 end of a DNA strand?
Answer
  • a phosphate group
  • a hydrogen bond
  • a hydroxyl group
  • histones
  • a methyl group

Question 48

Question
The bacterial chromosome is
Answer
  • usually circular.
  • found in a nucleoid
  • found in a nucleus.
  • both circular and found in a nucleoid.
  • both circular and found in a nucleus.

Question 49

Question
Which of the following types of plasmids allows a bacterial cell to kill its competitors?
Answer
  • virulence factors
  • fertility factors
  • bacteriocin factors
  • resistance factors
  • cryptic plasmids

Question 50

Question
Which of the following is NOT involved the packaging of eukaryotic chromosomes?
Answer
  • nucleosomes
  • histones
  • heterochromatin
  • euchromatin
  • Okazaki fragments

Question 51

Question
Which of the following statements is true of bacterial plasmids?
Answer
  • They are found in the nucleoid.
  • They can replicate autonomously
  • They carry genes for essential metabolic functions.
  • They are small circular DNA molecules.
  • They are small circular DNA molecules that can replicate autonomously.

Question 52

Question
DNA helicases
Answer
  • break hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotides.
  • synthesize short DNA molecules important for the function of DNA polymerase.
  • seal gaps between DNA fragments.
  • proofread DNA molecules.
  • assist in recognition of promoters during transcription.

Question 53

Question
Which of the following statements concerning transcription in bacteria is FALSE?
Answer
  • It occurs in the nucleoid region.
  • Sigma factors are parts of RNA polymerase that recognize promoter regions.
  • The same RNA polymerase transcribes primer RNA, mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
  • Termination is either self-induced or due to the presence of Rho protein.
  • There are a variety of sigma factors that affect transcription.

Question 54

Question
Which of the following is involved in translation?
Answer
  • rRNA
  • tRNA
  • mRNA
  • both mRNA and tRNA
  • mRNA, rRNA and tRNA are all involved.

Question 55

Question
Which of the following is a characteristic shared by DNA and RNA polymerases?
Answer
  • efficiency of proofreading
  • type of nucleotides used
  • direction of polymerization
  • speed
  • dependence on helicase

Question 56

Question
Which of the following is the strongest base pair?
Answer
  • guanine-cytosine
  • adenine-uracil
  • adenine-thymine
  • guanine-thymine
  • both adenine-uracil and adenine-thymine

Question 57

Question
A codon is a particular combination of three nucleotides. Therefore, there are __________ possible combinations of the nucleotides A, C, G, and T.
Answer
  • 16
  • 4
  • 12
  • 64
  • 32

Question 58

Question
The AUG codon functions in coding for the amino acid methionine and as a
Answer
  • termination signal.
  • start signal
  • "wobble" codon.
  • marker for introns
  • recognition site for RNA polymerase

Question 59

Question
Which of the following must be removed from a eukaryotic mRNA molecule before it can be translated?
Answer
  • promoter
  • exon
  • intron
  • anticodon
  • codon

Question 60

Question
A charged tRNA first enters the ribosomal __________ site and then moves into the __________ site.
Answer
  • A, E
  • P, A
  • P, E
  • A, P
  • E, A

Question 61

Question
Which of the following statements regarding eukaryotic transcription is FALSE?
Answer
  • Transcription occurs in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts (if present).
  • Multiple transcription factors are required.
  • There are four different RNA polymerases.
  • Multiple elongation factors are required.
  • A guanine is added to the 3 end, and a poly-A tail is added to the 5 end of the mRNA transcript.

Question 62

Question
Semiconservative DNA replication means that
Answer
  • each daughter DNA molecule is composed of one original strand and one new strand.
  • nucleotides are constantly being recycled as cells make DNA.
  • the cell can proofread its newly synthesized DNA only part of the time.
  • the sequence of a DNA molecule is preserved as it is being replicated.
  • each strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule is replicated differently.

Question 63

Question
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Okazaki fragments?
Answer
  • They are checked for accuracy by DNA polymerase III.
  • They make up the lagging strand of replicated DNA.
  • They begin with an RNA primer.
  • They are joined together by DNA ligase.
  • They are longer in eukaryotic cells.

Question 64

Question
The proofreading function of DNA polymerase III results in an error rate of __________ during DNA replication.
Answer
  • 1 error in 1,000 bases
  • 1 error in 100,000 bases
  • 1 error in 1 million bases
  • 1 error in 10 million bases
  • 1 error in 10 billion bases

Question 65

Question
Which of the following processes is involved in the "central dogma" of genetics?
Answer
  • translation
  • transcription
  • DNA replication
  • transcription and translation
  • DNA replication and translation

Question 66

Question
Inducible operons
Answer
  • are active in the presence of a repressor
  • are generally anabolic pathways
  • are normally active
  • usually require an activator to be transcribed.
  • usually require a repressor to be transcribed.

Question 67

Question
Which of the following are considered to be frameshift mutations?
Answer
  • insertions
  • inversions
  • deletions
  • both inversion and insertion
  • both deletions and insertions

Question 68

Question
If the codon AAA is changed to AAG, it still codes for the amino acid lysine; this is an example of a
Answer
  • silent mutation
  • nonsense mutation
  • frameshift mutation
  • gross mutation
  • missense mutation

Question 69

Question
Which of the following causes mutations by creating thymine dimers?
Answer
  • nucleotide analogs
  • nitrous acid
  • ultraviolet light
  • benzopyrene
  • gamma rays

Question 70

Question
DNA damage caused by ethidium bromide results in __________ mutations.
Answer
  • insertion
  • substitution
  • deletion
  • both inversion and insertion
  • both insertion and deletion

Question 71

Question
Which of the following is a DNA repair enzyme activated by visible light?
Answer
  • transposase
  • DNA photolyase
  • bacteriocin
  • DNA ligase
  • primase

Question 72

Question
The Ames test proves that a chemical is
Answer
  • carcinogenic
  • carcinogenic in Salmonella
  • mutagenic in Salmonella
  • carcinogenic in humans
  • mutagenic in humans

Question 73

Question
The horizontal transfer process known as transduction
Answer
  • involves a virus
  • involves a pilus
  • requires a cell to be "competent"
  • requires a plasmid
  • involves a mutagen

Question 74

Question
Frederick Griffith discovered
Answer
  • transformation
  • transposons
  • the lac operon
  • DNA
  • conjugation

Question 75

Question
In conjugation, F+ cells
Answer
  • serve as recipient cells
  • contain an F plasmid
  • do not have conjugation pili
  • can transfer DNA only to other F+ cells
  • contain "jumping genes"

Question 76

Question
Another term for the palindromic sequence found at the ends of transposons is a(n)
Answer
  • complex
  • bacteriophage
  • insertion sequence
  • inverted repeat
  • transposase

Question 77

Question
Which of the following is characteristic of prokaryotic genomes but NOT eukaryotic genomes?
Answer
  • histones
  • circular chromosomes
  • linear chromosomes
  • enclosed in nuclear membrane
  • typically consist of a few to several chromosomes

Question 78

Question
Genes are active in a region of the eukaryotic chromosome called
Answer
  • heterochromatin
  • the histone
  • the nucleoid
  • the plasmid
  • euchromatin

Question 79

Question
The energy required for DNA replication comes from
Answer
  • DNA polymerase
  • triphosphate deoxyribonucleotides
  • DNA ligase
  • RNA primer
  • the leading strand

Question 80

Question
Which of the following is NOT involved in the regulation of the lac operon?
Answer
  • an inducer
  • a repressor protein
  • an iRNA
  • glucose
  • cyclic AMP

Question 81

Question
Genetic elements known as promoters are initiation points in the process of
Answer
  • DNA replication
  • transcription
  • translation
  • mutation repair
  • transformation

Question 82

Question
Codons are recognized during
Answer
  • translation
  • transcription
  • base excision
  • DNA replication
  • transduction

Question 83

Question
__________ is initiated at sequences called origins
Answer
  • DNA replication
  • translation
  • splicing
  • transcription
  • transposition

Question 84

Question
The process of __________ requires the activity of DNA ligase.
Answer
  • translation
  • capping
  • transcription
  • DNA replication
  • transduction

Question 85

Question
RNA polymerase is primarily responsible for
Answer
  • DNA replication
  • translation
  • transcription
  • transformation
  • polyadenylation

Question 86

Question
The process of __________ requires participation of tRNA molecules
Answer
  • DNA replication
  • capping
  • transduction
  • translation
  • dark repair

Question 87

Question
The process of __________ is initiated with the incorporation of fMet.
Answer
  • translation
  • transcription
  • capping
  • DNA replication
  • light repair

Question 88

Question
Initiation of __________ involves Sigma factor molecules.
Answer
  • DNA replication
  • translation
  • transcription
  • splicing
  • termination

Question 89

Question
The process of __________ is described as semiconservative.
Answer
  • translation
  • transcription
  • mismatch repair
  • transformation
  • DNA replication

Question 90

Question
During __________, the growing polymer is located in the P site.
Answer
  • polyadenylation
  • DNA replication
  • mismatch repair
  • transcription
  • translation

Question 91

Question
Standard methods of sterilization are not effective in inactivating
Answer
  • viruses
  • bacterial cells
  • prions
  • bacterial endospores
  • fungi

Question 92

Question
Which of the following statements is true of disinfectants?
Answer
  • Disinfectants are effective in destroying endospores.
  • Disinfectants are used on living tissue.
  • Disinfectants are used for sterilization
  • Disinfectants are used on inanimate surfaces.
  • Disinfectants are only effective for short periods of time (seconds to minutes).

Question 93

Question
Which of the following statements concerning microbial death is FALSE?
Answer
  • It can be used to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial agents.
  • It is constant over time of exposure to an antimicrobial agent.
  • It is the permanent loss of a microbe's reproductive ability.
  • It is the permanent loss of a microbe's ability to reproduce and can be used to evaluate antimicrobial agents
  • It is not an effective means of evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial agents.

Question 94

Question
Which of the following is an example of sanitization?
Answer
  • A public toilet is treated with disinfectants.
  • A surgeon washes her hands before surgery
  • Heat is used to kill potential pathogens in apple juice.
  • An autoclave is used to prepare nutrient agar.
  • A nurse prepares an injection site with an alcohol swab.

Question 95

Question
Aseptic means
Answer
  • sterile
  • free of all microbes
  • clean
  • sanitized
  • free of pathogens

Question 96

Question
Which of the following would NOT be bacteriostatic?
Answer
  • desiccation
  • freezing below 0 degrees Celsius
  • lyophilization
  • autoclaving
  • refrigeration of mesophiles

Question 97

Question
Antimicrobial agents that damage nucleic acids also affect
Answer
  • the cell wall
  • the cell membrane
  • the viral envelope
  • endospores
  • protein synthesis

Question 98

Question
Seventy percent alcohol is effective against
Answer
  • enveloped viruses
  • noneveloped viruses
  • bacterial endospores
  • protozoan cysts
  • prions

Question 99

Question
An instrument that will come into contact with only the skin of a patient should be disinfected with a(n)
Answer
  • high-level germicide
  • low-level germicide.
  • intermediate-level germicide.
  • degerming agent only.
  • germistatic agent only.

Question 100

Question
Which of the following is NOT an effective means of sterilization?
Answer
  • ionizing radiation
  • incineration
  • lyophilization
  • autoclaving
  • dry heat

Question 101

Question
Which of the following describes flash pasteurization?
Answer
  • heating at 63°C for 30 minutes
  • heating at 72°C for 15 seconds
  • heating at 72°C for 15 minutes
  • heating at 134°C for one second
  • passing liquid through steam at 140°C

Question 102

Question
The dairy creamer used in restaurants is usually sterilized by
Answer
  • filtration
  • ionizing radiation
  • lyophilization
  • UHT sterilization
  • autoclaving

Question 103

Question
Boiling water for 10 minutes is effective in ridding it of
Answer
  • actively growing bacteria
  • enveloped viruses
  • bacterial endospores
  • protozoan cysts
  • both growing bacteria and enveloped viruses

Question 104

Question
Which of the following is NOT a feature associated with filtration?
Answer
  • nitrocellulose or plastic membrane filters
  • sterilization of heat-sensitive materials
  • varying thicknesses of membrane filters used
  • use of HEPA filters to filter air
  • ability of some filters to trap viruses and proteins

Question 105

Question
Which of the following is a target of pasteurization?
Answer
  • Bacillus stearothermophilus
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Brucella melitensis

Question 106

Question
Which of the following types of radiation is nonionizing and has the shortest wavelength?
Answer
  • ultraviolet light
  • infrared radiation
  • microwaves
  • X rays
  • gamma rays

Question 107

Question
Which of the following is used for microbial control in fresh fruits and vegetables?
Answer
  • X rays
  • ultraviolet
  • electron beams
  • microwaves
  • gamma rays

Question 108

Question
Which of the following can be used to disinfect air?
Answer
  • HEPA filters
  • ethylene oxide
  • ultraviolet light
  • both HEPA and ultraviolet light
  • both ethylene oxide and ultraviolet light

Question 109

Question
Lysol is an example of which of the following groups of chemical antimicrobial agents?
Answer
  • halogens
  • phenolics
  • alcohols
  • aldehydes
  • surfactants

Question 110

Question
Which of the following is the most appropriate pairing of microbe and biosafety level?
Answer
  • E. coli, BSL-3
  • anthrax, BSL-1
  • Ebola, BSL-2
  • methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), BSL-2
  • tuberculosis, BSL-1

Question 111

Question
Betadine is an example of which of the following groups of antimicrobial agents?
Answer
  • alcohols
  • heavy metals
  • halogens
  • phenolics
  • surfactants

Question 112

Question
Which of the following statements about quaternary ammonium compounds is FALSE?
Answer
  • They are a type of detergent.
  • Zephiran is an example of a quat.
  • They are not effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • They function by cross-linking proteins.
  • They are harmless to humans except at high concentrations.

Question 113

Question
Which of the following is a sterilizing agent?
Answer
  • ozone
  • hydrogen peroxide
  • peracetic acid
  • dish soap
  • ozone and hydrogen peroxide

Question 114

Question
Which of the following was used in the past to prevent the transmission of gonorrhea from an infected mother to her newborn?
Answer
  • hydrogen peroxide
  • beta-propiolactone
  • thimerosal
  • hexachlorophene
  • silver nitrate

Question 115

Question
Which of the following is used to sterilize items that should not, or cannot, be exposed to heat or water?
Answer
  • ethylene oxide
  • formaldehyde
  • hydrogen peroxide
  • calcium hypochlorite
  • triclosan

Question 116

Question
Which of the following statements about aldehydes is FALSE?
Answer
  • They are used only to preserve dead tissues.
  • They denature proteins.
  • Some aldehydes can sterilize after long periods of exposure.
  • They are usually hazardous to humans.
  • They are used in aqueous solutions.

Question 117

Question
Disinfecting agents naturally produced by microorganisms are
Answer
  • aldehydes
  • antimicrobials.
  • halogens
  • quats
  • triclosans

Question 118

Question
A chemical agent that kills pathogenic microbes in general is a(n)
Answer
  • sanitizer
  • germicide
  • disinfectant
  • fungicide
  • antiseptic

Question 119

Question
Which of the following is NOT a desirable characteristic of an ideal antimicrobial agent?
Answer
  • It is inexpensive
  • It is stable during storage
  • It is harmless to humans
  • It only arrests grows of vegetative cells.
  • It acts quickly

Question 120

Question
The endospores of which of the following microbes are used to measure the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization?
Answer
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Bacillus stearothermophilus
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Mycobacterium bovis

Question 121

Question
A scientist develops a new medication that is a protein compound and that must be administered by injection. Which of the following would be the most effective and safest means of preparing a sterile solution of the new medication?
Answer
  • autoclaving
  • filtration
  • dilution with alcohol
  • lyophilization
  • ultraviolet irradiation

Question 122

Question
Which of the following procedures is currently the standard test used in the United States for evaluating the efficiency of antiseptics and disinfectants?
Answer
  • use-dilution test
  • microbial death rate
  • in-use test
  • thermal death point
  • phenol coefficient

Question 123

Question
Which of the following would be used to sterilize a mattress?
Answer
  • autoclaving
  • formaldehyde
  • ethylene oxide
  • heavy metals
  • radiation

Question 124

Question
Disinfectants that damage membranes include
Answer
  • alcohol
  • phenolics
  • iodine
  • hydrogen peroxide
  • both alcohol and phenolics

Question 125

Question
Which of the following antimicrobial agents is the most toxic to humans?
Answer
  • 70 % alcohol
  • ethylene oxide
  • quats
  • chloramines
  • iodophors

Question 126

Question
The process of filtration is a(n)
Answer
  • disinfectant method.
  • sterilizing method.
  • sanitization method.
  • antiseptic procedure.
  • ineffective method for removing microbes.

Question 127

Question
Hydrogen peroxide is a(n)
Answer
  • sterilizing agent.
  • disinfecting agent.
  • antiseptic.
  • disinfecting and sterilizing agent.
  • ineffective method of disinfecting.

Question 128

Question
The process of incineration is used for
Answer
  • sterilization
  • disinfection
  • sanitization
  • both disinfection and sanitization
  • degerming

Question 129

Question
Alcohols are used for
Answer
  • disinfection.
  • sterilization.
  • antisepsis.
  • both sterilization and disinfection.
  • both antisepsis and disinfection.

Question 130

Question
The chemical agents known as "quats" are used for
Answer
  • antisepsis
  • disinfection
  • sterilization
  • quantifying antimicrobial activity
  • neither antisepsis nor disinfection

Question 131

Question
The compound ethylene oxide is used in
Answer
  • sanitization.
  • sterilization.
  • antisepsis.
  • degerming.
  • disinfection.

Question 132

Question
Glutaraldehyde is used for
Answer
  • antisepsis.
  • disinfection.
  • sterilization
  • sanitization.
  • both disinfection and sterilization.

Question 133

Question
__________ may be achieved using chlorine dioxide.
Answer
  • Disinfection
  • Sterilization
  • Degerming
  • Antisepsis
  • Both antisepsis and degerming

Question 134

Question
Gamma irradiation is a process for
Answer
  • sterilization.
  • disinfection.
  • antisepsis.
  • degerming.
  • both antisepsis and disinfection.

Question 135

Question
__________ can be accomplished using boiling water.
Answer
  • Sanitization
  • Disinfection
  • Sterilization
  • Antisepsis
  • Both disinfection and sanitization

Question 136

Question
Obligate anaerobes have enzymes such as superoxide dismutase to protect them from the damaging effects of oxygen.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 137

Question
Nitrogen fixation is a process that occurs in all bacteria.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 138

Question
Thermoduric mesophiles are often responsible for spoilage of improperly canned foods.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 139

Question
An obligate halophile will burst if placed in freshwater.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 140

Question
The only effective way to store bacterial cultures for short periods of time is to arrest their metabolism by freezing.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 141

Question
Quorum sensing is a process by which bacteria respond to the density of other bacteria in their environment.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 142

Question
An obligate anaerobe can be cultured in a candle jar.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 143

Question
Agar is a useful compound in the microbiology lab because it is an excellent nutrient for bacteria.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 144

Question
A selective medium can be formulated either by including inhibitory chemical substances or by leaving out a single crucial nutrient.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 145

Question
In spectrophotometry, 40% light transmission is the same thing as 60% absorbance of light.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 146

Question
Prokaryotic cells are diploid.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 147

Question
Prokaryotes have one type of DNA polymerase, which is different from that of eukaryotes.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 148

Question
The most common type of mutation is a point mutation.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 149

Question
Most bacteria have a natural ability to take up DNA from their environment.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 150

Question
The structure of DNA explains both its ability to encode genetic information and the way in which it is copied during cell reproduction.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 151

Question
DNA, which is negatively charged, wraps around positively charged histones as part of the packaging of eukaryotic chromosomes.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 152

Question
Bidirectional replication means that each strand of a DNA molecule is replicated in the opposite direction from the other.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 153

Question
The phenotype of an organism reflects only part of its genotype.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 154

Question
In generalized transduction, viruses carry random DNA sequences from one cell to another.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 155

Question
DNA polymerase III participates in the dark repair mechanism of DNA mutation repair.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 156

Question
An environment may contain some microbes and still be considered sterile.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 157

Question
Some viruses are inactivated by the same chemical or physical agents that damage cytoplasmic membranes.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 158

Question
UV light has the most effect on protein structure.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 159

Question
Antimicrobial agents usually work best at high temperatures and pH levels.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 160

Question
The phenol coefficient is one of the most widely used measurements of an antimicrobial agent's effectiveness.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 161

Question
No chemical or antimicrobial agents inactivate prions.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 162

Question
The decimal reduction time is the time required to kill all the microbes in a given sample.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 163

Question
Slow freezing is more damaging to microbial cells than quick freezing.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 164

Question
Hydrogen peroxide is an effective antiseptic.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 165

Question
By themselves, soaps have only degerming activity, not antimicrobial activity.
Answer
  • True
  • False
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