Quiz
Ling Ch 2
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Questions in this quiz (45)
1Regarding language learning, [blank_start]acquisition[blank_end] refers to a natural process that occurs without conscious effort or any kind of direct teaching. [blank_start]Learning[blank_end] refers to the process like happens in school where we consciously take in information that is presented us in an conscious attempt to learn it.
- Aacquisition
- Brevision
- CLearning
2When children begin developing language, they begin by [blank_start]babbling[blank_end]. Soon they [blank_start]utter their first word[blank_end]. Not long after that they begin to produce [blank_start]two word sentences[blank_end]. And then soon after that they are making [blank_start]full sentences[blank_end].
- Ababbling
- Butter their first word
- Ctwo word sentences
- Dfull sentences
3Children exposed to two or more languages develop those languages following [blank_start]the same[blank_end] path as children learning one language.
- Athe same
- Ba difference
4Kids acquire the languages they are exposed to no matter who speaks those languages.
- ATrue
- BFalse
5Students who come to school speaking a language other than English should be called [blank_start]emergent bilinguals[blank_end] because this sounds more positive than the former term.
- Aemergent bilinguals
- BEnglish learners
6[blank_start]Imitation theory[blank_end] thought that children learn language by imitating adults and [blank_start]reinforcement theory[blank_end] thought they learn it by being reinforced for producing correct forms.
- AImitation theory
- Bamplication theory
- Creinforcement theory
7Children do not imitate others at all as they attempt to communicate.
- ATrue
- BFalse
8Which of these are the problems with imitation theory?
- AChildren produce many words and sentences that could not be the result of imitation.
- BIt does not explain why people can understand and produce new utterances.
- CIt says that children will speak the language(s) they're brought up around, not necessarily the language(s) of their biological ancestors.
9What were the problems with reinforcement theory?
- AMany things children say are not reinforced or corrected.
- BCaregivers typically respond to what the child is trying to say rather than their grammatical correctness.
- CIt said that behaviors that are reinforced tend to increase in frequency
10What did the behaviorism and structural linguistics say about language development?
- AThat language is shaped first by reinforcement of correct sounds up through more and more correct utterances.
- BThat language is learned like anything else.
- CThat humans have an innate ability for language.
- DThat imitation is a big part of how language is learned.
- EThat what children are learning is sentence patterns.
- FThat what children are learning is the rules of the language.
11What were the problems with the behaviorist view?
- AIt assumed the environment only acts on the individual when there is actually a two-way relationship.
- BChildren learn language pretty much the same way despite very different environments.
- COther beings are capable of imitation and reinforcement yet they don't learn language.
- DThe communication systems in animals are quite different from human language.
- EChildren go through a stage where they over-generalize language rules.
- FChildren learn language more quickly than most other things and with minimal language input.
- GCorrecting children's grammatical mistakes eventually fixes them.
- HChildren learn language much faster when exposed to lots of it and barely any at all when they hear less.
- IChildren don't fully acquire their first language without some direct teaching.
12This was the theory Chomsky developed because he wanted to explain how language is built off a small set of rules that can be used to make any sentence that is possible in that language.
- Agenerative grammar
- Bstructural linguistics
- Cbehaviorism
- Drepresentational grammar
13Humans continue to learn [blank_start]vocabulary[blank_end] throughout life but the basics of [blank_start]phonology[blank_end] and [blank_start]syntax[blank_end] are learned early n.
- Avocabulary
- Bphonology
- Csyntax
14In the beginning children rely on [blank_start]concepts[blank_end] to learn language and then later use [blank_start]language[blank_end] to learn new concepts.
- Aconcepts
- Blanguage
15Scientists stop studying children's language development after the [blank_start]two word[blank_end] stage because after that it's so rapid it's hard to even figure out what's going on.
- Atwo word
- Bthree word
- Cone word
16This is what you call it when adults adjust their language that they only do when talking to children (e.g. "Time to go bye-bye.")
- Amotherese
- Bsimplification
- Ctelegraphing
17At about [blank_start]eight months[blank_end] children's babbling starts to have consonants in it and then around [blank_start]one year[blank_end] they start to produce individual words.
- Aeight months
- Bten months
- C3 months
- Done year
- Eone and a half years
- Ften months
18As language develops from one word to two words and beyond, children are not learning so much how to express new ideas as they are to just express ideas in ways they are more easily understood.
- ATrue
- BFalse
19Very young children only include the key words in their sentences. What is this kind of speech called?
- Atelegraphic
- Btextgraphic
- Cabbreviation
20Children produce their first two word utterances around this age.
- Aeighteen months
- Bfourteen months
- Ctwo years
21When children start producing [blank_start]two word[blank_end] sentences they are starting to show an understanding of that language's syntax, or word order.
- Atwo word
- Bone word
22Around eighteen months a child's vocab starts to grow at a rare of [blank_start]two or more[blank_end] words per hour and that rare is maintained through adolescence.
- Atwo or more
- Bone or more
23Infants that were exposed to sign language instead of spoken language will go through [blank_start]the same[blank_end] stages as ones who got spoken.
- Athe same
- Bdifferent
24Using this technology, a scientist showed that a baby's brain changes in the same way when it is exposed to either spoken or sign language.
- Afunctional near infrared spectroscopy
- Bfunctional magnetic resonance imaging
- CPET scan
25The brain performs more poorly when it has been exposed to more than one language.
- ATrue
- BFalse
26Language is definitely only learned by special language-only cognitive processes and not any general ones.
- ATrue
- BFalse
27Currently we think that the ability to use language and the ability to think develop along related but independent paths.
- ATrue
- BFalse
28This is the knowledge of what to say to whom under what circumstances.
- Acommunicative comptence
- Bgrammatical competence
- Csocial interaction theory
29This is what we call the features of the text we are producing.
- Amode
- Btenor
- Cregister
- Dfield
30[blank_start]Social interaction theory[blank_end] holds that children and their language environment as a dynamic system where children [blank_start]cue[blank_end] the environment for the language they need.
- Asocial interaction theory
- Bstructural linguistics
- Cgenerative grammar
- Dcue
- Epassively react to
31The way parents speak to little children is different from how they speak to adults. It is [blank_start]slow[blank_end] and high pitched. There are many [blank_start]repetitions[blank_end]. Also the vocabulary and [blank_start]syntax[blank_end] are simplified.
- Aslow
- Brepetitions
- Csyntax
32If parents respond to children's language in this way it will enhance their language development.
- ATalking to them exactly the same as adults so they have a good model to copy from
- BHelping them articulate what they want to say and maybe even getting them to elaborate on it
- CConstantly correcting their pronunciation and grammar so they're never allowed to say anything wrong
33Different speech communities emphasize different linguistic competencies and teachers need to be aware of these strengths so they can use them when teaching.
- ATrue
- BFalse
34What are the two forces a teacher must keep in balance so they encourage children to try hard when producing language but also to make it understandable to others?
- Ainvention
- Bconvention
- Ctheme
- Drheme
35[blank_start]Universal Grammar[blank_end] says that what is innate about language is that we are born knowing certain things about grammar. However, the [blank_start]Active Construction of a Grammar theory[blank_end] says that what is actually innate is an ability to pick up on patterns.
- AUniversal Grammar
- Bsocial grammar
- CActive Construction of a Grammar theory
36Which of these were Lenneberg's criteria for a biologically controlled behavior?
- AThe behavior emerges before it is necessary.
- BThe behavior only emerges when prompted by the environment.
- CIts appearance is not the result of a conscious decision.
- DIts appearance is not triggered by external events (although they can make it better)
- EDirect teaching and intensive practice have little effect
- FThere is a regular sequence of milestones that everyone goes through
- GThere is likely to be a critical period during which the behavior must develop or it's too late
- HThe creature must not be a reptile, fish or bird.
37A [blank_start]pre[blank_end]position is a position word that comes before a noun and a [blank_start]post[blank_end]position is one that comes after.
- Apre
- Bpost
38[blank_start]Parameter setting[blank_end] is what Chomsky calls it when a kid's brain adjusts their universal grammar for the particular language at hand.
- AParameter setting
- BConfiguration
- CSetup
39When children make syntax errors they are almost never from overgeneralizing language rules.
- ATrue
- BFalse
40A lot of the mistakes children make in language is areas where language is unpredictable like with auxiliaries or irregular past tense in English.
- ATrue
- BFalse
41While there are probably trillions of ways to put words together incorrectly, there are very few of these combos that show up in children's errors.
- ATrue
- BFalse
42Virtually every aspect of language follows patterns.
- ATrue
- BFalse
43[blank_start]Connectionist theories[blank_end] say that language acquisition happens through the brain making new neural connections.
- AConnectionist theories
- BStructural theories
- CGenerative theories
44Connectionism says that associations are created and strengthened by [blank_start]statistical frequency[blank_end], which means the more often a word is associated with some real-world thing.
- Astatistical frequency
- Bcategorical frequency
- Cchance combinations
45Regarding language in the brain, there are probably both rules and associations between words and real-world things.
- ATrue
- BFalse
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- Description
- Linguistics Quiz on Ling Ch 2, created by Starry . on 09/10/2018.
- Author
- Starry .
- Language
- English
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