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PY2TA Vocabulary Development
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Questions in this quiz (23)
1How many words, on average, does a 6 year old know?
- A13,000
- B19,000
- C60,000
- D1,000
2Learning words involves a process of...
- Aknowing the physical concept of a word (e.g. a duck is a duck)
- Bmapping the phonological representation of a word onto the physical concept, and vice versa
- Cknowing the phonological representation of a work (e.g. duck is pronounced 'duck', not 'dack', or 'dick')
- Dmapping the phonological representation of a word onto the idea of what a word might mean.
3At what age does the 'vocabulary spurt' usually begin?
- A15months
- B24months
- C10months
- D18months
4Using a parental report checklist, Hamilton, Plunkett and Schafer (2000) came up with the Oxford Communicative Development Inventory.
They found that early word development is a fast process, with children acquiring 5-10 words a day.- ATrue
- BFalse
5Which of the following are proposed explanations of the vocabulary spurt?
- ASegmentation of Speech
- BThe Disambiguation Problem
- CCategorisation of Objects
- DSocial-Pragmatic Problem
- EConstraints on words meanings
- FWhole Object Principle
- GThe Naming Insight
6According to Plunkett (1993)'s study of 2 Danish children, the vocabulary spurt is due to...
- Aa decreased use of formulaic expressions leading to less chunking of syllables
- Bthe realisation that all things can and should have names
- Can increased use of sub-lexical forms and formulaic expressions
- Da 'eureka' moment, where children finally figure out correct segmentation of words.
7What are the three types of utterances infants make, according to Plunkett's (1993) study of 2 Danish children
- AWords, Target Lexemes and Adult-Like Targets
- BCount Nouns, Mass Nouns and Verbs
- CTarget Lexemes, Sublexical Forms and Formulaic Expressions
- DUndershooting Solutions, Overshooting Solutions and Categorical Conceptions
8Meints, Plunkett and Harris (1999) found that at 12mo children’s concepts only include typical referents. So if you show them a picture of a typical dog or car and ask them to look at the dog or car they will look at it.
- ATrue
- BFalse
9At what age do children being to identify abstract concepts as a member of the same category as regular concepts (e.g. a dog or a car)?
- A24months
- B18months
- C12months
- D16months
10What did Gopnik and Meltzoff (1987) find evidence for...
- Achildren using the sentence structure to assign a name to an object.
- Bexperience with language as an effect of mutual exclusivity in naming in infants
- Ca correlation between the age of the vocabulary spurt and the emergence of advanced object sorting (sorting a box of toys, dogs and cars, into separate piles)
- Dcross situational learning in 12 and 14 month old infants
- Achildren using the sentence structure to assign a name to an object.
11Dore et al (1976) and McShane (1979) argued that the vocabulary spurt reflect the strength of the child's phonological representations of a word.
- ATrue
- BFalse
12Kamhi (1986) claims that the naming insight is observable. This a reliable prediction.
- ATrue
- BFalse
13We cannot actually explain why children have a vocabulary spurt at 18 months of age.
- ATrue
- BFalse
14Four suggested solutions to Quinn's mapping/disambiguation problem are the syntactic bootstrap hypothesis, the social pragmatic problem, the associating learning approach and categorisation of objects.
- ATrue
- BFalse
15What is the syntactic bootstrapping hypothesis?
- AA suggested solution to Quinn's disambiguation problem, whereby children can use the sentence context to infer the meaning of the word.
- BA suggested solution to Quinn's disambiguation problem, whereby children can make assumptions about word names based on where the speaker is looking.
- CAn explanation of the vocabulary spurt stating that it occurs because of the realisation that all things can and should have names.
- DAn explanation of the vocabulary spurt stating that it occurs because of the development of correct segmentation of words in adult speech.
16Another suggested solution to Quinn's (1960) disambiguation problem is 'constraints on word's meaning'. This theory suggests that..
- AChildren would rather apply new words to a whole object, rather than part of an object.
- BChildren make assumption about the meaning of new words because they are equipped with a set of learning biases already.
- CWord learning occurs in situations of joint attention.
- DInfants can use the natural statistical covariation of words to discover their meaning.
- EChildren prefer to apply new words to objects that they do not yet have names for, than objects they already know the names of
17Mutual Exclusivity Bias has been suggested as an innate process.
- ATrue
- BFalse
18Houston-Price, Caloghiris and Raviglione (2012) investigated whether mutual exclusivity bias was due to infants experience of language throughout their early years. They found that
- AMonolingual children would look to unfamiliar pictures, not familiar pictures, when they heard an unknown word. Whereas bilingual children showed no difference.
- BBilingual children would look to unfamiliar pictures, not familiar pictures, when they heard an unknown word. Whereas monolingual children showed no difference.
- CBilingual and monolingual children would both look to unfamiliar pictures, not familiar pictures, when they heard an unknown word
- DBilingual and monolingual children would both showed no difference in looking at familiar and unfamiliar pictures when they heard an unknown word.
19According to the social-pragmatic problem, adults are more likely to name objects that...
- Athey are looking at.
- Bthat infants are looking at.
- Cthat other people are looking at.
- Dthat are on television.
20Baldwin (1993) found that even when we name an unfamiliar object we are holding, while they are playing with a second unfamiliar object, they will turn to look at what we are naming instead of inferring that we are naming the object they are holding.
- ATrue
- BFalse
21Which of the following are examples of how infants can use associative learning to discover the meaning of words?
- Athe object is presented when the word is being used.
- Bthe object is moving/interesting.
- Cthe object stands out more than other objects.
- Dthe object is a strange shape or colour.
- Ethe object appears with another similar object.
- Fthe object smells funny.
22Smith and Yu (2008) investigated the effect of associative learning by testing infants ability to learn word object pairs based on how they co-occurred across trials. They showed 30 different picture pairs, along with two words, and found that...
- A12 and 14 month olds had evidence of cross situational learning - they could successfully pick out which picture the word was referring to.
- B16-18 month olds do not show evidence of cross situational learning as they could successfully pick out which picture a word was referring to.
- C12 and 14 month olds failed the associative learning task.
- D12 month olds showed evidence of associative learning as they could pair the correct picture with the correct word.
23Associative learning is similar to the syllable statistics method of segmenting words from utterances.
- ATrue
- BFalse
Information
- Description
- ATW7 Typical and Atypical Development
- Author
- Phiz Berry-Fish
- Language
- English
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