Quiz
Physiology - Cardio Midterm
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Questions in this quiz (122)
1In a test subject, oxygen consumption was measured at 700 mL/min. Pulmonary artery oxygen content was 140 mL per liter of blood and brachial artery oxygen content was 140 mL per liter of blood. Cardiac output was which of the following?
- A4.2 L/min
- B7.0 L/min
- C10.0 L/min
- D12.6 L/min
- E30.0 L/min
2Which one of the following is the best index of preload?
- Ablood volume
- Bcentral venous pressure
- Cpulmonary capillary wedge pressure
- Dleft ventricular end-diastolic volume
- Eleft ventricular end-diastolic pressure
3Which one of the following is the best index of afterload?
- Aleft ventricular end-diastolic pressure
- Bleft ventricular mean systolic pressure
- Cpulmonary capillary wedge pressure
- Dtotal peripheral resistance
- Emean arterial blood pressure
4The highest blood flow per gram of left ventricular myocardium would occur
- Awhen aortic pressure is highest
- Bwhen left ventricular pressure is highest
- Cat the beginning of isovolumic contraction
- Dwhen aortic blood flow is highest
- Eat the beginning of diastole
5During ventricular ejection, the pressure difference smallest in magnitude is between the
- Apulmonary artery and left atrium
- Bright ventricle and right atrium
- Cleft ventricle and aorta
- Dleft ventricle and left atrium
- Eaorta and capillaries
6Which of the following would result from a regurgitant aortic valve in a nonfailing heart?
- Aa decrease in diastolic pressure
- Ba decrease in cardiac energy consumption
- Ca systolic murmur
- Da decrease in heart rate
- Ea decrease in systolic blood pressure
7Stroke volume is increased by
- Aa decrease in venous compliance
- Ban increase in afterload
- Ca decrease in contractility
- Dan increase in heart rate
- Ea decrease in coronary blood flow
8An increased preload would most likely be caused by an increase in
- Aarterial tone
- Bvenous tone
- Cmyocardial contractility
- Dheart rate
- Ecapillary permeability
9Propagation of the action potential through the heart is fastest in the
- ASA node
- Batrial muscle
- CAV node
- DPurkinje fibers
- Eventricular muscle
10A patient in heart failure improves markedly after using a drug that increases the inotropic state of her heart. Which of the following changes is primarily responsible for the improvement in her condition?
- Aa reduction in heart rate
- Ba reduction in heart size
- Can increase in end-diastolic pressure
- Dan increase in wall thickness
- Ean increase in cardiac excitability
11Closure of the aortic valve occurs at the onset of which phase of the cardiac cycle>
- Aisovolumetric contraction
- Brapid ejection
- Cprotodiastole
- Disovolumetric relaxation
- Erapid filling
12If the QRS complex is positive in leads II and aVF and negative in lead III, the mean electrical axis (MEA) is between
- A-30º and 0º
- B0º and +30º
- C+30º and +60º
- D+60º and +90º
- E+90º and +120º
13Which one of the following is most likely to be observed in a patient with untreated atrial fibrillation?
- Aan increased venous A wave
- Ban increased left atrial pressure
- Ca decreased heart rate
- Dan increased stroke volume
- Ean increased arterial blood pressure
14Normal splitting of the second heart sound (S2) into two components is increased during inspiration because
- Athe closing of the aortic valve is delayed
- Bthe opening of the mitral valve is delayed
- Cthe closing of the pulmonic valve is delayed
- Dthe stroke volume of the left ventricle is increased
- Ethe heart rate is decreased
15Which of the following statements about the third heart sound (S3) is correct?
- Ait is usually diminished in congestive heart failure
- Bit is produced by turbulence during rapid ventricular filling in early diastole
- Cit is produced by turbulence following atrial contraction
- Dit is often associated with the "floppy" mitral valve syndrome
- Eit is produced by flow through the patent foramen ovale
16In a resting, healthy man, the ejection fraction is approximately?
- A0.1
- B0.2
- C0.3
- D0.6
- E0.9
17Sustained elevation of cardiac output will occur with which of the following conditions?
- Ahypertension
- Baortic regurgitation
- Canemia
- Dthird-degree heart block
- Ecardiac tamponade
18A diastolic murmur accompanied by an increased preload can be caused by
- Amitral stenosis
- Bmitral regurgitation
- Catherosclerosis
- Daortic regurgitation
- Etachycardia
19Increasing vagal stimulation of the heart will cause an increase in
- Aheart rate
- BPR interval
- Cventricular contractility
- Dejection fraction
- Ecardiac output
20During exercise, there is an increase in a person's
- Astroke volume
- Bdiastolic pressure
- Cvenous compliance
- Dpulmonary arterial resistance
- Etotal peripheral resistance
21Phase-4 depolarization of SA nodal cells is caused by
- Aan increase in the flow of sodium into the cell
- Ba decrease in the flow of potassium out of the cell
- Can increase in the activity of the Na/Ca exchanger
- Da decrease in the flow of chloride out of the cell
- Ea decrease in the activity of the Na-K pump
22Cardiovascular changes that occur during inspiration include decreased
- Aright ventricular filling
- Bright ventricular output
- Cpressure gradient from extrathoracic veins to the right atrium
- Dsystemic blood pressure
- Eleft ventricular contractility
23Blood pressure increases and heart rate decreases in response to
- Aexercise
- Bincreased body temperature
- Cexposure to high altitude
- Dincreased intracranial pressure
- Ehemorrhage
24During exercise, cardiac output is augmented by
- Asympathetic stimulation of resistance vessels
- Bdilation of venous vessels
- Cdecreased end-diastolic volume
- Ddecreased mean systemic arterial pressure
- Eincreased ventricular contractility
25When flow through the mitral valve is restricted by mitral stenosis
- Aexercise can induce acute pulmonary edema
- Bleft ventricular preload increases
- Cleft atrial pressure diminishes
- Dright ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreases
- Ecentral venous pressure decreases
26Stroke volume can be decreased by
- Aincreasing ventricular contractility
- Bincreasing heart rate
- Cincreasing central venous pressure
- Ddecreasing total peripheral resistance
- Edecreasing systemic blood pressure
27An ectopic extrasystole caused by a ventricular focus is characterized by
- Ainterruption of the regular SA node discharge
- Bretrograde conduction of the action potential to the atria
- Ca skipped ventricular contraction
- Da skipped atrial contraction
- Ea larger than normal force of contraction
28The electrocardiogram is most effective in detecting a decrease in
- Aventricular contractility
- Bmean blood pressure
- Ctotal peripheral resistance
- Dejection fraction
- Ecoronary blood flow
29Stroke volume can be increased by
- Adecreasing ventricular compliance
- Bincreasing venous compliance
- Cdecreasing total peripheral resistance
- Dincreasing heart rate
- Edecreasing atrial contractility
30Which one of the following will be observed in a patient with dilated failing left ventricle and a normal resting mean blood pressure?
- Aa decreased heart rate
- Ba decreased left ventricular wall stress
- Can increased left ventricular ejection fraction
- Da decreased left ventricular energy consumption
- Ean increased pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
31Which one of the following correctly describes an event that normally occurs during the PR interval?
- Athe ventricle is contracting
- Bthe cardiac action potential passes through the AV node
- Cthere is no change in the voltage tracing on the ECG
- Dthe mitral and aortic valves are both closed
- Ethe second heart sound is heard
32Left ventricular wall stress will be decreased by an increase in
- Athe left ventricular end-diastolic volume
- Bthe contractility of the left atrium
- Cthe thickness of the free wall of the left ventricle
- Dthe total peripheral resistance
- Ethe mean arterial blood pressure
33Which one of the following will be observed in a patient with aortic regurgitation?
- Aan increased ejection fraction
- Ban increased mean blood pressure
- Can increased diastolic blood pressure
- Da decreased pulse pressure
- Ea decreased left atrial end-diastolic pressure
34The diagnosis of a first-degree heart block is made if
- Athe PR interval of the ECG is increased
- Bthe P wave of the ECG is never followed by a QRS complex
- Cthe P wave of the ECG is sometimes followed by a QRS complex
- Dthe T wave of the ECG is inverted
- Ethe ST segment of the ECG is elevated
35Positive inotropic drugs such as digitalis reduce ischemic cardiac pain (angina) in a dilated failing heart by
- Adecreasing preload
- Bincreasing diastolic filling time
- Cdecreasing total peripheral resistance
- Dincreasing heart rate
- Eincreasing coronary blood flow
36Mitral prolapse is a common cause of mitral regurgitation in young women. Which one of the following is observed in a patient with mitral prolapse?
- Aa diastolic murmur
- Ba decrease in left ventricular volume
- Ca normal stroke volume
- Dan increase in the V wave
- Ea decrease in cardiac output
37A major sign of cardiac tamponade is
- Ahypertension
- Bbradycardia
- Cventricular dilation
- Dpulsus paradoxus
- Ethird-degree heart block
38The upstroke of the SA nodal action potential is produced by opening a channel that is
- Aprimarily permeable to Na+
- Bprimarily permeable to Ca2+
- Cprimarily permeable to K+
- Dprimarily permeable to Cl-
- Eequally permeable to Na+ and K+
39The channel responsible for the initiation of phase-4 depolarization in SA nodal cells
- Ais primarily permeable to Na+
- Bis opened by membrane depolarization
- Cis opened by vagal nerve stimulation
- Dis primarily permeable to K+
- Eis closed by norepinephrine
40Sympathetic stimulation of the heart results in
- Aan increase in the activity of the SR calcium pump
- Ban increase in the duration of systole
- Can increase in the duration of diastole
- Da decrease in the affinity of troponin for calcium
- Ea decrease in the concentration of Ca2+ during systole
41An exercise stress test to rule out ischemic heart disease is positive if
- Athe systolic blood pressure rises
- Bthe ST segment of the ECG is depressed
- Cthe heart rate fails to increase
- Da diastolic murmur is heard
- Ethe diastolic blood pressure decreases
42Which ion(s) is/are responsible for connecting the electrical and mechanical activity of the heart?
- ANa+
- BK+
- CCa2+
- DCl-
- EAll of the above
43Which ion(s) is/are responsible for the resting membrane potential of the cardiomyocyte?
- ANa+
- BK+
- CCa2+
- DNone of the above
- EAll of the above
44Which phase of the action potential in the SA node is responsible for the heart rate?
- APhase 3
- BPhase 0
- CPhase 4
- DPhase 1
- EPhase 2
45What is correct regarding contractility of the heart?
- AThe contractility of the heart is directly proportional to the concentration of Ca2+
- BThe contractility of the heart is unaffected by Ca2+
- CThe contractility of the heart is inversely proportional to the concentration of Ca2+
- DContractility is the only factor affecting stroke volume
- EA and D are correct
46What is the correct sequence of conduction of electrical activity in the heart?
- ASA node -> His bundle -> internodal tracts -> AV node -> bundle branches -> Purkinje fibers
- BSA node -> internodal tracts -> AV node -> His bundle -> Purkinje fibers -> bundle branches
- CSA node -> internodal tracts -> AV node -> His bundle -> bundle branches -> Purkinje fibers
- DSA node -> bundle branches -> AV node -> internodal tracts -> His bundle -> Purkinje fibers
- ESA node -> AV node -> His bundle -> bundle branches -> Purkinje fibers
47During normal conduction of electrical activity in the heart, how long is the physiological delay in the AV node?
- A50 ms
- B70 ms
- C100 ms
- D110 ms
- ENone of the above
48Select the correct statement regarding making waves in ECG
- AA wave of depolarization moving away from an electrode gives a positive deflection
- BA wave of repolarization moving towards an electrode gives a negative deflection
- CA wave of depolarization moving away from an electrode gives a negative deflection
- DA wave of repolarization moving towards an electrode gives a positive deflection
- EB and C are correct
49Pair the correct electrical event and phase of the cardiac cycle
- AAtrial depolarization - late diastole
- BVentricular depolarization - early systole
- CAtrial repolarization - early diastole
- DA and B are correct
- EAll of the above
50ECG is an important tool in clinical medicine. What does the ECG record?
- Acardiac output
- Baction potentials
- Cdepolarization and repolarization
- DB and C are correct
- Eall of the above
51What is the correct sequence of electrical events in the heart?
- AAtrial depolarization -> conduction through AV node -> ventricular depolarization + atrial repolarization -> ventricular repolarization
- BConduction through the AV node -> atrial depolarization -> ventricular depolarization -> atrial repolarization -> ventricular repolarization
- CAtrial depolarization -> conduction through AV node -> ventricular depolarization -> ventricular repolarization -> atrial repolarization
- DA and C are correct
- Enone of the above
52What are the three most important variables affecting the stroke volume of the heart?
- AContractility, preload, and afterload
- BContractility, heart rate, and stroke volume
- CContractility, preload, and heart rate
- DPreload, venous return, and cardiac output
53Choose the correct statement regarding the definition of cardiac output
- AIt is the volume of blood ejected by the right ventricle per minute
- BIt is the volume of blood ejected by the right ventricle per beat
- CIt is the volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle per beat
- DIt is the volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle per minute
54The trigger Ca2+ enters the myocardial cell during which phase of the cardiac action potential?
- AThe upstroke phase
- BThe plateau phase
- CDuring the relative refractory period
- DDuring repolarization
55Select the correct statement(s) regarding contractility
- AIt is also known as inotropism
- BIt is inversely proportional to the intracellular Ca2+ concentration
- CChanges in contractility does not necessarily affect the ejection fraction
- DIncreased contractility leads to increased rate of pressure development, increased peak left ventricular pressure and decreased rate of relaxation
- EAll of the above
- FA, C, D are correct
56During excitation-contraction coupling, a wave of depolarization spreads to the interior of the cell membrane via [blank_start]t-tubules[blank_end].
- At-tubules
57During the plateau phase of the cardiac action potential, [blank_start]trigger[blank_end] Ca2+ enters the myocardial cell via [blank_start]L-type[blank_end] Ca2+ channels, also known as [blank_start]dyhydropyridine[blank_end] receptors.
- Atrigger
- BL-type
- Cdyhydropyridine
58The calcium which enters the myocardial cell activates [blank_start]ryanodine[blank_end] receptors on the [blank_start]sarcoplasmic reticulum[blank_end]. This process is also known as [blank_start]Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release[blank_end]. [blank_start]Tropomyosin[blank_end] inhibition on myosin will be removed when [blank_start]Ca2+[blank_end] binds to [blank_start]troponin C[blank_end]. Myosin and actin can now bind and form [blank_start]cross-bridges[blank_end], leading to contraction.
- Aryanodine
- Bsarcoplasmic reticulum
- CCa2+ induced Ca2+ release
- DTropomyosin
- ECa2+
- Ftroponin C
- Gcross-bridges
59Select the correct statement(s) regarding preload.
- AIt is affected by the tone of capacitance vessels
- BIt is determined by the amount of blood in the left ventricle after diastole
- CDilation of veins will decrease preload
- DBlood volume and venous tone are variables which may affect the level of preload
- EAll of the above
60Select the correct statement(s) regarding the Frank-Starling law.
- ADescribes the relationship between the end-diastolic volume and stroke volume
- BIncreased EDV will lead to stretch of the sarcomere towards optimum actin-myosin overlap and therefore increased stroke volume
- CIncreased EDV will lead to increased sympathetic stimulation and therefore increased stroke volume
- DA and B are correct
61Compare the systolic performance of heart A and heart B. What is the explanation for the decreased cardiac output in heart B, when the preload of both hearts is the same?
Heart A
Cardiac Output: 5L/min
Preload: 120mL
Heart B
Cardiac Output: 3L/min
Preload: 120mL- AThis is normal variation between the heart of a woman and the heart of a man
- BThe contractility of heart A is better than the contractility of heart B
- CThe contractility of heart B is poor and the Frank-Starling curve of heart B will be shifted to the right
- DThe contractility of heart B is poor and the Frank-Starling curve of heart B will be shifted to the left
- EA, B, and C are correct
- FB and C are correct
62The workload on the heart during contraction will increase with which of the following?
- Aafterload
- Baortic pressure
- Cthe total peripheral resistance
- DA and B
- Eall of the above
63Starting from systole, place the difference phases of the cardiac cycle into the correct order.
1. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation, 2. Isovolumetric ventricular contraction, 3. Ventricular filling (passive phase), 4. Ventricular ejection, 5. Ventricular filling (active phase)- A2-4-1-5-3
- B1-3-5-2-4
- C2-4-1-3-5
- D1-2-3-4-5
64The mitral valve closes:
- ADuring ventricular ejection
- BDuring isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
- CImmediately after the passive phase of ventricular filling
- DDuring isovolumetric ventricular contraction
65Choose the correct statement regarding the opening of the aortic valve
- AThe aortic valve opens because the aortic pressure is higher than the left ventricular pressure
- BThe aortic valve opens during isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
- CThe aortic valve opens during the ejection phase of the cardiac cycle because the pressure generated by the left ventricle exceeds pressure in the aorta
- DThe aortic valve opens during isovolumetric contraction at the point where the pressure generated by the left ventricle exceeds pressure in the aorta
66Choose the correct statement(s) regarding the close of the mitral valve
- AThe mitral valve closes because the pressure in the left ventricle is higher than the pressure in the left atrium
- BIt produces the first heart sound
- CIn order for the mitral valve to close, the pressure in the left atrium has to be higher than the pressure in the left ventricle
- DA and B are correct
67Physiological splitting of the 2nd heart sound can be explained by which of the following?
- ADelayed closure of the tricuspid valve
- BDuring inspiration, there is an increase in cardiac output which causes a more forceful contraction of the left ventricle and the aortic valve will close before the pulmonary valve
- CDuring inspiration, there is an increase in blood volume returning to the right ventricle. The resulting increase in blood volume will prolong the ejection time of the right ventricle and the closure of the pulmonary valve will be delayed
- DIt occurs as a result of expiration
68The QRS complex represents:
- Aatrial contraction
- Bventricular repolarization
- Cventricular ejection
- Disovolumetric ventricular contraction
69The first heart sound (S1) is produced by?
- Aopening of the mitral valve
- Bclosure of the aortic valve
- Cclosure of the mitral valve
- Dclosure of the tricuspid valve
- EC and D are correct
70Select the correct statement(s) regarding normal blood flow
- AArteries always contain more O2 than veins
- BSVC returns blood from the head, neck, upper extremities, and abdomen
- CMixed venous blood is a collection of blood from the SVC and IVC
- DA and C are correct
- EAll of the above
71Select the correct sequence(s) of blood flow in the systemic and pulmonary cicrculations
- APulmonary capillaries -> pulmonary arteries -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta
- BArterioles -> systemic capillaries -> venules -> veins -> vena cava
- CRight atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary veins -> pulmonary capillaries -> pulmonary arteries
- Dall of the above
- Enone of the above
72Why is blood flow equal on the pulmonary and systemic circulation?
- AThe pulmonary and systemic circulations are coupled in series
- BThe resistance is higher in the pulmonary circulation compared with the systemic circulation
- CThe pulmonary and systemic circulation are coupled in parallel
- DA and B are correct
- ENone of the above
73Why does right ventricular failure lead to peripheral edema?
- AIncreased pressure in the right atrium
- BPooling of blood in the veins
- CIncreased hydrostatic pressure in the arteries
- DA and B are correct
- EAll of the above
74Select the correct statement(s) regarding vessels
- AThe speed of blood flow in the veins is the lowest because they contain the smallest pressure
- BVasoconstriction of veins leads to increased blood flow
- CThe degree of elastic tissue and smooth muscle affects the compliance of arteries and veins
- DB and C are correct
- EAll of the above
75Select the correct statement(s) regarding hemodynamic concepts
- ACross sectional area depends indirectly on the size of the vessels
- BIncreased viscosity leads to decreased risk of thrombosis
- CArterioles are the vessels with the highest resistance
- DA and C are correct
- ENone of the above
76Select the false statement(s) regarding hemodynamic concepts
- AThe major factor determining resistance is the radius
- BLaminar flow does not occur in the heart
- CTurbulent flow may create bruits in the heart and murmurs in the vessels
- DAtherosclerosis increases the Reynolds number of a given vessel
- EC and D are false
77A man presents with symptoms and signs of myocardial infarction. Imaging reveals a 50% obstruction of the left coronary artery. Based on the degree of obstruction, what would be the increase in resistance of the same artery.
- A6 fold increase
- B8 fold increase
- C16 fold increase
- Dimpossible to calculate
- Enone of the above
78Select the correct statement regarding compliance and elasticity
- AElasticity is determined by the amount of smooth muscle
- BThe fundamental characteristic of a compliant vessel is to expand with a large increase in pressure
- CElasticity decreases with age
- DCompliance decreases with age
- EB and C are correct
79Select the correct statement regarding distribution of blood volume
- ASystemic veins contain the largest amount of blood, because they have the highest elasticity
- BAround 40% of the blood volume, at any given moment, is present in the systemic veins
- CThe systemic veins, along with the pulmonary system, constitute the biggest reservoir of blood
- DAll of the above
- ENone of the above
80Select the correct statement regarding distribution of vascular resistance
- AThe arterioles have the highest pressure drop in the systemic circulation, because they have the highest resistance
- BAbundance of smooth muscle is characteristic of resistant vessels
- CBesides arterioles, the capillaries are the most important factor contributing to vascular resistance
- DA and C are correct
- EAll of the above
81Select the correct statement regarding regulation of flow
- AExtrinsic regulation involves the nervous system
- BDuring exercise, there is no change in the cerebral circulation
- CIn a resting individual, the alpha-1 receptors are more activated than the beta-2 receptors in the arteries of skeletal muscle
- DB and C are correct
- ENone of the above
82Which of the following will increase the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle per beat?
- AIncreased HR
- BIncreased afterload
- Cincreased TPR
- DIncreased venous tone
83Beta-1 stimulation results in?
- AIncreased sodium and water retention by the kidney
- BIncreased stroke volume
- CIncreased cardiac output
- DAll of the above
84The ANS elicits an [blank_start]immediate[blank_end] effect on BP and is responsible for [blank_start]short-term[blank_end] regulation of blood pressure. Hormones, especially the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system, elicits a [blank_start]delayed[blank_end] effect on BP and is responsible for [blank_start]long-term[blank_end] regulation of BP.
- Aimmediate
- Bshort-term
- Cdelayed
- Dlong-term
85The PNS aims to [blank_start]decrease[blank_end] the blood pressure via the stimulation of [blank_start]muscarinic[blank_end] receptors. The SNS aims to [blank_start]increase[blank_end] the blood pressure via the stimulation of [blank_start]adrenergic[blank_end] receptors.
- Adecrease
- Bmuscarinic
- Cincrease
- Dadrenergic
86Concerning the baroreceptors, which cranial nerve is responsible for carrying information from the carotid sinus to the brain?
- AGlossopharyngeal
- BVagus
- CHypoglossal
- DTrigeminal
87What are the effects of increased baroreceptor discharge rate?
- AInhibition of the PNS and stimulation of the SNS
- BInhibition of the SNS and stimulation of the PNS
- CIncreased contractility, increased total peripheral resistance and increased venous return
- DA, D, and C are correct
- EA and D are correct
88Select the correct statement regarding carotid massage
- AIt can slow the rate of conduction through the AV node and subsequently decrease the heart rate
- BPressure is applied on the carotid sinus for 10 seconds. The firing rate from the glossopharyngeal nerve will increase, and the SNS will be stimulated in order to increase blood pressure
- CPressure is applied on the carotid sinus for 10 seconds. The firing rate from the glossopharyngeal nerve will increase, and the PNS will be stimulated in order to decrease blood pressure
- DA and B are correct
- EA and C are correct
89Alpha-1 stimulation results in
- AIncreased TPR
- BIncreased cardiac output
- CIncreased preload
- DA and C are correct
- EAll of the above
90Select the correct sequence of WBC from highest to lowest, based on the percentage of abundance in the whole blood.
- ANeutrophils > lymphocytes > eosinophils > monocytes > basophils
- BLymphocytes > neutrophils > monocytes > eosinophils > basophils
- CLymphocytes > neutrophils > eosinophils > monocytes > basophils
- DNeutrophils > Lymphocytes > monocytes > eosinophils > basophils
- ENone of the above
91Select the correct sequence of all blood elements from highest to lowest, based on the percentage of abundance in the whole blood.
- ARBC > water > platelets > proteins > WBC > other elements
- BWater > RBC > proteins > platelets > other elements > WBC
- CRBC > water > proteins > platelets > WBC > other elements
- DNone of the above
92Select the correct statement regarding all blood cells
- AGranulocytes do not divide after entering peripheral blood because they have no nucleus
- BNeutrophils are the most important defense against intracellular bacteria
- CBasophils are more important than eosinophils in protection against parasites
- DNatural killer cells originate from a myeloid progenitor.
- Enone of the above
93Select the correct statement regarding the ABO-system
- AThe type of antibodies determines the blood type
- BAntigens are present against the blood type you do not have
- CSensitization has to occur before the production of specific antibodies
- DIn an emergency setting, it is justifiable to transfuse the blood type of AB to a patient with blood type A
- ENone of the above
94Select the correct statement regarding the Rh-system
- AThe Rh status is determined by the presence or absence of expression of the Rh-D antigen
- BMajority of individuals are Rh-
- CSensitization does not have to occur
- DMother-fetal Rh incompatibility typically occurs after the first pregnancy
- EA and D are correct
95Based on your knowledge of the ABO and Rh systems, how many different blood types can we get by combining the two systems?
- A6
- B8
- C16
- DIt depends on the gender
- ENone of the above
96What is correct regarding maternal-fetal Rh incompatibility?
- AIgM antibodies may cross the placenta
- BIn the majority of cases, fetal hemolysis occurs during the second pregnancy
- CIgM antibodies are smaller than IgG antibodies
- DThe best treatment is prevention
- ENone of the above
97What is/are the correct statement(s) regarding Rh-D immunoglobulins (Rhogam) in the prevention of maternal-fetal Rh incompatibility?
- AThey prevent the process of sensitization in the mother
- BUsually injected into the mother and the newborn
- CIt is given during the 2nd pregnancy with the Rh+ fetus
- DNone of the above
- EAll of the above
98Which vitamin is essential for coagulation?
- AVitamin A
- BVitamin B
- CVitamin K
- DVitamin E
99Select the correct statement concerning primary hemostasis
- AIt involves the formation of fibrin through the coagulation cascade
- BFibrin is broken down into fibrin degradation products
- CPlatelets adhere to the vascular wall and form a platelet plug
- DPlatelets adhere to the vascular wall and form a stable platelet plug
100The extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade is activated by
- ATissue thromboplastin
- BCa2+
- Csubendothelial collagen
- DHageman factor
101Which of the following anticlotting proteins inhibits factor 8 and 5 of the coagulation cascade?
- Aantithrombin
- Bplasmin
- Ct-PA
- DProtein C and Protein S
102Select the correct statement concerning fibrinolysis
- AThe unstable blood clot is degraded
- BInsoluble (cross-linked) fibrin is degraded into fibrin degradation products
- CSoluble (non cross linked) fibrin is degraded into fibrin degradation products
- DProtein S and C inactivates t-PA which convert plasminogen into plasmin
103Which coagulation factors are vitamin K dependent?
- A10, 9, 7, 2
- B10, 8, 7, 2
- C10, 2, 1
- DAll factors of the intrinsic pathway
104Which pathway of the coagulation cascade is inhibited by warfarin?
- Athe intrinsic pathway
- Bthe extrinsic pathway
- Cboth intrinsic and extrinsic pathways
- DFibrinolysis is inhibited by warfarin
105A patient with end-stage liver failure will most likely be deficient in which of the following factors?
- A7,9,10,11
- B2,7,9,10
- CAll factors of intrinsic pathway
- DAll factors of extrinsic pathway
- EAll of the coagulation factors
106Protein S and Protein C deficiency results in?
- Aexcessive coagulation
- Bdeficient coagulation
- Cimpaired fibrinolysis
- Dexcessive fibrinolysis
- EA and C are correct
- FB and C are correct
107What is the equation to determine ejection fraction?
- AEF= EDV/SV
- BEF= HR/SV
- CEF= SV/EDV
- DEF= EDV/HR
108The Frank-Starling law describes the relationship between
- AHeart rate and stroke volume
- BStroke volume and end diastolic volume
- CEnd diastolic volume and preload
- DEnd diastolic volume and total peripheral resistance
109Preload is synonymous with
- AEnd diastolic volume and venous return
- BVenous return and total peripheral resistance
- CEnd diastolic pressure and venous return
110Afterload is synonymous with
- AVenous return and aortic pressure
- BEnd diastolic volume and total peripheral resistance
- CTotal peripheral resistance and aortic pressure
111The equation to determine flow is Q=The difference between Ps/ R
- ATrue
- BFalse
112The equation for resistance is R is proportional to vL/r4
- ATrue
- BFalse
113The pressure and resistance in the pulmonary circulation are low
- ATrue
- BFalse
114The pressure and resistance in the systemic circulation are high
- ATrue
- BFalse
115The equation for cross sectional area is A= the sum of r
- ATrue
- BFalse
116The highest Cross sectional area is in the capillaries and lowest in the aorta
- ATrue
- BFalse
117The equation for velocity is V= Q/A
- ATrue
- BFalse
118The highest velocity is in the aorta and lowest in the capillaries
- ATrue
- BFalse
119The equation for wall tension is T is proportional to Pr
- ATrue
- BFalse
120The highest wall tension is in the aorta
- ATrue
- BFalse
121The equation for compliance is C= difference in volume/ difference in pressure
- ATrue
- BFalse
122Compliance is inversely proportional to elasticity
- ATrue
- BFalse
Information
- Description
- Quiz on Physiology - Cardio Midterm, created by Julia J on 19/02/2019.
- Author
- Julia J
- Language
- English
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