Chapter 20 the heart

1. 1Heart
   Blood
   Blood vessels
   all these make up what ?

   1. Athe heart
   2. Bthe cardiovascular system
2. 2the pulmonary circuit does what ?

   1. Acarries blood to and from gas exchange surfaces of lungs
   2. Bblood travels in a sequence
3. 3they systemic circuit does which of the following

   1. Acarries blood to and from the rest of the body
   2. Bcarries blood to and from gas exchange surfaces of lungs
4. 4the arteries do what function ?

   1. Areturn blood to the heart
   2. Bcarry blood away from the heart
5. 5the veins do what function ?

   1. Areturn blood to the heart
   2. Binterconnect smallest arteries and carry blood away from the heart
6. 6Capillaries are the interconnect smallest arteries and smallest veins . they exchange dissolved gases ,nutrients and wastes between blood and surrounding tissues .

   1. ATrue
   2. BFalse
7. 7select all that make up chambers of the heart .

   1. Aright atrium
   2. Bright venticle
   3. Cleft atrium
   4. Dleft ventricle
8. 8what chamber of the heart receives blood from systemic circuit ?

   1. Aright atrium
   2. Bright ventricle
   3. Cleft atrium
   4. Dleft ventricle
9. 9what chamber of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit ?

   1. ARight ventricle
   2. Bleft atrium
   3. Cleft ventricle
   4. Dright atrium
10. 10what chamber of the heart receives blood from pulmonary circuit?

    1. Aleft ventricle
    2. Bleft atrium
    3. Cright atrium
    4. Dright ventricle

11. 11what chamber of the heart pumps blood into systemic circuit ?

    1. Aright atrium
    2. Bright ventricle
    3. Cleft ventricle
    4. Dleft atrium
12. 12the heart includes which of the following ?

    1. Agreat vessels connected at base (superior)
    2. Bpointed tip is apex ( inferior )
    3. Csits between two pleural cavities in mediastinum
13. 13the pericardium does which of the following ?

    1. Asurronds the heart
    2. Bhas an outer fibrous pericardium layer
    3. Cinner serous , with a outer parietal layer and inner visceral layer called the epicardium
14. 14the pericardial cavity is between parietal and visceral layers which contains pericardial fluid .

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
15. 15this condition is caused by pathogens in the pericardium, it is when inflamed pericardial substances rub against each other producing a scratching sound. This may cause Cardiac tamponade which means restricted movement of the heart because of the excess fluid in pericardial cavity .

    1. Athis condition is pericarditis
    2. Bthis is a heart murmur
16. 16which are included in the heart wall?

    1. Avisceral layer of serous pericardium ( epicardium)
    2. Bparietal layer of serous pericardium
    3. Cmyocardium
    4. Dendocardium
17. 17the visceral layer of the serous pericardium does which of the following ?

    1. Acovered by the parietal layer of serous pericardium
    2. Bcovers the surface of the heart
    3. Ccardiac muscle tissue
    4. Dcovers inner surfaces of heart
18. 18in the heart wall the myocardium is the layer of cardiac muscle tissue .

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
19. 19the endocardium of the heart wall covers the inner surfaces of and the heart and which of the following ?

    1. Amade of of simple squamous epithelium and areolar tissue
    2. Bcovered by parietal layer of serous pericardium
20. 20connective tissues of the heart do which of the following ?

    1. AProvide elasticity that helps return heart to original size and shape after contraction
    2. BAdd strength and prevent overexpansion of heart
    3. CDistribute forces of contraction
    4. DPhysically support cardiac muscle fibers, blood vessels, and nerves of myocardium
21. 21the cardiac skeleton is made of 4 dense bands of tough elastic tissue ?

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
22. 22the four bands of elastic tissues do which of the following ?

    1. AEncircle heart valves and bases of pulmonary trunk and aorta
    2. BStabilize positions of heart valves and ventricular muscle cells
       & Electrically insulate ventricular cells from atrial cells
23. 23what seperates the artia ?

    1. AInterventricular septum
    2. BInteratrial septum
24. 24what separates the ventricles ?

    1. AInterventricular septum, alot thicker
    2. BInteratrial septum, bit thinner
25. 25Atrioventricular (AV) valves
    do which of the following ?

    1. ATricuspid and mitral valves
    2. BFolds of fibrous tissue that extend into openings between atria and ventricles
    3. CPermit blood flow
26. 26do the Atrioventricular (AV) valves
    permit blood flow in one direction ?

    1. Ayes , From right atrium to right ventricle
    2. Byes , From left atrium to left ventricle
    3. Cyes from all directions .
27. 27the semilunar valves are the pulmonary and aortic valves do they prevent backflow of blood into ventricles?

    1. AYes
    2. BNo
28. 28where does the right atrium receive blood from ?

    1. ASuperior vena cava
    2. BInferior vena cava
29. 29Inferior vena cava
    

    1. ACarries blood from head, neck, upper limbs, and chest
    2. BCarries blood from trunk, viscera, and lower limbs
30. 30superior vena cava carries blood from head, neck, upper limbs and chest

    1. Atrue
    2. Bfalse
31. 31in the right atrium the foramen ovale is before birth and is an opening though the intertrail septum, what else does it do?

    1. Aconnects the two artia of fetal heart
    2. Bcloses at birth, eventually forming fossa ovalis
    3. Cpermits blood flow and prevents backflow into ventricles
32. 32[blank_start]Pectinate muscles[blank_end]
    are Prominent muscular ridges On anterior atrial wall and inner surface of auricle
    

    1. APectinate muscles
    2. Bfossa ovalis
33. 33when blood flows from right atrium to right ventricle what makes this possible ?

    1. Athe tricuspid valve , Prevents backflow of blood. free edges of valve attach to chordae tendineae from papillary muscles of ventricle,Prevents valve from opening backward
    2. Bthe bicuspid valve , Blood passes to left ventricle through mitral valve
34. 34[blank_start]Trabeculae carneae-[blank_end]Muscular ridges on internal surface (of both ventricles)
    [blank_start]Moderator band[blank_end]-Muscular ridge that delivers stimulus for contraction to papillary muscles
    

    1. ATrabeculae carneae-
    2. Bmoderator band
    3. CModerator band
    4. Dcordinae tendanae
    5. Etrabecuale carneae
35. 35[blank_start]Conus arteriosus[blank_end]
    -At superior end of right ventricle
    -Ends at pulmonary valve
    *Three semilunar cusps
    *Leads to pulmonary trunk
    -Start of pulmonary circuit
    -Divides into left and right pulmonary arteries
    

    1. AConus arteriosus
    2. Bleft ventricle
    3. Cright ventricle
    4. Dmitral valve
36. 36what atrium recieves blood from left and right pulmonary veins?

    1. ARight
    2. BLeft
37. 37when blood passes to the left ventricle where does it go through ?

    1. Amitral valve (left atrioventricular valve or bicuspid valve)
    2. BTricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve)
38. 38the left ventricle is similair to the right but does not have what ?

    1. Apectinate muscles
    2. Bmoderator band
    3. Ctrabeculae carneae
39. 39in the left ventricle blood leaves through what ?

    1. Athe aortic valve
    2. Binto the ascending aorta
40. 40Aortic sinuses
    -Saclike expansions at base of ascending aorta
    Ascending aorta turns to become [blank_start]aortic arch[blank_end]
    -Becomes descending aorta
    

    1. Aaortic arch
    2. Bmoderator band
41. 41when Compared to left ventricle, the right ventricle
    

    1. AHolds and pumps the same amount of blood
    2. BHas thinner walls
    3. CDevelops less pressure
    4. DIs more pouch-shaped than round
42. 42when ventricles contract the Atrioventricular (AV) valves
    what happens ?

    1. ABlood pressure closes valves
    2. BPapillary muscles contract and tense chordae tendineae
    3. CPrevents regurgitation (backflow) of blood into atria
43. 43Semilunar valves
    contain what properties ?

    1. APulmonary and aortic valves
    2. BPrevent backflow of blood into ventricles
    3. CNo muscular braces
    4. Dsupplies blood to muscle tissue of heart
44. 44Valvular heart disease (VHD) May develop after carditis (inflammation of heart)
    & May result from rheumatic fever (inflammatory autoimmune response to streptococcal bacteria
    . Why is this ?

    1. ADeterioration of valve function
    2. Bblood pressure
45. 45what supplies blood to muscle tissue ?

    1. ACoronary circulation
    2. Bcoronary arteries
46. 46_______ arteries -Originate at aortic sinuses
    Elevated blood pressure and elastic rebound of aorta maintain blood flow through coronary arteries
    

    1. Acoronary
    2. BThe aorta
47. 47the right coronary artery supplies blood to ?

    1. Aright atrium
    2. Bportions of both ventricles
    3. Cportions of electrical conducting system of heart
48. 48the right coronary artery gives rises to ?

    1. Amarginal arteries
    2. Bposterior interventricular artery
49. 49where does the left coronary artery supply blood to ?

    1. ALeft ventricle
    2. BLeft atrium
    3. CInterventricular septum
50. 50the left coronary artery gives rises to ...

    1. ACircumflex artery
    2. BAnterior interventricular artery
51. 51Arterial anastomoses
    -Interconnect anterior and posterior interventricular arteries
    -Maintain constant blood supply to cardiac muscle
    

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
52. 52the great cardiac vein Drains blood from region supplied by anterior interventricular artery
    and returns the blood where? that opens into the right atrium

    1. Aanterior cardiac veins
    2. Bcoronary sinus
53. 53Posterior vein of left ventricle, middle cardiac vein, and small cardiac vein
    Empty into great cardiac vein or coronary sinus
    

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
54. 54Anterior cardiac veins empty into

    1. Aright atrium
    2. Bgreat cardiac vein or coronary sinus
55. 55Coronary artery disease (CAD)
    are Areas of partial or complete blockage of coronary circulation
    

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
56. 56Coronary ischemia
    -Reduced circulatory supply from partial or complete blockage of coronary arteries
    

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
57. 57Heartbeat is A single cardiac [blank_start]contraction[blank_end]
    All heart chambers contract in series,
    First the atria
    Then the ventricles
    

    1. Acontraction
    2. Bexpansion
58. 58what are the two types if cardiac muscle cells ?

    1. AAutorhythmic cells
    2. BContractile cells
    3. Cskeletal muscle cells
    4. Dsmooth muscle cells
59. 59Contractile cells
    Produce contractions that propel blood
    while Autorhythmic cells
    control and coordinate what ?

    1. Ablood flow
    2. Bblood pressure
    3. Cheart beat
60. 60the conductiny system Consists of specialized cardiac muscle cells that do what ?
    

    1. Acontracts without neural or hormonal stimulation
    2. BInitiate and distribute electrical impulses that stimulate contraction
61. 61Autorhythmicity
    Cardiac muscle tissue contracts without neural or hormonal stimulation
    

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
62. 62components of the conductiny system include what ?

    1. APace maker cells
    2. BConducting Cells
63. 63where are pace maker cells found in ?

    1. AAtrioventricular (AV) bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers of ventricles
    2. BSinoatrial (SA) node—in wall of right atrium
    3. CAtrioventricular (AV) node—at junction between atria and ventricles
64. 64where are conducting cells found in ?

    1. ASinoatrial (SA) node—in wall of right atrium
    2. BInternodal pathways of atria
    3. CAtrioventricular (AV) node—at junction between atria and ventricles
    4. DAtrioventricular (AV) bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers of ventricles
65. 65Pacemaker potential
    is Gradual depolarization of pacemaker cells, this means what ?
    

    1. ADo not have a stable resting membrane potential
    2. Bresults from slow influx of sodium with compensating outflow of potassium
       SA node call the cardiac pacemaker
66. 66Rate of spontaneous depolarization
    SA node: 60–100 action potentials per minute
    AV node: 40–60 action potentials per minute
    which depolarizes first?

    1. ASA node depolarizes first
       Establishing sinus rhythm
    2. BAV node depolarizes first
       Establishing sinus rhythm
67. 67Disturbances in heart rhythm
    [blank_start]Bradycardia[blank_end]—abnormally slow heart rate
    [blank_start]Tachycardia[blank_end]—abnormally fast heart rate
    [blank_start]Ectopic pacemaker[blank_end]
    -Abnormal cells generate high rate of action potentials
    -Bypasses conducting system
    -Disrupts timing of ventricular contractions
    

    1. ABradycardia
    2. BTachycardia
    3. CEctopic pacemaker
68. 68we know a Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
    A recording of electrical events in the heart
    what properties does it include?

    1. AObtained by placing electrodes at specific locations on body surface
    2. BAbnormal patterns are used to diagnose damage
    3. Chas features such as P wave, QRS complex, Twave
69. 69a P wave on a ECG shows us what ?

    1. ADepolarization of ventricles
    2. BDepolarization of atria
70. 70a QRS complex on a ECG is
    

    1. ARepolarization of ventricles
    2. BDepolarization of ventricles
    3. CVentricles begin contracting shortly after R wave
71. 71T wave on a ECG is when
    Repolarization of ventricles happens
    

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
72. 72Cardiac contractile cells
    

    1. AResting membrane potential
    2. BReceive stimulus from Purkinje fibers
    3. CForm bulk of atrial and ventricular walls
73. 73Intercalated discs
    Interconnect cardiac contractile cells but what else do they do ?
    

    1. ATransfer force of contraction from cell to cell
    2. BPropagate action potentials
    3. Care Membranes of adjacent cells are
       Held together by desmosomes
       Linked by gap junctions
    4. DReceive stimulus from Purkinje fibers
74. 74Role of [blank_start]calcium[blank_end] ions in cardiac contractions
    Extracellular Ca2+ crosses plasma membrane during plateau phase
    Provides roughly 20 percent of Ca2+ required for contraction
    Entry of extracellular Ca2+ triggers release of additional Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
    

    1. Acalcium
75. 75calcium ions in cardiac contractions
    Cardiac muscle tissue is Very sensitive to extracellular Ca2+ concentrations
    

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
76. 76as slow calcium channels close,
    Intracellular Ca2+ is pumped back into SR or out of cell
    

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
77. 77[blank_start]Aerobic[blank_end] energy is derived from
    Fatty acids stored as lipid droplets and glucose stored as glycogen
    Oxygen needs to be available
    Myoglobin bound to heme
    Both together oxygen from circulating hemoglobin and myoglobin can met oxygen demands even at max capacity
    

    1. AAerobic
    2. Banaerobic
78. 78Systole – pushes blood to the next chamber or into arterial trunk while
    Diastole –
    

    1. Achambers will with blood
    2. Bcontract
79. 79Cardiac cycle
    From start of one heartbeat to beginning of next
    Includes alternating periods of contraction and relaxation
    

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
80. 80what happens when blood pressure is in systole?

    1. ARises
    2. BFalls
81. 81what happens to blood pressure in diastole ?

    1. Arises
    2. Bfalls
82. 82Blood flows from an area of higher pressure to one of lower pressure
    because ?

    1. AControlled by timing of contractions
    2. Bit is Directed by one-way valves
83. 83phases of the cardiac cycle include

    1. AAtrial systole
    2. BAtrial diastole
    3. CVentricular systole
    4. DVentricular diastole
84. 84Heart sounds
    Detected with a stethoscope
    [blank_start]S1[blank_end]—Loud sound as AV valves close
    [blank_start]S2[blank_end]—Loud sound as semilunar valves close
    [blank_start]S3[blank_end], S4—Soft sounds
    Blood flowing into ventricles and atrial contraction
    

    1. AS1
    2. BS2
    3. CS3
85. 85Heart murmur
    Sounds produced by regurgitation through valves
    

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
86. 86Cardiac output is what ?
    CO=HR+ SV

    1. AVolume pumped by left ventricle in one min
    2. BCO= (mL / min)
87. 87SV stroke volume is

    1. AmL per beat
    2. Bbeats per min
    3. CmL per min
88. 88Stroke volume (SV)
    SV = EDV – ESV
    what is EDV ?

    1. AAmount of blood in each ventricle at end of ventricular diastole
    2. BAmount of blood remaining in each ventricle at end of ventricular systole
89. 89Stroke volume (SV)
    SV = EDV – ESV
    What is ESV?
    

    1. AAmount of blood in each ventricle at end of ventricular diastole
    2. BAmount of blood remaining in each ventricle at end of ventricular systole
    3. CEjection fraction
90. 90what factors affect HR?

    1. AAutonomic activity
    2. BCirculating hormones
91. 91Autonomic innervation
    includes

    1. ACardiac plexus innervates heart
    2. BVagus nerves (CN X) carry parasympathetic fibers to small ganglia in cardiac plexus
    3. CCardiac centers of medulla oblongata
92. 92Cardiac centers of medulla oblongata
    include

    1. ACardioacceleratory center controls sympathetic neurons that increase heart rate
    2. BCardioinhibitory center controls parasympathetic neurons that slow heart rate
93. 93cardiac reflexes regulate cardiac centers but also receive input from high centers like the hypothalamus . those centers do which of the following ?

    1. AMonitor blood pressure (baroreceptors)
    2. BMonitor arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide levels (chemoreceptors)
    3. CAdjust cardiac activity
94. 94autonomic tone is having a steady background which mean it is

    1. AMaintained by dual innervation and release of ACh and NE
    2. Bmakes Fine adjustments meet needs of other systems
95. 95 Any factors that changes the rate of spontaneous depolarization or the duration of repolarization Will alter heart rate in pace maker cells of SA node
    

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
96. 96when ACH is released by parasympathetic nuerons
    ( effects of pacemaker cells of SA node)

    1. AHR decreases
    2. BHR increases
97. 97when NE released by sympathetic neurons
    

    1. AHR decreases
    2. BHR increases
98. 98Bainbridge reflex (atrial reflex)
    is Adjustments in heart rate in response to increase in venous return
    , this causes ?

    1. ATrigger increase in heart rate
    2. Bincrease in CO
99. 99Hormonally speaking what is HR increased by ?

    1. ACa+
    2. BEpinephrine (E)
    3. CK+
    4. DNorepinephrine (NE)
    5. EThyroid hormone (T3)
    6. FEpinephrine (E)
       Norepinephrine (NE)
       Thyroid hormone (T3)
100. 100what are 2 factors that affect EDV

     1. Afilling time
     2. Bvenous return
     3. Cdescending blood
101. 101what in cardiac output is
     Degree of ventricular stretching during ventricular diastole
     Directly proportional to EDV
     Affects ability of muscle cells to produce tension
     

     1. Apreload , Greater EDV – larger the preload
     2. BSV
102. 102at rest EDV and SV what is happening ?

     1. AStroke volume is relatively low
     2. BStroke volume is relatively high
     3. CMyocardium is stretched very little
     4. DEDV is low
103. 103when excersing EDV & SV ehat takes place?

     1. AStroke volume increases
     2. BStroke volume decreases
     3. CMyocardium stretches more
     4. DMyocardium stretches less
     5. EEDV increases
     6. FVenous return decreases
     7. GVenous return increases
104. 104Frank–Starling Principle
     As EDV increases, stroke volume increases
     Normal physiological limits = FS principle = more in = more out
     

     1. ATrue
     2. BFalse
105. 105what are 3 factors that affect ESV

     1. APreload
     2. BContractility
     3. CAfterload
     4. DEDV, SV
106. 106Contractility
     Force produced during contraction at a given preload
     Affected by autonomic activity and hormones
     

     1. ATrue
     2. BFalse
107. 107Afterload
     Tension that must be produced by ventricle to open semilunar valve and eject blood
     

     1. ATrue
     2. BFalse
108. 108NE released by cardiac nerves
     E and NE released by adrenal medullae
     insympathetic stimulation takes place this then causes ...

     1. Aventricles to contract with more force
     2. BIncreases ejection fraction, decreases ESV
     3. CACh released by vagus nerves
     4. DReduces force of cardiac contractions
109. 109during parasympathetic stimulation what is released so that cardiac contractions are reduced ?

     1. AACh released by vagus nerves
     2. BE and NE released by adrenal medullae
     3. CNE released by cardiac nerves
110. 110when afterload increases... (this happens when any factor that restricts blood flow )
     

     1. ASV increases
     2. BSV decreases
111. 111Heart rate control factors
     

     1. AAutonomic nervous system//Sympathetic and parasympathetic
     2. BCirculating hormones
     3. CVenous return and stretch receptors
112. 112Stroke volume control factors
     

     1. AEDV—filling time and rate of venous return
     2. BESV—preload, contractility, and afterload
     3. CVenous return and stretch receptors
113. 113Cardiac reserve is the
     Difference between resting and maximal cardiac outputs
     

     1. ATrue
     2. BFalse
114. 114Heart and vessels of cardiovascular system
     [blank_start]Cardiovascular regulation[blank_end]
     Ensures adequate circulation to body tissues
     [blank_start]Cardiac centers[blank_end]
     Control heart rate and peripheral blood vessels
     [blank_start]Cardiovascular system[blank_end] responds to
     Changing activity patterns
     Circulatory emergencies
     

     1. ACardiovascular regulation
     2. BCardiac centers
     3. CCardiovascular system

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Quiz on Chapter 20 the heart , created by Katie Gonzalez on 04/03/2019.

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